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ji^l^f 80 5 2014 DtfUvaHpC • • — — • • / , \ C A V •SAY Doi mofi quan If giao due dai hoe Viet Nam dap uHg nhu eau xa iioi ThS NGUYEN VAN THANG Pho Trudng Khoa Giao dye Chinh tri, Tru6ng pai hpe Su ph[.]
80 5-2014 ji^l^f- ••—— • • DtfUvaHpC _ / , \ C A V •SAY Doi mofi quan If giao due dai hoe Viet Nam dap uHg nhu eau xa iioi ThS NGUYEN VAN THANG Pho Trudng Khoa Giao dye Chinh tri, Tru6ng_pai hpe Su pham Hue ThS NGUYEN TRUNG TRIEU Khoa Dai cUdng, TrUdng Cao dang SU ph$m Trung Udng Nha Trang Tom tat: l-lien nay, md rdng giao Idu, hdp tac giao due cang trd nen bien gap phin quan trpng vAo mijc ti§u phat triSn vi nSng cao chit lifdng quan ly giao due Xu hildng hoi nhap, Hen kit da ngknh, da phUdng ci nude vi qu6c tS li nhu cau thiSt ySu cOa cac tnjdng dai hoc d Viet Nam Ket qua cOa viec md rdng lien ki't, hdp tac ITnh vUc giao due dao tao trd dgng lUc thOc day giao dtic die ta^o dsii hoc Vi§t Nam thdi gian qua dap iUng duac nhu ciu phat trien cCia xa hoi Tuy nhien ben c$nh nhOng kSt quit tich ct/c thi h§ thong quin /y giao due dai hoc cua Viet Nam hien cong kenh, chong cheo, kem hieu qua Vi vay, dinh gia th\fc tr^ng quin 1^ giao due dai hoc Viet Nam, xay dUng phUdng hUdng dam bao tinh thong nhat quan 1^ giao due d$i hoc dap ij/ng yeu cau doi mdi giao due Viet Nam hien la het sUc can thiet ve 1^ luan vi tht/c tiin TCf khoa: D^i mdi quin /y, giao due dai hoc, nhu cSu xa hoi I THI/C TRANG QUAN LY GIAO DUG DAI HpC VI|T NAM Thye hien Chien lUdc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 2011-2020 va t^m nhin 2030, nhQng nam gan day giao due dai hpc cCia Viet Nam da c6 nhieu bUdc chuyen bien t'ch eUe ea ve chat va lUdng Tren cd sd sy thong nhat eao ve quan ly giao dye dao t^o, nhieu cai each giao due toan dien, c6 tinh dot pha, nhat la cong tac quan ly giao dye dai hpc da g6p phan rat Idn vao viec thyc hien cac muc tieu cd ban cua chien lUdc phat triln giao dye Viet Nam, la: (1) dam bao sy binh dang va sU cong bang eho moi cong dan xa hoi; (2) dam bao sy dau tu Idn va dai h^n chien tudc chung cua dat nude; (3) dam bao tfnh lien tyc va tinh ke thQa ve tri tue cCia nen giao dye Xa hoi Chij nghTa; (4) dam bao tinh thong nhat cua ca he thong giao due toan quoc; (5) dam bao tfnh d6c lap tu ehu eua giao dye Viet Nam ViSc thyc hien nam muc tieu tren nham lam cho he thong giao dye Viet Nam, c6 giao dye dai hpc dong gop cong lao rSt Idn vao su nghiep nang eao dan trf, dao tao nhan lyc, b6i dUdng nhan tai, tao nguon nhan lyc dam bao sy phat trien cao, ben vQng trf tue Viet Nam xu the hdp tac va cgnh tranh gay gat tren binh dien quoc te hien Trong nhQng nam qua, trUdc yeu cau cua thUc tien, ben canh he tho'ng giao dye dao tgo dai hpc cong lap dgi tra, bien, da CO sy xua't hien eang nhilu he thong giao due dao tao dpi hpc dSn lap tu thyc; b§n c^nh cac trUdng dai hpe quoc gia, dai hpc vung c6n xuat hien cac trUdng dai hpc dia phUdng; dac biet la xuat hl^n cang nhilu cac cd s5 giao dye dao tgo dai hpc c6 yeu to nUdc ngoai tai Viet Nam thong qua viec chung ta md cCfa thi trUdng giao dye dao t^o d^ii hpc theo cac cam ket vdi To chQc ThUdng msil The gidi (WTO) Viec phat trien eang nhieu cac cd s6 giao dye dai hpc Viet Nam thdi gian qua da giai toa sQc ep ve dao tao, tao sU c^nh tranh cong bang viee dao tao nguon nhan lyc e6 chat lUdng cao cho xa hpi Chinh sy csinh tranh giao dye dao tao d^i hge da gdp phan tfch eye vao viec md rpng va phat trien he thong cac trUdng dai hoe den tan cac dja phUdng va tren pham vi toan quoe, Noi dung chUdng trinh dao tpo dai hpc da dUdc chTnh \^, sQa doi theo hudng tranh each dao tao chuyen mon hep, kieu liep thu kien thQc c6 tinh han lam nhUng l^i nh? ve kien thQc thye tien San pham cua he thong cac trudng dai hpc la nhQng sinh vien trUdng cd ban dap Qng dUdc nhu cau cua xa hpi va xu the phat trien nhanh cCia khoa hpc cong nghe tren the gidi hien Tuy nhien, sU phat trien c6 tinh "nd rp" he thong cac ed sd giao dye dgi hpe cong lap vdi dan lap, tu thyc; dpi hpc quoc gia vdi dai hoe vung, dai hpc dja phUdng; dgi hpc nUde vdi ed sd giao dye dao tgo dai hpc eo yeu to nUdc ngoai da tao nen sy chong cheo, Ion xpn, khong tho'ng nhat gay khd khan cho cong tac quan ly giao dye dsii hpc va xa hdn la khong dam bao chat lUdng san pham dao tao Bieu hien ci!ia sU khdng thong nhat quan ly giao due d^i hpc d ViSt Nam thdi gian qua d mot s6' diem cd ban sau day: ThLl nhat, chUa cd svf thong nhat ve chi/dng trinh, ngi dung dao tao M6i mot ed sd giao due dao tao xay dyng mot khung ChUdng trinh rieng dya tr&n dieu kien dac thCi cCia minh n&n DatUvaHpC so 5-2014 s * :rii{fHStS*-W' mmm: ^ eau trtJc hpc phan so tin ch? khong tUdng thfch vdi Do ngu can bo giang vien c6 trinh dp cao, so' lUdng nhieu.,.), cac dd, sinh vien chuyen trUdng hoac thi tiep hpc them mot trUdng dpi hoc to'p tren nhU: Dpi hpc quoc gia Ha Npi, Dai hpe bang dai hpc thQ hai khong the chuyen diem thay the Ddn quoe gia Thanh Ho Chi Minh, hoac cac dai hpc vung cCt nhu B^i hpe Quoe gia Ha Noi, Thanh Ho Chf Minh nhu: Dpi hpc Thai Nguyen, Dpi hoc Hue, Dpi hpc Da nlng c6 khong ch^p nhan bang dai hoc Tieng Anh ma phai la chQng kha nang lien ket, md rpng mpng IQdi dao tao Irong nUdc va ch? B I , B2 Tieng Anh theo khung tham chilu cua Chau Au nudc ngoai do ap lyc dau vao cua cac trudng khong xet tuyen dau vao Nghiln cQu sinh quy dinh ciia Idn, Trong d6, eae trUdng dpi hpe dia phUdng khong dii Bp Giao dye va Dao tao la dUdc Hoac eo mot sd sinh vien sQe hut do'i vdi sinh vien nen ehiu ap IQc cpnh tranh rat idn hge mot luc hai trUdng dpi hoc, diem ciia m6n hoe khong thudng khdng canh tranh noi vdi eae trudng dpi hpc qu6'e gia, dUdc cong nhan thay the d trUdng khae mon hpc dai hpe vung nen hang nam van d l tuyen sinh khong dti chi c6 cung ten gpi va so tin ch? lieu, nguy cd dong cQa nganh hoc la rat cao, De do'i vdi Thd hai, chUa c6 sy thong nhat va chinh xac ve ten nguy od nay, cac trudng dai hpc dia phUOng diing sQc ep eCia go! dai hoc quoc gia, dpi hpc vung, dai hpc dja phi/cfng Uy ban Nhan dan thong qua sd giao dye, ban nganh d t?nh UU Sy khong thd'ng nhat ve ten gpi, each gpi d i n d i n kho tien nhan ho sd cCia sinh vien tot nghiep d cac trUdng dpi hpc khan cong tac quan ly hanh ehinh Tinh trpng trUdng dia phUdng trUde, cac trUdng dpi hpc quoc gia, dpi hpe trUdng, vien trUdng la kha bien Vi&c ton tpi vCing xep sau gay nen tinh trang cue bp dia phUdng, bo s6t nhieu cap hanh chfnh trung gian vQa eong kinh, kem hieu nhan tai, chay mau chat xam, qua; vQa tang them ganh nang chi phf Vf dy nhU Dpi hpc II MOT SO PHl/flNG HU6NG DAM BAG TINH THfiNG Hue la dpi hpc vung, bao gom trudng dpi hpc vien NHAT TRONG DOI MCll QUAN LY GIAO DUG DAI HQC Khi giao dich hanh chfnh, nhat la vdi nUdc ngoai ngUdi ta ch? cong nhan Dpi hpc Hue la trudng dpi hpe, e6n eac trUdng dpi DAPffNGNHUCAUXAHOI Muon CO mot n l n giao dye Viet Nam phat tnen lanh manh hpc vien Dpi hpc Hue nhU; Dpi hpc Su pham, Dai va hieu qua dap Qng yeu cau doi mdi giao dye boi canh hpc Khoa hpe Dpi hpe Y dUdc, Dpi hpc Nong Lam khong hpi nhap quoc te hien can phai c6sy thong nhat ve quan dUdc gpi la dai hpc \^ giao dye dao tpo, nha't la quan ly giao dye dao tpo dpi hpe ThiH ba, chUa c6 sU thong nhat ve phan cap quan ly Bdi le, da c6 sQ tliong nhat ve tu nhan thUe; tho'ng giao dye daotjio nha't v l mye tieu, li* tudng ta'l yeu se di den thd'ng nha't ve TQ trade den nay, tren the gidi da cd nhieu quan diem hanh dong va la cd s6 ci!ia dUdng di den cong khac ve mo hinh quan ly giao dye dai hpe Tuy nhien, Vdi y-nghTa dd, de dam bao tinh thong nhat quan ly giao dye da so eac quan diem dIu xoay quanh viec phan chia, xac dpi hpc dap Qng yeu cau dpi mdi giao dye Viet Nam hien nay, dinh chile nang quan ly giao dye dpi hpc theo cap; cap Bp theo Chung toi can thyc hien lot cac phUdng hUdng sau day: - Chinh phu (cap tren); cap TrUdng (cap giQa) va ca'p Khoa ThLinhat, doi mdi ve tUduy nhan thQc Bp mon (ea'p dUdi) Viet Nam, trUdc c6 Luat Giao dye Can dcpn tuyet vdi tU mang nang tfnh gia trudng, san (1998), mo hinh quan ly giao dye dpi hpc theo kieu "nang xuat nhd, cue bp dia phUdng, tri tre, bao thu va kem hieu qua tren" He thong giao dye phu thupc vao chfnh sach giao due Can xay dUng tU mdi trfen tinh than hdp tac xay dyng, cua cap tren theo kieu menh lenh" cac nha giao due phai lam the nay, phai lam nhU the kia" TQ sau c6 Luat Giao dye cpnh tranh phat trien ve hieu qua va chat lUdng ThtJ hai, d^m bao thong nha't ve noi dung chUdng (1998), chu trUdng thiet Ipp m6 hinh quan ly giao dye theo kieu "nang giQa", quy djnh quyen ty chCi va ty chju traeh nhiem trinh dao tao Ra seat, danh gia npi dung chUdng trinh dap tao dai hpc eua eae ed sd giad dye dpi hpc Tuy nhien, qua hdn 10 nam thUe hien mo hinh van ehUa thye sy dUdc xac lap va chUa d ta't ca cae cd sd giao dye nUdc cung nhU cae cd sd dac tpd nUdc c6 yeu to' nUdc ngoai Dac biet, Bp Giao dye phat huy hieu qua Cd che tap trung bac ca'p, quan lieu van edn an sau tiem thiJe cQa nhilu can bp quan ly- giao dye va Dao tao can xay dyng va then khai cd che hdp tac, trao doi thong nhat vdi eae Dpi hoc qud'c gia Ha Npi, Thanh Ho d nhieu cap, vi vay quyin ty chu cija cac cd sd giao dye dpi hpc v I n chUa dUde thye Ihi dOng nghTa Ngay den thiet che cd Chi Minh nham nang cao hieu qua quan \^ giao dye dao tpo dpi hpc ca yeu to dau vao Ian san pham dau dap Qng nhu ban cua no la viee lap "Hpi dong giao dye nha trUdng" eau cang eao cua xa hpi va cong tac khao thf, dam bao chat lUdng giaddyc, tra giao dye van chUa dUdc hinh day du, dong bp va nhat Thtl ba, thong nhat phan cap quan ly nham nang cao la hoat dong cCia n6 chua thyc sQ hieu qua Viec xuat hi§n chat lU^ng, hieu qua giao dgc dao tgo dai hpc qua nhieu lopi hinh cd sd giao dye dao tao lam eho cd quan Can thoat khoi tinh trpng quan ly kieu cu "eha ehung khong chu quan la Bp Giao dye va Dao tpo khong bao quat het dan khoe, nhieu sal khong dong ci!ra ehua", "manh den tinh trpng xe rao, vuyt rao viec md ma nganh dao dUdc" Bp Giao dye va Dao tao, eae Hpc vien, Vien can tpo, tang ch? tieu vuyt qua kha nang cua minh, Tham chi tham mUu cho Chfnh phu thyc hien viec phan ca'p quan ly nhieu cd sd giao dye dao tpo dpi hpc chUa dCi giang vien ed m6t each hieu qua Chung ta c6 the tham khao m6 hinh quan trinh dp, giang vien khong dung chuyen nganh v i n tim mpi ly giao dye dpi hpe ciJa cac nUdc tren the gidi de c6 the xay each md Idp tuyen sinh dao tao dyng chp minh mot mo hinh quan ly toi uu Viet Nam nen lUa Thi2 tit, cpnh tranh khong lanh mpnh giCTa cac trudng chpn md hinh quan ly giao due dpi hpc theo kieu "nang giQa va nang dUdi" ThUe hien m6 hinh nay, 86 chCi quan - Nha d«ii hQC nUdc (cap tren) ehi nen tap trung vao quan ly vT m6, chuyen Hien nay, c6 nhilu Uu the ve nang lUc canh tranh ( b l vai tro tQ kiem soat giao dye sang giam sat giao dye, Quyen day Ijch sir, he thong cd sd vpt chat, trang thiet bi hien dpi, dpi 'wr^ ty chO d6 giao cho tap the dpi dien eho nha trudng la "Hoi dong khoa hpe" ehU khdng phai giao quyIn cho mot minh hieu trudng Hieu trudng cac trUdng dpi hpc vCfa phai tuan thCi cac quy dinh cCia Bo chu quan - Nha nUde, dong thdi phai chap hanh eae quyet dinh cua "Hpi dong khoa hpc" nha trUdng hpi dong thuc thi quyen ty chij phpm vi eac quy che, chinh sach cCia Bp chO quan - Nha nUde Khoa - Bp mon ma IrUc tilp la doi ngij giang vien ed tieng ndi quyet djnh eong tac chuyen mon (kieu nang dudi), De ddi ngu giang vien phat huy vai trd eua minh, Bp chCi quan - Nha nude, eae trUdng dpi hpc can c6 cd che, chfnh sach nang cao chat lUdng dpi ngu giang vien - dieu kien tien quyet dam bao cha't lUdng giao due dpi hoe, ThUtU, dam baoquyeniyquiin.ty chju traeh nhiem cCia cac trUdng dpi hpc Giao eho cac trudng dpi hpe sy ty thye hien nhiem vy chuyen mon nhUng khong vi the ma cac trUdng dpi hpc quen di traeh nhiem, nghTa vy cua minh vdi ket qua dao tpo eho xa hpi.- Bdi vi, san pham giao dye dao tao cua cac trudng dpi hpc la thudc gia tri, IhUdng hieu, dam bao sU ton Ipi ci!ia cac trudng cd che cpnh tranh, ThU nam, to chUc sap xep hp thong nha trudng dai hpc theo nguyen tac canh tranh va lya chpn To chQe xay dyng he thong nha trUdng dpi hpc ty quan, ty chju traeh nhiem ve ket qua dap tpo cCia minh trudc c6ng chQng theo nguyen tae cpnh tranh va lUa chon se tpo dieu kien cho cae phy huynh va sinh vien eo the chpn dUde trudng dpi hpe tot nhat, Viec ty lya chpn giup cho ngudi hpc cd the dam bao viec theo hoc tai chinh c6 gidi han, DUdc ty lya chpn giao dye se lam cho sy quan lieu khdng c6n dilu kien de phat trien va ngupe lai, lam gia tang dpng cd cho phep chuyen nghiep hoa d nha trudng, Trong thj trUdng giao dye, sy thoa man cCia phy huynh va sinh vien la dilu kien quyet dinh ddi vdi sy ton tpi cCia trudng hpc Vi vay, giao dye dpi hpc dieu kien canh tranh va lya chpn, muon hopt dong c6 hieu qua nha nUde can djnh hUdng eho eac trudng dpi hpc HI KET LUAN Viee thd'ng nha't quan ly la dieu kipn cSn thiet dam bao e6ng cua giao dye dpi hpc dap Qng yeu c l u doi mdi giao dye Dd eung la xu the cua sy eai each quan ly trUdng hpc tren the gidi nhQng thap nien tdi Viec nghien cQu, lya ehpn va thpng nhat xay dyng, phat trien md hinh quan \'