V6i vi trf dia ly thu~n lqi, l?i co 5 tinh cao nguyen d~t d6 bazan, chiSm qua nua di~n tich cua
viing, thieh hgp vm eae lo?i cay nang nghi~, d~e bi~t Ii! eae lo?i cay eang nghi~p, vm h<m 3 tri~u
ha rimg tlf nhien eo nhi~u lfun th6 slm qu9, eho phep eae nganh kinh doanh Va khai thae rimg pMt trien, Tay Nguyen Iii vlIng llinh thil e6 nhi&' ti~m nang d~t rimg IOn han b~t eu noi dau tren ea
nuac.
Tir sau ngay giai phong dSn nay, thlJc hi~n chuang trlnh phcit trien kinh ts _ xa hQi Tay Nguyen, Nhii nu6c dli diiu tu nguan ngan saeh kha IOn eho vi(!c xay d\Il1g C(J sa h? tfuJg va phat trien kinh t~ xii h~i. DS khai th~e tiem nang va th~ ill\lflh Tay Nguyen, phlin bd l<ri eu dim trong ea
nuac Chfnh phu da t6 chuc di dan dSn Tay Nguyen de gilli quYSt v~n d~ luang thlJc thlJc phfun va phat trien cay cong nghi~p. DSn cu6i th~p men 80 cua thS ky XX, thlJc hi~n dUOng 16i D6i m6i kinh t~, khi Lu~t Dill dai mm nfun 1993 fa dm, song song vm lui\ng di dan eo til ehUe Iii di dan ljr
do ngay cang gia tang v~ quy mo va s6 luqng.
1.1. Di dan co ta chuc (DDCTC)
Nhfun khai thae tien, nang vii th~ m\lflh rult dai eua Tay nguyen, tir nira eudi th?p nien 70, Nha nu6c dii ban hanh ba ehinh saeh IOn v~ di dan xay d\Il1g viing kinh til mm vm eae n~i dung:
- Di dan xay d\Il1g eae nang lfun tmlmg qude doanh vm phu<mg thue tUYSn eh9n lao d~ng
mang theo gia dinh.
- Di dan thanh l~p cac hQ'P tac xa, t~p doan san xu~t chuyen tir d~u tu phan tan sang d~u tu mQt s6 vling tr~mg diem.
- DfuJ th~p nien 90, Nhii nu6c ban hanh ehinh saeh mm thay th~ eho ehinh saeh tren Iii Quy~t
djnh 116lIDBT. N~i dung di diln thoo viing dll 1m, dfuJ tu eo t(lv trung, tr9ng diSm dang b9.
va kinh d 29
, 'han nam cac tinh Tay Nguyen tiS~ nh~n cu
, tnxong cua D~ng ya N~a nu~c, A ~6n bao cac tinh duyen hai mien Trung: e~~u yi\u a eae dnh d~ng biing Bae_ !9ditu (~976-1980): dan kinh ti\ mm I~n t~l A nh me rQng khap trong 5 na A f.. t6c do di dan khong hqp lY',cac dan m? 10 nam tiSp thea (1981-1999! nh~n thh~y 260000 nguOi khong tfnh so b6
Trong , A f.. 10 ~ m ChI nhan t em . ,
han chS tiep nh?n" suo: Ana dA h A~ h~n tham chi co tinh chu two;ng ~gu:lg
h'" leY D6i m6i, toc d9, nh?n ~~ c ? , , '~ . 1990 dSn 1997 v6i so dan tlep
s~ngdt, '" kinh t.\ mai v~n tiep t?e tn~n kh~. tu, n~m hue diln Tay Nguyen Iii 720.874 Cac lem " TI'nh den nam f.. ~ 2002 tong so dl dan co to c ,
000 ngU01.
Di diin f!t'do "' _ " . Ta N u en trong nhung th~p nien glin
, DID) la hi~n tuqng xa h91 d~~ blyt a , ~ hg
r!DTD 6 at vai quy mo Ian n~u dan l\l do,(O Hch sir Tay Nguyen l<ri dlen ra qua tnn.. a Nha nuac d~ fa.nhieu
.?a~g:~:C~:g ~u~e Dbi mm dfit ny6c ~iim 198~~ k;~~7 ~ua mnh di dAn ehung .ta
blyt ," kinh tS - xa hoi phat tnen Tay Nguy. A' , tof..
c do khac nhau. Di dan
" h phat tnen . DID - g co quy mo v a . ,
~ae eae thIYi diolm khac nhau, hi~n tugng D . ~ 1976 d&. euiii th~p nien 80 lit gim d,,-~n
va? A en co th~ chia lam ba glaI do?n. '~t6i dinh cao van nhfmg nam
den Tay Nguyf.. f.., th A nien 90 la giai do?n cao trao, 0 ?t h hS DDTD cua
d" . tlr 1990 den CUOl ?P, , h A . lai do chu twong ?n c .
-"':997 va giai do;m 1998 den,nar7~~~9~~ ~a~~ di~n 1757 ngay 1~14I1997, cac eh!:;~
hu thea chi thi 660tITg ngay, , xn cua cac Bo, Ban, nganh Trung uon?, "
p 287mg cua Chfnh phu cling ca~ huong da, , nguye~ nhan kMc nhu ca phS rot gla,
~ 'A ". yet DDTD va cac " d ' DDTD
h· , UBND cac tinh ve VlyC gmt qu 'U01' . Kinh ghim xuong thl ong ,
t lcua ' d ' DDID cua ng , Oi
.
. Gc·•.u a, Ca ~~~~!~~~\~il~osb:ol!~~f ~~~a :ki~;hgtl' ~m xk~a °h~7 :~~;~9 ~~tg~~~~~~t~~;;:; ~~:hGn;:<)'C
. " A n nhan n e - . Phi fnh Ha lang.
H'mong l?i tang len ngoaI ~guy~ ~ 1989 dong nh~t la huy~n Hoang Xu . , 1 d T' Lanh
).. ,f.. " H'mong tu nam ~ _ " H'mong thea ?o m
tKruhYO~:gbagi~:nn~~; nam 90, xu~t hi~~ la!, dOCnh~?io t~'OdnAagyn~fugnng;~am vi~c mQt ngay phaikhd~<)'c
' f.. l' , vm nuac u a . , , , ~ hanh ong
"vao Tay Nguyen smh song a ;ra~" 'd' d' ngum di dan tlJ do ngay cang tang n 300.000 d6ng, ~u a~ cho c~ tha~g : ~~h ~~ ~~ggia (NguySn Thi Bich Ha, 2002, .l00).
th~ ki~m soat noi, ke eft nhung h9 co A f.. h" d'" cu6i nam 2002 la
' , TA N uyen den t 01 lem
' To"ng him tai li~u th6ng ke so DD~ ~aDo", a m
y
01" (g1990 _ 2002) la 114.947 hQ v6i ~56:08~
Yt' , d' , thm leY Ol , , 'lA A ho co
160.256 h~, 784.936 kh",:; tro~g ?". h" ky 1976-2002. Rieng tlnh Dac U~ ty. 5 so h' ,
khfiu chiSm 76% tong so khau cua ca : 01 A N A D~c ric la tinh c6 dleu ki~n tv n len DDID chiSm 48,3% t6ng s6 he> tren toan Tay , hgut~e~g' t6t la luc hut ngu6n di dan den day.
'A , 'h'A nguOi thua, ca sa ? a I . ,
thui\n 1Qi, dilt J'Qng va phi n leu, , ' N 'n laJ 505.810 nguai.
~ DCTC dSn nam 2002 toan Tay g~ye . f.. A N en
Nhu yay nSu tinh ca DDTD va D , ~ dA f.. tu nhien da dua tong dan ~o Tay ,guy
. , f.. A " su gla tang an so" " " 'h A 'a hOI trong
S\I gia tang dan so ca h9C c9n,~ v~ " , don nhi€u mat den SlJ phat tnen kin te _ x . df.. en nam ~ 2007 l' 47 trieu ngu01 da co tac . g a , . A" .
, , . A ' , t" nguyen mOl truang. . ,
do eo VII'C suy glam ill • , , , d' d'n tu do, trang kh. do
' A A K h chiem tren 2/3 tong so 1 a . h"
Qua bang th6ng ke cho thay, dan t9c l~" f.. h' BaC,c nhu Tay Nling, H'mong, Dao, T aI,
"'dAtActhleusopla , ,. eng
cac dan tQc thi~u s6 ch~yeu ~a c:c an 6 "22 5%. Di dan dSn Tay N,guyen cling v~ SlJ ~ A MuOng chua dSn 1/3 tong so dan DC!, v~ 1976la 12 trieu ngum den nam 2007 la 4,~ tn~u
dan s6 tu nhien da lam gia tang dan so t~ n~~ dA tlr 22ng~0i/ km2 len dSn 85 nguOi/km . Toc nguOi, t~ng gAp 3,9 l~n va lam gia tang m?t 9 cu an
30 Hi~n o{li va oQng thai cua a Vj~t Nam: Nhu'ng each
d<) tang dan s6 blnh 9uan 6%/nan: th~ kY 1989 -19~9, m<)t t6c d<) vm/t qua gim h?n cho (duai 3%/nam) rna to chuc Dan so the gim dIT khuyen cao. S\1' gia tang dan di cu dIT dua phfin dan t<)c tir 15 dan t<)c nam 1976 len d~n 46 dan t<)c hi~n c6 a Tay Nguyen lam thay d6i tranh thanh phfin dan t<)c.
Do k~t qua cua qua trlnh di dan, hi~n tm/ng c<)ng cu xen cai giua cac dan t<)c ban dia nguOl Kinh va cac dan t<)c thieu s6 mi~n nui phfa B~c di Clf ngay cang ph6 bi~n hon. Uy vf tinh D~c ric: Ea Sup la huy~n dan di cu chi~m 90,8%, Krong Bong cru~m 75,2%, Eaka chi~m
63,8%, Krong No, Mdrak chi~m 50%. Bay huy~n con l?i dan di cu chi~m ill 35% d~n gfin 50%. NguOl Kinh chu y~u s6ng t?P trung a thanh ph6, thi tdn, gfin duemg giao thong va phan b6 r<)ng
kh~p mQi nm. Cac dan t<)c thieu s6 mi~n nui phfa B~c thuemg cu tr6 a vung sau, vung xa, vung dat rUng de lam ray.