, David Heidhues Mary Somers (dir.)
19 nha nuac rna can gop phc1n giai quySt t&t van dS dan tQc, tin ngu5ng, tongiao v&n lau nay
dan gian.
8. T§ng lop xii hQi truy~n thBng eua nguM Cham
Trong qua tanh hInh thanh va phat tri~n, cQng d6ng tQc ngum Cham da trill qua nhiSu buac thang trc1m cua Iich SU, do do, sv biSn dQng trong xa hQi Cham la diSu kho tranh khoi. M~c dc1u
v~y, nhfrng ding lap ca ban cua xa hQi truySn th6ng tmac day vfin can t6n t~ kha 1'5 net a trong cQng d6ng ngum Cham Ninh Thu~n va Blnh Thu~n, rna tieu bi~u nhat la tc1ng lap chuc s~c
222 Hi~n d;:ti va d9ng thai eua truySn o'Vi~tNam:
8.1. Tang lOp chuc stic Hahlau Janang (aw kaok)
Day Ta~~fnIg1ap' ch~c. s:~ Ut ~ng I?p n~~ ngu,Oi ho~t dQng trong IInh v\tc tam linh (yang I.flnrru_'
~l lyn c 0 toan the cong dong nguOi Cham (bao). , h . . h'
Awal,vG Ahier) d~ th\tc thi nhfrng nghi thuc IS nghi IS tuc}''' go; ca, at n Nom ~Qng
dOi song tam linh cua cQng d6ng. ' ' . ... len quan en tm nguang ton giao
Tuy thea muc dfch va d6i wang phun ' h ' " . , J.
sa~c kh' h T' ' , ' g s\t rna c ung t01 co the tam phan Ioai ra ca'c gl'O'!"
ac n au Uti chun 'b" .,. h' ' "
Awal, hahlauj~na;1g PaSe%'Ac~er~~a~~~u~a~~n~a~J:~h~~7a~~:~~~;g ~~:h~r:~;~au janang • ~ahla~ j~nang ~"car AwalIa giOi cI:,uc s~c do cQng d6ng Awal ti~n cu. GiOi ch' • ~ahla~ j~nang ~"car AwalIa giOi cI:,uc s~c do cQng d6ng Awal ti~n cu. GiOi ch'
~~uco trach nhlym th\tc f.. hi~n C~? Ie nghi cung bill va c~u nguy~n lien quan d~~
t ahh (~llah, }hu911g de). Ngoat ra, hQ con duqc phan cong chu trl cac IS cuOi v'
ang c 0 cQng dong AwaL a
• ~ahla~ ja!lang ~~seh Ahier Ia giOi chuc s~c do cQng d6ng Ahier ti~n cu. GiOi chu t
na~ co trach nhly~ th\tc hi~n cac IS nghi cun Mi va C&U n " ." f.. c sac
Depatathuer (vi than cai tq a coi trOi), Po Ina ~agar (vi th~n ;:y~a~~1 qua~ den Po
P~tao (vua chua), Yang Dang Dih (vi th~n cai quan d~t' dai va d~~ tMp) t ~~a~!, Ya~g
con duqc phan cong chu trl cac IS tang cho cQng d6ng Ahier. . Oat ra, Q
· ;~:u ~:~~~:~~c l~~~~~~~:~~~~ ~i~e~g~~~:~;8nG~~~h:S~o ~~b~6v:~~
AC;::Zl~~j~~~/! thanh). H9 duqc phan cong chu trl cac IS Rija cho ca hai cQng d6ng
• H~hlau !~nang Gr~ "ura~g I~ giOi chuc s~c do Gru pataow ti~n cu. GiOi chuc s~c na '
~~~~hX~l~:gt~~~ :y;a~~cU~e)n~i cusnghMi va. c&u nguy~n lien quan d~n Po Ina N:g~~ . . ac, .lang a Palm - Yang Sah P'" (Sh' . h). , . . ac, .lang a Palm - Yang Sah P'" (Sh' . h). ,
t~o ra muon 10m) GiOi h' ~ , " ." aJang N lva -V! t an sang
suc kho " . , c uc sac nay co. trach nhlym th\tc hi~n cac Ie nghi lien quan d~n
ca th~ b~n~a ~~~~,a~~a~~ ~~~h~? COtht~e th\tc hi~n mQt s6 phap thu~t du6i ta rna, tAy g9i " am an v.v ... " am an v.v ...
Noi chung, tuy thea d6i tuang thO" h A " '
Awluah, Po Yang hay Po Nabi) rna' . ,. h,cun~g d~y ca~ nguyyn thu9c vi than nao (vf d\l: Po
h." " glO'! C uc sac am trach phung su c' . th
A d' N , ,
n tym phan cong cac tang 1ft d~ th\tc hi~n. . . ac V! an 0 se co trach
AWAL POAWLUAH POBARGINA
(nfr tinh) (thu911g d~) PONABI Dawet TukSading Cahya . Parmata Po Tang Po Gilau PoThar PoHarumCek . zl va ton giao PO YANG (vi thAn)
PO DEPATATIillER Yang Sah Palai Yang Dang Dih
Y Atau
PO~ANAGAR Yang Sah Pajang
>
Y Patao
223
Nhu tren da trlnh bay, m~c du m6i M th6ng chuc s~c d~u co vai tro va vi trf khac nhau. trong qua trlnh ti~n hanh th\tc hi~n cac nghi thuc, nghi IS lien quan d~n tin ngu6ng cQng b6n h~ th6ng chuc s~c tren luon Iuon ph6i hqp v6i nhau mQt cach cMt che d~ th6ng nhilt vi~c th\tc hi~n vai tro, nhi~m V\l va su m~nh cua minh. Thong thuang phan thea vung cu tru th\tc hi~n cac nghi IS thea yeu cAu cua tUng vung. Vf d\l: a khu v\tc Ninh Thu~n, nm ph\lng thO' tiSn h[mh cac IS hQi, IS nghi, IS t\lc hi~n nay duqc chia thanh 10 dan vi. Trong do g6m co 7
sang magik (thanh duang) va 3 bimong kalan (d~n tMp) rna cQng d6ng nguOi Cham ~ tinh Thu~n thuang hay gQi la "tijuh hahlau, klau bimong". Ngoai ra, m6i lang thuang d~u co
J(}.Il,UUI\, (d~n thO') ho~c Sang Po Yang (nha thO' th~n) cua Palei (lang).
Can cu van m6i dan vi thO' phvng a tren, trong cQng nguOi Cham thuang t6 ~huc nhfrng IS , I~ nghi, IS t\lc khong dinh ky hay thea dinh ky h&ng nam duOi s\t ban b~c th6ng nh~t chung
toan vung. S\t th6ng nh~t nay duqc th~ hi~n qua s\t qui dinh ngay thang va s\t phan cong tnich thea tUng khu v\tc.
Vl v~y, sau ba nam (d6i vOi vung Ninh Thu~n) ho~c mQt nam m9t IAn (d6i vai vung Blnh ) toan vung nguOi Cham t6 chuc mQt ky D~i hQi IOn gQi Ia IS hQi Suk Yeng d~ chu~n hoa I~ ) toan vung nguOi Cham t6 chuc mQt ky D~i hQi IOn gQi Ia IS hQi Suk Yeng d~ chu~n hoa I~
ngay thang th6ng nh~t toan vung thea Iich Sakawi Ahier8 va Sakawi Awaz9. Nhan dip nay danh gia tbng k~t vi~c th\tc hi~n cac IS t\lC va cac IS nghi cua cac h~ th6ng chuc s~c a cac dan vi trong ba nam qua hay mQt nam qua. M\lc dfch cua vi~c danh gia nay Ia nh&m ch~n chinh, M.o t6n va phM huy nhfrng phong t\lC t~p quan truy~n th6ng t6t dyp cua dan tQc, d6ng thOi, can cu tren ca sa da tbng k~t danh gia d~ di~u chinh l~i mQt s6 t~p quan nh&m kip thOi thfch ling v6i tinh hlnh xa hQi
m6i va thOi d~i mOi.
8.2. Tang lOp dan thU'irng Giheh (aw juk)
Tfing lap dan thuang Ia tAng lap qu~n chung dong dao 6 ngoai h~ th6ng chuc s~c, co nhi~m
V\l ph\lng s\t cho tAng lap chuc s~c nhu t6 chuc cac IS nghi, IS hQi lien quan d~n cQng d6ng, lang xa, t9c hQ va gia dinh ho~c quyen gop tai chfnh d~ xay dvng hay tu b6 nhfrng ca sa tin ngu5ng ton giao, d6ng thOi tham gia ph\lc dich cac cong vi~c lien quan d~n tfn ngu6ng ton giao cua gia dinh, dong hQ, lang xa.
Ngay nay, t~ng lap dan thuang g6m co hai giOi: giOi trf thuc va giOi nong dan. D~c di~m va tinh cach cua giOi trf thuc va giOi nong dan co s\t khac bi~t nhau Wang d6i kha nhi~u.
8 Sakawi Ahier la m9t lo~i Ijch am duong, m9t nam gbm c6 12 tMng Hnh theo ehu kY eua h~ m~t trang. Trong m9t ehu kY 8 nam c6 3 nam nhufin, m6i nam nhuAn them 1 thEmg.
9 Sakawi Awa/la m9t lo~i Ijch am, m9t nam gbm c6 12 thang Hnh theo chu kY eua h~ m~t trang. Trong m9t chu kY 8 nam e6 3 nam nhuAn, m6i nam nhuAn them 1 ngay.
224 th6ng o· Vi~t Nam: NhG'ng each ti