I. DAC DIEM TAM LI CClA NH6M TRE EM C6 HOAN CANH DAC BIST
co nhieu nguy co gap tai hoa hon so vbi cac em ngu vbi gia dinh (hoac nhtfng ngu lang thang ngoaiph6nhungc6 gia dinhcungdi theo).Cacemnay thubng b
matcap, bi danh dap hoac bi “dan anhchi”tr£tnlbt. Cacem thubng nom nbp lo au
vdcube sbng mSft anloan, Cac cm lubn mong mubn mbt su:ydn 6n. Nbi lo sobi
bat, nhSft la khi co chien dich thu gom, khibn cho cac tre em co nhieu phin ling
va thai db khac nhau, C6 nhDng em trbn ki, co em co tliai do khieu khich vi lo lang,combt sbem vd nha tam lanh mot thtridb“chibndich”daqua lai tieptuc di
lang thang.
-Nhu cdudupe“tudo”,“dbc lap”:
Rdt nhibu treem lang thang, buidbi thfchcube sbng “tudo”,“doc lap” mac
ducube sbng db cb thd thibu thbn va dby bbt trac. Nhieu tre bui dbi khbng mubn
tur bo sudoc lgp cua minh de quay vb vbi cube sbng binh thubng nhu nhurng diia
trbkh£c.Quay trb vbdbi vdd chtingladbngngliia vbi vide phai chiu dimgdau kho,
chdn chudng hay de nen, nhbt la khi chung da dam bubc qua bubc ngoat quan
trong va cbn thibtla thoatli khoicubesbngdb rbi.
Khi tre lang thang, bui dbi da chon each sbng lang thang dubng phb la phuongsach tbi uudbi vbi chting thinhibu em khbng the hoackhbng mubn dua ra lbi giai thfch naokhacchodbng cocua chung ngoai viec chung mubn dupe“doc
lap”, “tu do”khbng birang bubc vao gia dinh va cactochurcxa hbima mubn gdn bovbi ban bbdbngcanh.
-Nhucdu tukhang dinh:
Dbi vbitrelangthangthi nhucdu tukhdngdinh the hidn bchbtre mubn tora
minh da cb du kha nang tu kibm sbng, mubn thoat khoi su rang bubc, kiem tra,
giam sat cua gia dinh,cua ngubi lbn,cua xa hbi.Trong quan hd vbi ban be dbng
canh lang thang, tre em thubc loai nay cung lubn to ra minh dbc lap vbi ngubi
khac, khbng phu thubc vao ngubi khde, hoac mubn tre khac chiu “lep vd” hon,
phai phu thubc vao minh, tbnminh lbn Id“dan anh chi”.
Nhu cdu tu khang dinh btre lang thang con the hien bchb chungdam nhdn minh Id ai, to phan bng khb chiu khi ngubi khde to ra thuong hai hoac danh gib. thdp chung.
— Nhucdugiao luu:
Cung nhu moi tre em khac, tre lang thang dubng phb mubn bubc vao mbt
cube sbng “doc lap”, “tu do”. Cac em mubn giao luu vbi ban be cung Ida tubi,
cung canh ngd,di timthiy trongcudc sdng phidu bat,lang thang mot tinh thucmg
ySu, dum boccua nhirng ngubi cung cinh ngd d£ chiase nidm tim tir vdi cac ban
macicem tim th£y bdonidm tinydu vadongcam. Mat khactre lang thang bixd
diy vao nhirng hoan canh eo le, nghidt nga, thieu thbn,kho khan dii di£u, cacem
cang ngai ti£p xuc than tinh vdi ngubi ldn, vdi cic tre em binh thubng khac. Sir
khep kin the gidi tim h6n trong pham vi ndi tam, hoac chi boc 16 n6 trong m6i
“quanhd d6ng bon”lamchocacem dd trbndn xa linh moi ngubi.
Trong moi quan he giao luu phufc tap tren dubng ph6, sd'
tre lang thang dd diing bat chudc,a dua vdi nhimghinh vi trdi quy ticxa hdi (nhutrom cip,trinldt, danh ldn lin nhau...) hoac dd dang tid'p thu nhiJng mat xiu, tidu cue cuadbi sd'ng
xa hoi,cua nhirng phim anh, sich bio thidu van hoa, khieu dam, doi truy. Vi thd'
vide giao luu cua tre lang thang ducmg pho dd danggSy ra nhirng suy thoai, bidn
chit trongtam h6ntretho.
Trdnday la mdts6'
nhuciu tamIf cobanco thd biduhidn6treemlang thang.
Nhirng nhu ciu tim If niy da trbthanh ddng luc hanh vi cua nhom tre nay. Day chua phai la toan bd cac nhu ciu tam If cua trelang thang vitimg nhu ciu tim If ndu trdn co the bieu hien khac nhau b timg loai tre lang thang khic nhau, vdi
nhimgddtudikhic nhau cua tre.
* Nhtfngdac diemtamlichung vabieu hien hanhvi cua tre langthanga)
.
Nhirng dacdiem tamIf chung Bieu hienhanh vi
— Mau thuin giua hinh vi bdn ngoii (co
the la “thong thai theo kidu tre ducmg phd”, hung hang vi khidu khich) vdi ndi
dung bdn trong (nhay cam, budn riu, cam gidc bi hat hui, dau kh6, lo so vi mit
thdngtin).
“Phan khang,
-Hanh vi trai khoay,lam moi thd co
thd sinh t6n-bat nat ngudi khic, trd
nenhung hang, noi doi vaancap(in
gia'u ben trong su hung hang thucmg licam giac khdng antoan va loso).
-Trethucmg ddidiu vdi nhau.
-Diy nghi luc trong videdbimat vdi kho khan.
-Tinh eachurlip.
-Thaovatvisang tao.
-S6indi.
-Suy ngha cdcan nhie. —Bbc ddng, tinh khi thay ddi.
-Hinh vi khdngdoantrudeduqc.
(1)UNICEF,Cam nang lam viecv&itrelang thang (DungchocinbOxahOi lam vificvert trd
emlangthang taicoset).HiN6i,2005.
Bicu hien hanh vi
Nhlimgdacdidm tamlichung
Hoat ddng tinh due bnhiing mire do
cao,bca haidang hoat dbng tinh due
khacgi6ivadonggicfi.
—Thfch phieu liru maohidm.
—Tudoyeu duefng.
—Chu dbngve tinhduetirkhiednnhotu6i.
—Chi taptrung trong mot thefigianngdn.
— Kha nang phan doanco thd bi giam sut do dung chat kich thich/chat gay nghien (trongmbts6truemg hop).
—La ddnh bat chpt.
-Phanling kh6dodn trubc.
- Kh6ng tin tubng vao ngubi lbn vd mbi
truemg cuangubi lbn.
-Y thiicvd sukhbng chdp nhdn cua da s6
trong xa hbi vdminh.
Kh6 khan trong thid'
t lapquan hd,de
dat trong vide xdy dung nhiing mbi quan hd mbi do phai chia tay hoac
mdt mat dua tren nhiing trai nghidm
qua khtf,
—Chan nan va ddtulamhai ban than.
- Khao khat dugfc ydu thuong, dupe au ydmvaquantamchamsoc.
-L6ng tutrongthap.
- Luon nhb den nhiing hanh dbng b£t
congma chung phai ganh chiu.
-Rat nhidu trecamthay cbdon vdmonmbi trbngngongdengib phut doantugia dinh.
Tham gia vdo edebang nhom dd xdydung ede quan he ban be va nhdn dupe sir bao vd: khao khat dupe cac ban d6ng dang chap nhan.
C6 the tham gia vdo nhiing hanh vi pham phap tor nhe den nghiem trong, tuy theo nhung cohbi sSn co va tinh
eachca nhdn cua timg tre.
1.5. Bien phap canthiep, tragiuptre langthang
Dubi g6c dd edng tdc xa hbi,dd can thidp, trp giup tre lang thang chung ta
ednchu y mbtsbbidnphdpsau:
- True tidp can thidp, trp giup tre lang thang ndng cao nang luc, tang kha nang ung pho vakl nang giaiquyd'
t vdndd gapphaitrong cube song hang ngdy cua
ban thdn ede em.Baovdcac emtrude nguycobi lamdung,xdmhaiva boc lbt.
-Giup tre lang thang tidpedn cac cohoi va ngu6n lire hb trpthbng qua cac
chuong trinh gibi thidu dich vu,chuydn giao,truydn thbng,giao due...Chang han, kdu goihoat dbng tinh nguyencuasinh vidn mbtsbtruemg dai hoc, cao dangtrdn
dia bdn c6 tre lang thang mb lbp day hoc van hoa va day ki ndng sb'ng midn phi chotre lang thang vdomdtthefi gianthich hop vbi nhom tre lang thang.
-Van dung ckc phuong phkpcbng tac xa hbi ca nhan, cbng tkcxa hbinhom,
tham vah...dua trbn mbiquan hb tucmg tkc giua nhan vibncbng tkc xa hbi chuybn nghibp vdi dbi tucmg nhkm giuptrelang thang ducmgphbtunhan dibnvan dbcua
minh vk ra quyb'
t dinh hanh dbng phu hop, mang lai gia tri cube song hien tai vk
tucmg lai.
-Vkn dong ckc tbchurc kinh tbxa hbi,ca nhan co longtir thibn vk hbthbng xa hoi chia se tki nguybn, tang them dibu kibn dap ling nhu cku ca ban cua tre
langthang.
-Huemg nghibp vkdko tao nghb chotreem lang thang ducmg phb: Da sbtre
lang thang lao dbng kibm sb'
ng bang nghb ph6 thbng, sir dung sure hao phica bkp la chu ybu. Nhung hinh thirc lao dong nhu danh giay,ban hang rong,nhatrac, phu vibe gia dlnh... thuemg phii hop vdi ckc em khi chua trudng thanh. Nhung cbng vific nhu vkn chuybn, bbc vkc hang hok, phu h6 xky dung...dbi hoi phai c6 sbe
khoe t<5t, nhung thu nhkp lai khong cao.Trelang thang ducmg phbhku nhuIt suy
nghl vachukn bi cho tuong lai xa.Mbt trong nhungnhucku thiet ybucua trelang thang ducmg phbla vide lam,la kiem tibn, nbn hudmg nghibp vk dko tao nghe se giup ckc em c6 nhieu ca hbi thoat khoi canh thibu vibe lam, vibe lam bkp bbnh,
lam tibn db cho mbt cube sbng bn dinh hem. Vibe day nghb se trao quyen chu dbng quyb'
t dinh cube dbi cho chlnh nhung dura tre db, tao dibu kibn cho chung
truemgthanh.
-Dua tre trdve vdi gia dinh,qub huemg vdinhung em cbngia dinh,ho hang rubtthit.
-Tim gia dinh thay thb, tim nguoi dd dku, hoac dua ckc em vko ckc ca sa
chkm sbe db'
i vdi ckc em khbng con nai nuang tua hoac cbnguy ca bi lam dung,
xkmhai khitrdvbgia dinh.