dang va lar\h, cho n§n nhflng ngu'di am h\i, than v i ton thu'dng, ngu'di mac h^nh. da day khong nen dOing.
(13) Nadc ngu vj id hong tao , , ' , 'i.- i
Phifdng phap chCfa benh bang tra thuo'c: 9 gam ngu vi tii, 10 qua hong tao, 30 gam quyt vang, du'dng phen vijfa
dii. Cho ta't cd cac nguy^n lieu tren vao dun lay nu'dc.
Iv46i ngay mot thang, chia lam hai Ian uo'ng, udng lien trong 15 ngay.
Cong dung chiJa tri: Du'dng huyfe't bd gan, tdt cho than,
bd svCc kho§.
Chu y: Loai tra nay c6 tac dung to't vdi gan khi hu"
nhu'cfc, viem gan, tiJc ngxXc.
3. NhOng dieu can ghi nhtf
Mudn de phong benh viem gan thong thu'dng, chung ta phai thtfc hi&n to't nhCfng dieu sau day:
Thu' nhai la chu y Sn udng ve sinh, giao due tr^ nho
y§u thich thdi quen giu" gin ve sinh sach se. Tru'dc khi ^.^^i
an cam va sau khi di ve sinh xong phdi riJa tay sach se. J^Z''
ThiJ hai la ngvfdi Idn, thfiy cd giao can phdi nam vCfng nhiJng kien thiJc phong ngiia benh viem gan, mot khi
phat hien thay cd tre T\h6 hi viem gan, phai lam tdt cdng
tac each ly. ; ThiJ ba la phai de cao canh giac, neu phat hien thay tre
cd bieu hien cam mao nhu* ho, sd mui, sot... hoSc cd trieu
chvCng ve tieu hoa khong tdt nhu' khong mudn an cdm,
ndn, tieu chiy... neu di^u tri may ngay ma vSn chu'a thay kh6i, thi phai nghi den nguy cd mac b&nh viem gan, can phai kip thdi du'a tre di benh vien de kham chirJi xac.
Be phong virus viem gan
Thu- nhat la de phong viem gan trong gia dirJi: Trong gia dinh, neu phat hien ra nguldi cd benh viem gan hoac
kiem tra sxic khoe phat hien thay cd virus viem gan, can
Phdi kip thdi di benh vien de chan doan dieu tri. Neu X^c dinh chinh xac mac viem gan, can d lai benh vien (3ieu tri hoac dieu tri theo chi dSn cua benh vien. Sau khi
b§nh nhan d vign dieu tri, ngifdi nha phai mang chan (^i^A
n^ng it nha't nuTa gicf dong ho trd len, hoSc phdi dung thuoc tieu d6c ngam trong 20 phiit roi dem giat sach. Nhflng vat ma ngvfdi benh da tiep xiic qua cung c6 the dung thuoc ti§u d6c vdfi nong do nhif trSn de tieu d6c,
ngam trong khodng 10 phiit roi hd ra lau chui riJa sach.
NhCfng dung cu an uong ma benh nhan da su* dung qua phdi cho vao nu'dc soi dun trong khodng 30 phvit. NhCfng ngu'di tiep xuc chat che vdi ngu'di benh viem gan B hoac n h i l m virus viem gan B trong gia dinh phai di benh vien kiem tra HBsAg, tiem phong cho'ng HBS va HBC. Vofi
ngu'di CO ket qud am tinh phai tiem chung ngiia viem
gan B theo trinh txi thang dau, 1 thang sau do, roi 6
thang sau do. Nhflng ngu'di c6 quan he mSt thi§'t trong
gia dinh bi mac benh viem gan A phai chii y difdng lay truyen benh tCf mieng, chu y an uong ve sinh va nhCfng
dung cu an uong phdi dxxac khuf trung sach se, dong
thdi phai khuf trung bon cau toilet sach se, ngoai ra can phai tiem phong vacxin phong ngijfa ber\h.
, ThxJ hai la phdi phong ngCfa ISy b§nh d nhttng noi
c6ng cong: NhCfng r\han vien phuc v u an uong trong nhiJng dOn v i nhu' nha an tap the, cufa hang kinh doanh an uong, tru'Ong hoc, nha tre... can phai dinh ky kiem tra stJc kho^, khong mua nhCng thiJc an khong sach che bien, neu c6 dieu kien can tht^c hien ve sinh dung cu an uong. NhiJng dcfn v i tap the, neu mot khi phat hi§n ra
CO ngu'di mac benh viem gan, can kip thdi each ly, tich
cu!c tuyen truyen giiJ gin v& sinh, dong thdi tien hanh khi} trung triet de nhiJng vat pham da tiep xuc vdi ngu'di benh. Neu khong the ngan can dtfdc, ma dich viem gan A bung phat, can tiem phong m i l n dich cau (SIG, 0.02 - 0.12ml/kg) va virus viem gan A cho nhtfng
ngu'di CO tiep xxic mat thiet vdi nguon benh trong vdng
7- 10 ngay. , , , , , ,
Chtmtg 5
CAC B E N H THLfflNG G A P
C U A H E T H A N KINH, NOI T I E T V A T R A O 0 0 1 C H A T
I. T A I B I E N MACH MAU NAO
Tai bien mach mau nao dan gian thu:dng goi la trung gio, day la mot chxJng benh do tac tuan hoan nao gay ra, dSn den nguldi benh mat chiJc nang than kinh cue bo nao. Khi nhCfng mach mau cung cap chat dinh du'dng va oxi cho nao dot nhien bi vd hoac bi tac se dSn den chiing b§nh nay. Khi mau khong den du'dc bo phan can den cua dai nao, viec cung cap oxi bi gian doan, cac te bao nao bat dau bi chet di, ke ca cac chiJng benh cua dong mach va tmh mach trong va ngoai hop so, tinh mach thai du'ofng, nhui\ chu yeu nhieu nhat vSn la cac chiJng benh ciia dong mach. Benh cao huyet ap, xO vijfa dong mach la nguyen nhan chu yeu dan den can benh nay va
thifdng thay nhieu d ngu'di gia. Can cuf vao cac thay ddi ciia b§nh ly, c6 thi chia thanh hai loai tai bien mach mau
^ao la xuat huyet va thieu mau mach mau nao.
Benh thiidng xay ra bat ngd, chi trong vai phut hoac ^ai gicr dong ho la c6 the dat tdi dinh diem, c6 khi keo ^ai tvf 24-48 gid dong ho. Benh nhan bi xuat huyet nang
CO the CO tri$u chiJng dau dau, buon non, sau mot khodng
thdi gian rat ngan thi chim vao hon me. Benh nhan hi nhe,
CO the tha'y dau dau, vang dau, sau do toan than mat het
siJc Itfc, dan dan xay ra nhCfng trd ngai ve y thufc. Benh nhan xuaft huyet it c6 the y thiJc luon luon tinh tao. Dau
dau CO the gap d 50% benh nhan, dai da so xuat hien
chiJng buon non. ChiJng dong kinh chiem chu'a d§n 10%.
1. NhOng ctieu can ghi M ve difdng slnh
Tra CO tac dung h6 trd vCc che cac chiJng benh ve mach
mau. Chat phenol c6 nhieu trong tra c6 tac dung quan
trong doi vdri SIJ! trao ddi chat beo cua cd the. Neu chat
cholesterol trong cd the cao, cha't beo se tich t u tren
thanh mach mau, nhttng te bao bang phang nhSn nhui sau khi du'dc sinh ra di dang hinh thanh nen nhCfng not
xd hoa tren ddng mach, dSn den cac chtJng benh ve mach mau. Chat phenol c6 nhieu trong tra, dac biet la tra con c6 nhieu chat ECG va EGC va cac chat oxi hoa
CO trong tra vang va tra non, c6 tac dung h6 trd tJc che su! gia tang cua nhtJng no't xd hoa tren, lam gidm s\i gia
tang cua chat xd protein, lam sach mau, tii do chong lai
su: xd vCta dong mach.
2. Cdc loai tra nen suf dung
(1)Tra nhan sam ' ' ' ' ^"'7 ' '
Phu'dng phap chu'a benh bang tra thuoc: 15 gam la tra, 20 gam ngu v i tu", 10 gam r\han sam, 30 gam long nhan. Ngii v i , nhan sam dap giap, long nhan thai sdi
nho, cho vao ciing v6i la tra quay deu, ngam ham trong
nu'drc nong khoang 5 phiit. Uong nhi6u Ian thay tra. Cong dung chSa tri: Kien nao cu:cJng than (lam cho nao khoe va tang cvfdng siJc kho§), bd trung ich khi. ,
Chu y: Phu'dng tra nay dung vdi ngUdi c6 tri nhd suy giam, ngon ngiJ kho khan.
(2) Tra ha catthao
Phu'dng phap chCfa benh bang tra thudc: 30 gam ha (.^t thao, 2 gam tra xanh. Dun soi ha cat thao cho den l^hi soi, cho tra xanh vao cdc giu' nhiet, sau do cho vao fidi dun ha cat thao, day nap ngam ham trong khoang 5 -10 phut. Ud^ng nhieu Ian thay tra, uong thu'cfng xuyen.
M6i ngay thay la tra 2 \in. " • ' Cong dung chvta tri: Mat gan sang mat.
Chu y: Loai tra nay thich hdp dung de tri nhiing d i chufng cua benh tai bien mach mdu nao, hoa mat, u tai.
(3) Tra xadng bo
Phu'dng phap chu'a benh bang tra thudc: 15 gam xu'dng bd, 2 qua md chua, 2 qua dai tao, du'dng do vijfa d u dung. Cho xu'dng bd thai mdng, cho vao cdc tra, sau do th§m dai tao, m d chua va difdng dd vao dim s6i, rdi rot vao cdc tra. Udng nhieu Ian thay tra. ' ' '
Cong dung chCfa tri: Tmh tam an than, hifdng thdm
d§ chiu. .,
Chvi y: Loai tra nay thich hdp dung de hoi phuc siJc khoe sau khi bi di chiJng cua chiJng rd^i loan mach mau nao.
(4) Hong tra, tra xanh ban Ian 7 7 ^^^^'^^^^^''^^^^^^
Phu'dng phap chu'a benh bang tra thudc: 2 gam tra ^anh, 5 gam hong tra, 10 gam bdn Ian. Cho ban Ian sao Mid, hong tra gia min, sau do cho tra xanh vao khuay
^^u, them nu'drc sdi vu:a d u dung, day nap ngam ham *fong 10 phiit la du'dc. M o i ngay udng 2 thang, uong ^ i e u Ian thay tra.
C o n g d u n g chCta t r i : I c h k h i hoat huy§t.
Chvi y: L o a i tra n a y thich h d p v d i n h i l n g d i chiJng cua chiJng t r i i n g gio.
3. HhUng dm can ghi nha
Phong ngTjfa b e n h tai b i e n m a c h m a u nao du'dc chia
t h a n h 2 cap, la p h o n g n g i i a cap 1 va p h o n g ngiifa cap 2.
Phong ngijfa cap 1 tap t r u n g vao n h i l n g n h a n to nguy
h i e m cua b ^ n h tai b i e n mach m a u nao k h i ngUcfi benh vSn chifa p h a t benh, m u c d i c h la t h o n g qua cac phu'cfng p h a p de l a m g i d m sU n g u y h i e m cua viec xay ra benh tai b i e n m a c h m a u nao. Benh cao h u y e t ap la m o t nhan to" n g u y h i e m h a n g d a u , v i v a y d a u tien can p h i i xac d i n h x e m b e n h n h a n c6 b i cao h u y e t ap hay k h o n g , dong
@ t h d i t h o n g qua nhCfng b i e n phap p h u h d p de k h o n g che
h u y e t ap t r o n g p h a m v i cho phep. N§'u ckn thi§'t, cung
can p h d i t h o n g qua viec k h o n g che a n u o n g va d i e u t r i bang thuoc de k h o n g che benh t i e u du-dng. Q u a n he mat thiet d e n n o n g do cholesterol t r o n g m a u con ke ca ham lu'cfng m d t r o n g m a u , d i e u chir\ ccf cau thiJc an va phai d i e u t r i b a n g thuoc c6 the se l a m cho m d m a u b i n h
thu'dng. Cai thuoc la va t r a n h u o n g n h i e u r U d u c u n g la
m o t t r o n g rUiCtng b i e n p h a p v6 c u n g quan t r o n g .
N & u b§nh nhSn da tOfng b i benh nay, t h i can phai
ki§'m tra t o a n d i e n sMc kho^ de du'a ra chan d o a n toan
di&n, d o n g t h d i t h o n g qua cac n g u y e n n h a n gay b&nh de d i e u t r i va p h o n g ngijfa cac kha n a n g c6 the gay ra benh
tai b i e n m a c h m a u nao. ? ' v - ' ; > ;
NS'u b e n h n h a n b i mac chiJng n h i p t i m k h o n g d^u h a y cac chxJng b e n h ve t i m m a c h khac ( v i d u nhu! m a n g t i m n h a n tao va b e n h t i m ) c u n g can p h a i d i e u t r i bang ^ thuoc t r o n g t h d i gian d a i de t r i k h o i b e n h t a i b i e n mach " W * ^ ' ' m a u nao. ; .,
Phong ngCfa cap 2. N e u b ^ n h n h a n c6 tien s i l b i t a i
]jien m a c h m a u nao, t h i cang ve sau s U n g u y h i e m k h i
^^y ra t a i b i e n m a c h m a u nao cang cao. Phong ngufa cap
2 la t h o n g qua cac phu'dng p h a p khac n h a u de n g a n can
s\i r^S^y h i e m cua b&nh t a i b i e n m a c h m a u nao. D o l vdfi
b&nh n h a n d a n g nay, can t h o n g qua kig'm tra siifc kho^
toan d i e n va d a n h gia n g u y e n rihan gay benh. T u y m 6 i bgrih nhSn c6 the p h d i tien h a n h nhCtng d a n h gia khac nhau, n h u i i g n g u y e n tac d i e u t r i b e n h la gio'ng n h a u . Co m6t so' b e n h n h a n c6 the xuat h i e n m o t so' tac d u n g p h u
va nhCfng v a n de ve y hoc k h o n g p h u h d p v d i each t r i
ligu. N e n tru'dc k h i d i e u t r i , p h d i tien har\ ki§'m tra siJc
khoe t o a n d i e n va thuf chan d o a n de quye't d i n h x e m ngu'cfi b e n h c6 tiep n h a n viec d i e u t r i b e n h du'dc k h o n g .
Dong t h d i , c u n g can k i p t h d i giao due, t u y e n t r u y e n cho b&nh n h a n x e m ho c6 t r i e u chiJng nao do k h o n g , de ho n6i ra x e m t r o n g t h d i gian vCfa qua da b i nhCfng tri&u chlJng g i . - .J if . i ^ . i i J r ^ . - ; r
11. CHtfNG MOl T R O N G MAU C A O
M d t r o n g m a u cao la m o t chxJng b e n h thuoc ve p h a m t r i i c h d n g m a t , c6 d d m , t a m t r a n g b u o n b i i c , txJc
ngLfc v.v... ciia D o n g y. B i e u h i $ n l a m sang la nhiJng
liic hoa m a t , txJc n g U c , b u n g d o i t h i chat m d t r o n g m a u
(triglycerit v a cholesterol) t a n g cao (c6 nhiJng t r i f d n g
h d p b i e u h i e n l a m sang k h o n g c6 c h i i t t r i e u chxJng i^ao). B e n h c6 n g u y e n n h a n b e n n g o a i la thu'dng x u y e n
nhCfng thiJc a n cd chiJa n h i e u chat beo, n g u y e n
^ a n b e n t r o n g la d o sxic khoe suy y e u tuo'i gia hoac
t h a n suy y e u dSn d e n Sm d i f d n g ma't can bang,
^ ^ n h n a y c o n do gan t h a n hxi t o n , d d m tich t u d i n d e n
1. Nhufng dieu can ghl nhtf ve dufdng sinh
Ham lu:cfng tra non trong la tra rat cao nen ttfcfng doi tot. Tra non c6 the hap thu vitamin C, lam cho vitamin