Nam 1882, cac nha khoa hoc DTJC da phat hien ra nhanh khuan bacillus gay lao (goi tat la khuan lao), dong thdi khang dinh khuan lao la nguyen nhan gay
benh dtiy nhat ciia benh lao. Sau khi nhi§m phai khuan
lao chac chan con ngtfdi se mac benh lao. Khi mac phai su: truyen nhiem cua khuan lao hoSc siJc khang the cua ccf the giam, benh lao se bi nang hofn. Cac cd quan noi tang cua ccf the deu c6 the bi n h i l m bgnh do si^ truyen n h i l m ciia khuan lao gay nen, nhuiig benh lao phdi la
can b&nh d l thay nhat, chiem hdn 80% trong cac bgnh
lao ciia cd quan noi tang.
Trieu chiJng dien hinh ciia bgnh lao phdi la than nhi§t tha'p, ngifdi yeu, do mo hoi trom, an it, ho, ra ddm nhieu, khac ra mau, ve l i thuyet la rat kho chan doan. Tuy nhien, trong nhCfng nam gan day, che do dinh
diidng ciia con ngifcfi da dxidc cdi thien, the chat diicfc tang len, nhCfng loai thudc chong lao da dxidc iJng dung
rong rai, sau khi mac benh lao phdi, nhCfng trieu chiJng
lam sang khong con d dang dien hinh. Dac biet, tai
nhCtng ncfi truyen nhi§m nhe, cung vdi suf tang len ciia
hien tifdng voi hoa d ngtfdi gia trong qua trinh dieu tri
benh lao phdi, sau khi lay nhiem se bi cdm nhieu Ian, c6 bieu hien ho, d§ tao ra lau chan. » r v f " '
1. KhQng diiu can ghi nhtf ve dicing sinh
Hoa ciic than nhe, de ndi, thanh nhiet lam mat, thu'cfng dung de phan tan phong nhi§t, hoac ngu'di nong, chat doc nong lifu trong phdi, dau dau, ho, thifcfng dung cung v d i la dau, lien kieu, bac ha, cat canh, udng r\hu' tra la dau hoa ciic.
2. Cdc loai tra nen su' dung ? *
(1) Tra mat ong ngoc Ian
Phifcfng phap chiJa benh bang tra thud'c: Hoa ngpc Ian
3-5 gam, mat ong 25 gam, tra xanh 0,5-1 gam. Cho hoa
ngpc Ian, tra xanh vao nu'dc soi de trong nam phiit, khi con nong cho them mat ong vao trpn deu la c6 the dung du'cfc. Moi ngay ud^ng mot thang, chia lam ba Ian ud^ng.
Cong dung chiJa tri: Chi?a viem, tieu ddm.
Chii y: Phu'Png tra nay dung cho nhSng ngifcfi bi lao phdi, viem phe qudn man tinh. • .
(2) Tra ludi tiidi 6 liu ., , .< i r r ; . ^ i . ;
Phu'cfng phap chCfa benh bang tra: Qud Ivtdi tifdi 9-10
gam, 6 liu 5 gam, mat ong 25 gam, tra xanh 1-1,5 gam.
Dd nxXdc soi vao qua lifcfi tifofi, 6 liu de trong nam phiit
rdi chat bo can, khi con nong cho them tra xanh, mat ong vao trpn deu la c6 the dung difpc. M 6 i ngay udhg mot thang, chia lam ba Ian ud^ng.
Cong dung chiJa tri: Thanh nhiet, gidi doc, trPn hpng, Igfi am.
Chii y: Phu'Png tra nay dung cho nhiSng ngi:fdi bi viem hpng man tinh, phdi nong, ho.
(3) Tra !a hong « ' ^
Phu'Png phap chCfa benh bang tra thuo'c: La hong, tra
Xanh mot lu'png viia dii. Tr\idc tien la hong dem riJa
sach, la hong to't nhat nen ngat vao mua thu, nghien
thanh bpt, cho vao am su". M o i ngay udng 2-3 Ian, m d i
lin lay ra 6 gam bpt, cho vao cung la tra roi dun len,
<5cfi ngupi mdi udng. ;
C h i i y : Phifcfng tra nay d u n g vdi ngUcfi b i lao p h d i ,
gian k h i quan do ho, d d m trong m a u , xuat huyet da d a y va cac dang xua't huyet nhif tieu tien ra m a u , xuat huyet tu: cung, ban xuat huyet. ^ . , :;
(4) Tra tao sen ; ^ ! ' ;
Phu'orng phap chila benh bSng tra thuoc: Tieu mach 200 gam, tao to 30 gam, hat sen 25 gam, tra xanh 1 gam. B6 nhi3ng hat tieu mach n d i ra ngoai, cho nu'dc vao n a u tig'u mach cho chin, k h i nu'dc dang soi cho tra xanh vao t r 6 n d e u la c6 the d u n g du'c'c. M 6 i ngay u d n g m o t thang, chia l a m 3-4 Ian udng.
C o n g d u n g chCta t r i : K i e n v i , du'dng tinh. M',-
' C h i i y : Phu'cfng tra nay d u n g v d i nhttng ngu'cfi b i lao phdi. C o n g d u n g cua thudc trong hat tieu mach la ngan m o h o i . ^,,,.„ „..,.,,.„^ . ,„..,, ,..,„ . ,„ ,
(5) Tra6ctuyet .
Phiidng phap chfla b$nh bang tra thudc: Scfn difcfc tifdi 45 gam, hat n i n h khuong (gia nat) 12 gam, banh
h o n g n g a m 18 gam. Tru'cfc tien d e m scfn dvcac, hat n i n h
k h u o n g n a u len, chat bo can, cho them banh h o n g n g a m
vao nu'dc tren la c6 the d u n g dxidc. U d n g t u y Ixic.
Cong d u n g chiJa t r i : Bd t i nhuan phdi.
C h u y : Phu'cfng tra nay chu t r i Sm k h i p h d i t i k h d n g d u dSn tdfi hu" nhiet, h d i t h d ngan, i t n d i , tiep nhan k e m , ccf the gay y e u , ho do lao phdi. Sdn du'dc, cam b i n h , ich k h i difdng a m , b d t i , than, phdi, c6 the b d ca k h i t i , ich
am t i , l a i c6 the b d k h i p h d i , ich Sm p h d i . H a t n i n h
k h u o n g (con c6 ten g o i khac la hat thien \xic) cd chiJc
nang thanh nhiet I d i hong, con c6 chiJc nang k h d n g che
svi* sinh tru'dng cua khuan cau chudi m a u vang. Banh hong ngam, v i ngot va mat, cd chufc nang thanh nhiet
nhuan p h d i , chCfa ho tieu d d m . Trong cud'n "Ban thao cu:cfng m u c " c6 n o i ve banh hong ngam: "Co cong d u n g b d m a u , t i , p h d i , v i ngot giiip hoa k h i , v i chat n h i i n g d§
hap t h u , kien t i b d da day, chCfa ho." C o n n d i them:
" H o n g ngam, niidc hong ep ra't c6 tac d u n g d o l v d i cac bgnh ve p h d i . " Ket hcfp ba loai thudc, d e u cd chiJc nang bd t i nhuan p h d i , thanh nhiet, chtfa ho, tieu d d m . K h i
chtfa diidc a m k h i d t i va p h d i se cd tac d u n g h d n de
chiJa ho lao.
Phu'cfng phap chiJa benh bang banh h o n g ngSm: C h i lay nhiJfng hat h d n g chin, cat bd Idp v 6 ngoai, p h d i cd ngay va qua d e m su:dng, sau m o t thang t h i g d i k i n vao do cdi, khoang m o t thang sau m a t ngoai se cd m a u trang nhtf phan, d u n g chdi quet Idp ngoai la thanh h d n g ngam. Bd h d n g n g a m vao n d i d u n cho n d n g chay d e n
khi thanh dang mat, do vao k h u d n cd h i n h dang dac
biet, phdi k h d , k h i phdi k h d xong t h i g p i la banh h d n g ngam. N e n p h d i k h d ngoai anh nang m a t trdi de tranh
chay nxXdc. ,„;, \/
(6) Tra chOa lao
Phu'dng phap chila benh bang tra: V d dia cot 9 gam, sai h d 6 gam, cam thao tu'di 3 gam. N h t f n g loai thudc tren d e m nghien thanh bdt, cho vao b i n h giu" nhiet, d d nirdc sdi vao, d a y nap de trong 15 p h u t , u d n g n h i e u nhu* tra. M d i ngay u d n g m o t thang, k h i het n d n g t h i k h o n g udng ni?a. , ,^ , • ,
Cong d u n g chvfa t r i : Thanh nhiet m a t m a u , chila lao C h u y : Phu'dng tra nay chu t r i chCfa lao p h d i , d i e u t r i chu-ng tang nhiet va g i a m nhiet. Ngu'di b i cam phong han, triing gid doc khong nen d u n g . V d dia cot cung gid'ng nhu' hat khdi k i , v i ngot mat, cd tac d u n g thanh
nhiet m a t m a u , c h u t r i d o m o h o i t r o m , tang nhiet hu" lao, p h d i n o n g d o h o , n o n ra m a u , chay m a u cam, chda
khat, cao huyet ap. Cac t h i n g h i g m ve dvCac 11 da chiJng
m i n h , phu'cfng thudc n a y c6 tac d u n g r a t t o t t r o n g viec thanh nhiet v a l a m mat m a u , c6 tac d u n g giai nhiet y e u hcfn aminopyrine, nhutig l a i tu'dng du'cfng v d i cac loai thudc gidi nhiet khac. N o con c6 tac d u n g g i d m huyet
ap, g i a m IvCang du'cfng trong m a u . Sai ho cung g i d n g
r\hif r§ cay c a m chu'dng, v i ngot v a dang, m a t , c6 the l a m m a t p h d i , t i , v i , than, c6 chiJc nang l a m m a t m a u .
V i n o CO t i n h nang giai doc n e n c6 chtJc nang l a m g i a m
nhiet d o lao. Phifcfng thudc tren cpng t h e m m o t lu-cfng nho c a m thdo c6 the gidi nhiet v a d i e u du-dng. D u n g ket h d p ba loai thudc tren, c6 tac d u n g r a t tdt d d i v d i hien tuWng phat nhiet d o lao. ' •! V
(7) Tra la cong lao , , M •;
Phu'cfng phap chila benh bang tra: La cong lao con t^cfi v a n o n 60 gam. Trvrdc tien d e m loai la tren ru'a sach,
de rao n\idc, cho v a o b i n h giu" nhiet, d d nxXdc soi chiem
nufa b i n h , day nap l a i trong 10 p h u t , u d n g thay tra. U o n g hg't t r o n g m 6 t ngay rihuHg chia l a m n h i e u I a n u d n g ,
k h d n g u d n g can. ? >• ' [
C o n g d u n g chCa t r i : Thanh nhiet tH a m .
' C h u y : Phu'cfng tra n a y chii t r i hien tu^cfng tang nhiet do lao, h o ra m a u . La cong lao, c o n c6 t e n g o i khac la la hoang t h i e n true, t h d hoang bach, k i c h hoang bach, k i c h hoang k i m (tieng TiJ Xuyen), m o c hoang lien. Su" p h a n biet gitfa cac ncfi cf T r u n g Qud'c la k h a rihieu, c6 t h ^ m u a difgfc quarih n a m . Phu'cfng thuoc n a y t o t nhat la d u n g k h i c o n tifcfi. N o c6 v i d a n g mat, c6 chiJc nang ^ thanh nhiet t i l a m , c6 the chila benh lao p h d i . La cong
lao CO chila h a m luldng cha't palmatisine, jatrorrhizine v a
jjiagnolorine c6 k h d nang tieu di§t khua'n c a u c h u d i jjiau v a n g , khua'n que g a y thtforng h a n . K h i d u n g phu'cfng tra n a y se tang k h a n a n g k h a n g lao t r o n g qua trinh d i e u t r i . » :
(8) Tra bach bp , , ;
Phu'cfng p h a p chi3a bSnh bang tra thuoc: Bach bp,
du£fng den m d i loai 20 gam. D e m bach bp nghien thanh
b6t, d d nildc soi v a o de trong 20 p h u t , cho du'cfng d e n ff^^
vao, u d n g thay tra. » ' v - i .
Cong d u n g chvfa t r i : Chtfa h o n h u a n p h d i . ' T
C h i i y : Phifdng tra n a y c h i i t r i d6'i v d i n h i i n g ngu:di
bi ho keo d a i , h o ban ngay, h o d o lao p h d i . Bach bp c o n ^Sr!
CO t e n gpi khac la thud'c du'Pc sat. N e n ngat tru'dc k h i cay n a y m a m v a o m u a x u a n v a trildc k h i c h d i h e o v a o m u a t h u , ru'a sach h e t dat, bo r e , d d nildc s o i v a o d u n hoac hap each t h i i y cho d e n k h i cay c h u y e n t h a n h m a u
trang, p h p i k h o , cat t h a n h doan, Sn sd'ng hoac nxidng
l^n. N o CO v i n g p t d i u , dang, c6 the chila h o n h u a n
p h d i , ngvfdi b i h o d i l dpi, h o t r o n g t h d i gian d a i d e u c6 the d u n g . Theo c u d n "DifPc t i n h l u a n " c6 g h i : "Chila nong p h d i , thUcfng k h i , h o , c h u n h u a n i c h p h d i " . N g h i e n ciJu ve dvfcfc l i da c h i ra rang, t r o n g bach bp c6 chiJa h a m lilcfng cha't stemonine, s t e m o n i d i n e , protostemonine, c6 tac d u n g chila h o r o r e t , cd the g i d m cu:dng dp cua he h o h a p t r u n g u'Png, cd tac d u n g tieu diet n h i e u l o a i k i sinh t r u n g t r o n g cP t h e , khd'ng chg' khua'n que gay lao, khua'n que gay bach h a u ,
'khua'n c a u c h u d i , khua'n c a u gay v i e m p h d i , khua'n que
8^y m i l v a cac l o a i na'm tr§n da. N g o a i ra, bach bp c o n
CO the d u n g de chila s d i , v i e m da, b e n h acpet m a n g
trdn, m u d i d o t , la'y cay v a n c o n t\Xai r d i cha sat l e n 55 ^
3. NhOng dicu can ghi nhtf
De de phong b&nh lao phdi can lam may diem du'di day:
Tich c\ic giao due ve v$ sinh than the, lam cho thanh nien hieu du:cfc each thiJc truyen nhiSm va s\X nguy hiem
cua b§nh lao phdi. Giao due tot thoi quen v§ sinh saeh
se la khong dxidc khac nhd dcfm bufa bai. Ddm eiia ngifdi
bi lao phdi phai bi dot hoae tieu huy. < ;
Phdi kiem tra svCc kh6e dinh ki ddi vdi thanh thieu
nien, phat hi$n scfm, each l i sdfm, dieu tri sdm. Ngoai ra, con can kip thdi cho tre sor sinh tiem vacxin phong lao
de ccf the c6 khd nang m i l n dich, gidm sii phat sinh
b§nh lao phdi. , ,.s ,,; , , ,
Khi phat hign cac tri&u chiJng than nhi$t thap, dd mo hdi trdm, ho khan, c6 mau trong ddm, ngtfdi m&t m6i, an it, kem an, v.v... can kip thdi den b$nh vi&n kham. Sau khi da xac nhan la benh lao phdi can lap tufe tien hanh chila benh, ddng thdi phai tang cifdng che d6 dinh dtfdng nham nang cao the chat. Chi can phat hien kip thdi, chiJa tri triet de thi benh lao phdi hoan toan c6 the ehiJa kh6i.
Ngifdi bi benh lao phdi khi 6 nha can tien hanh each
li. Cach l i la bien phap khdng ehe svi" truyen nhi§m cho ngifdi khac. Ngifdi bi lao phdi la can nguyen cua eac benh lao khac. Vi vay nen bd tri ngvfdi b&nh vao mot khong gian rieng biet, chat thdi va do dung cua ngifdi b§nh deu phdi de ridng biet kh6i ngifdi kh6e mai\h.
Cac bien phap cu the la:
(1) Tot nhat la di^a ngifdi benh d phong c6 khong khi
l\Xu thong, day dii anh sang. Neu khong c6 dieu kiSn,
ngifdi benh ed the ngu tai m6t chiee giu^dng rieng, chii y thu:dng xuyen md cila sd de lay gio.
(2) Quan ao chan man ngu^di benh nen thudng xuy§n phcfi ra anh nang de tieu doc, sau khi benh dUcfc chila jfhdi, phong phdi du-gc tien hanh tieu doc triet de. Co
thi dung each dot hoae dung 1-2 thia giam moi met
vuong eho vao Id roi xong khoi, lai lay 3% bot tay trang
riJa saeh hoae 3% nxidc lyzon phun len khap nha va san,
ddng eda chinh va eila sd tu" 1-2 gid.
(3) Ngifdi benh nen han che tiep xiic vdi ngu:di khac, khong du'dc di den ndi edng edng.
(4) Do an, dich ddm, nhilng thu* ma ngifdi benh non phdi du'dc tieu doc, dac biet chii y dich ddm cua ngu'di benh phai khac ra giay hodc khac vao dng nhd, tien hanh dot hodc tieu doc xong mdi du'dc vat di. »
(5) Bien phap each l i tot nhat dol vdi ngu'di bi lao phdi la vao ndi each l i cua benh vi§n chuyen khoa lao phdi, gidm kha nang truyen nhiem vdi ngifdi trong nganh cung nhu' vdi ngu'di khac, ed Idi eho gia dinh va xa hdi.