+ Giao due nha tnrcmg giu: vai tro chu dao irong su hinh thanh va phat tnen nhan edeh cua hoc sinh. Nhung trdn there te', do nhieu y£u 16 khac nhau dan d£n
vide m6t s6 nha trucmg ph6 thong buftng long vide quan If hoc sinh.M0t S6 thay
c6 khdng quan tam tim hilu tam li, nhu cdu, nguyen vong cua cic em; chira c6 phircfng phap giupda hocsinh c£ biet (hoc sinhhoc yd'u,nghich ngam...).Do vfiy, tinhtrang hocsinhhu,bo hoc,vi pham phap luat r£tddxay ra.
+ Hidn nay, chuang trinh hoc cr phd th6ng edn r£t nang nd, qua tai 1km cho cac em phai cang sure dd hoc khdng c6n thcri gian danh chovui chai, giai tri. MOt
so em khong theo kip chirong trinh ndn chin hoc, dan den bo hoc... Ti le nhimg
emnay vi pham phap luatla kha ldm.
+ Vi6c giang day kidn thue v6 phap luat 0 cac trucmg phd thdng nhat ia d
ndng thdn, vung sau, vung xa con bi xem nhe. Ndi dung giang day v6 phap luat chua there su thu hut va mang lai hidu qua thidt there. Vi vay, cic em khdng co nhimg kien thurc va kl nang vd phdp luat ndn c6thd v6 tinh vi pham phap luat ma
nhidu em khdng hay biet.
—Nguyen nhanterphfa xa hoi:
+ Do anh hudng cua van hoa phdm mang mau sac bao lire, d6i truy da tac
dong ddn nhan thurc va hanh vi cua ede em, khien cho cac vu vi pham phap luat khdng ngetnggiatang.
+ Do ca che thi trucmg, nhieu nai nhat la cac thanh ph6 1dm thie'
u san choi danh chotreem.Cac em corat it hoat d6ng giai tri lanh manh thay vaodo cacem
sada vaocactrochai thie'u lanh manh,trochcd truetuyd'
n...khi kh6ng c6 tidnsan
sang dan d6'
nviphamphap luat.
+Nhidu nai chua taoduac m6itrucmg dd thu hut cacem vao hoc nghd,chua
cohoac co rat ftcacchuang trinhgidri thidu vide lam vdi thanh thie'
u nidn ndn cac
em khi hoc hdt trung hoccasd dnha anchai,ldu l6ng dSn ddnvi pham phap luat.
3.3.Dac diemtamlicua treem lam trai phap luat
-Tre em lam trai phap luat thudng co tam If chong doi gia dinh, nha trucmg
vaxahoi.
+
-Tam If de bi kfch dong,ngd ngao,adua theo nhimg hiinh vi xducua ngucri ldmnha'
tlacacbang nhom ngoaixa hoi.
-Tre em lam trai phap luat thudmg lucri lao dong,chan hoc va muon bo hoc
-V£ tu duy:tuduy trimtuong cua cic em kem phat tri&i,nangv£ tuduy cu
thd; ydu kem trong phan tfch, danh gia\6 mdtsuvat,hientirong hay sukien trong
aidesdng.
-V6 xuc cam, tinh cam:Tre em lam trai ph£p luat bj xao tron v6 xuc cam,
tlnhcam; suy nghlthidu chin chan; thidugdn bo vdi giadinh nhimglai ratgdn bo
vcic£cnh6m ban haycacbang dang;ddtuai.
-V6 tinheach: Thich maohidu,lilu linh dechungto ban linhcuaminh.Cac
emthuemg nhiim lan ve eachhilu16ng dung cam n6n tuongrang vide gay baolire, dan apngucrikhaciathehienldng dung cam.
-Nhibu emco tarn lihan dcri, bat cSn dan dd'
n hanh vi nguy hiem cho ngudi
khac,coithudng dao li.Sdng chi bid'
thien tai, coi thuftng dao livakhdng nghlddn
tuong lai. Bcri vi cUc em khdng nhan dupesu quan tarn cham s6c cua bd me, phai
tu buon chai d£ kie'm sdng.Khi gap kho khan, tre chi nghl ring cin phai lam bat curdilu gi d^ dambaosut6n tai cua minhma khdng tinh den hauquacua no.Chi
den khi vi pham phapluat tremcri nhan thufc duocdieudo.
- Cac em thuerng nay sinh tarn li mau thuan trong nhan thtre, thai dp va
hanh vi.
-Nhu cau cuatreem lamtrai phap luat: + Nhu ctfu vAt chat:
Phan ldn tre em lam trai phap luat khdng duqrc dap ung nhu cdu vatchat d£
phat trien\6 thd chat va tri tud do cacem sdng trong ede gia dinh khdng c6 dieu
kidn kinh t£. Vi vpy, ede em thudng c6tdm v6c b£ nho, tri tup thua kdm nen co
tarn lituti\6ban than vaganhtivdi nguPi khac.
Bdn canh do con c6 mdt sd em sdng trong didu kidn kinh t6'
rdt d<iy dii. Cac em duoc dap Ung moi nhu cSu mdt each thai qua dan ddn tam li hubrng thu,dua
doi, coithuPng giatridongtibnvagia tri surelaodong.
+ Nhu c£u antoan:
Treem lam trai phap luat nhu cdu an toan khdng dupe dam bao. Cdc em sdng
trong tam trangloso,thidusuche cho,bao vd.
Mot sd em co hanh vi vi pham phap luat la do xudt hien su n6i loam,chdng
ddi nham bao vd ban than.Hoac cac em roi vao trang thaimat thang bang tam li ndndd ndi khiingva co hanh vi chdng ddi xahdi.
+Nhu c£udupetdntrong:
Treem lam trUi phap luat thuPng nhan thurc minh la“ngudithCra” cua xa hdi,
khdng dupe moi nguPi trong xa hdi tdntrong va cha'
pnhan tham chiedn bi xahdi
ldn dn. Vi vdy,cac em thudngnay sinh tam11bdtc^n, khong t6n trongphap luat, khong t6n trong ngirdikhac thdmchi ca chlnhban than chung.Nhimgtrdn thirct T,
trerdt mongdtroc moi ngudichdpnhan va t6n trongminh nhula ngircricoIch cho
xah§i.
Chlnh tam 11ndy da1km chotrelam batctididugi kd ca vi pham phap luatdd thdhien minh,dddirocchapnhan.
3.4. Bien phap can thiSp, trcr giup tre em lam trai phap luat (doi vdi can bo
xahoi)
-Tdn trong cdcem, coi cdc emgidng nhir nhirngtreem binh thirfrng khac.
— Giup tre nhan didn van dd, khai thac tidm nang cua cac em va huy ddng
cac ngudn lire c6ng d6ng dd giup cac em giai quydt van dd viron ldn hoa nhap
cong dong.
-Lam c6ng tac xa h6i nhom: tap hopcac em thanh nh6m nho, phat huy sir
tucmg tac,chia secua cacem trong videtrcrgiup giaiquydt van de.Thdngqua tidn
trinh smh hoat nh6m, giupcac emcosird6ngcam,chia segiup do ldn nhau,cung
nhau vucrtquamoi kho khanddgiaiquydtvandd.
-Tang circfngcacngudn lire, cac dich vuddgiup dortrekip thdi; phdi hopvdi chlnhquyen dia phirong,cactdchdc dodn the de taodieu kidntrqgiup ede em.
-Xay dung ede chirong trinh truydn thdng tai trtrdng hoc, c6ng dong ve chu
dd phdpludt ddphongngura,nganchan treem lam trdi phdpluat.
— Phoi hop chat che m6 hinh giao due gia dinh, nhd trirdng va xa hoi trong
viec cham soc,giao due treem noi chung.Ngodi vide phaixu11nghidm minh theo phap luat,edn dua cac em vaotrung tam gido due lao dbng dd giup ede em hoan luong,hoa nhap c6ng ddng.
— Lidn hd ved ede trung tdm gido due lao ddng dd giup ede em c6 dieu kien
hoc nghd vahuong nghidp phu hopddkhi ra khoi trung tdmcac emco coh6iviec
lam,khdng sa vaohanh vi vi pham phapluat.
4. Dac diemtamli dac trungcua trechamphat trien tri tue(1>
4.1.Khai niem*
Cham phdt tridn trl tud (CPTTT) la tre co khiem khuydt ve sir phat tridn tri
nao.Tre cohoat d6ng tritueducri muretrung binh, han chdvd kinang thlch tingva
4.2. Ph£n loai
Di phan loaiIre CPTTTngircrita thucmgdira vaochis6'
th6ng minh IQ.Ngiroi
co chi so thCng minh tir 75 -100 Id ngucti phat triln binh thufrng. Chi s6 thong
minh IQ dudi75la ngubiCPTTT. N£u chi s6 IQ tir 60-74 cothe theo hocduqc ldp hod nhdp trong trubng ph6 thbng. Chiso thOng minh IQ tir 40 — 60 Id cf
mure dd cham vita, cothi tham gia hoc tai ede trircmg chuyen biet ddnh cho tre cham phat trien tri tue. Treco chi sothong minh IQ diroi40 miredo CPTTTnang
c6 th^hoccacklnangtuphucvuban than.
4.3. Nguyen nhan
Nguyen nhan ddn ddh tre cham phat tri^n tri tu6thubng docac y£u td xay ra
trude khisinh, trongkhisinh vdsau khi sinh.
+ Yeuto nguy cotnrdcsinhc6 th^do metie'p xucvdi hod chat, thub'c trirsdu;
me bi chan thirong, nhi6m virus (nhdt Id trong ba thdng ddu), bi b6nh tuy£n gidp
trang, tingcanft khimang thai,bi nhiSm d6cchinang...
+ Y£u t6 nguy co trong sinh: De non ducri 37 tudn, can nang khi sinh thd'
p
ducri 2.500gr, ngatkhi sinh,canthiepsan khoa (dung kep thai, hut thai...),vangda nhannao...Y£u t6nguy cosau sinh:chay mdu nao, viemmang nao,nhiem khudn than kinh (viem nao, viem mang nao),suy h6 hdp nang, chdri thirong so nao, co giat dos6tcao,d6ngkinh...
4.4.Dac diem tarnIfcuatre champhat trientri tue
— Dactnmgv&camgiac, trigiac:Cam giac,tri giac cuatre CPTTT thubng co ba bieu hien sau:
cac
+ Chdm chap,ft linhhoat.
+ Phan bietmau sac,ddu hieu,chitiet sirvatkem.
+ Thie'
u tfnh tfchcue trongquansat.
-Dactnmg\6 tuduy:
+ Tre CPTTT chu y£u Id hinh thurc tuduy cu the, do do tre kho nhdn bietcac
khdi niem.
+ Tuduy cuatrethudng bie’u hien tfnh kh6nglientuc.
+Tuduy logickem.
+Tu duy tre conthie'
u tfnh nhdn xdt,phe phdn, kh6 khan trong suy nghlhop tinhIf.
-Dactrung vetri nher:
+ Chdm hi^ucai mdi,quennhanh cai viratiefpthu.
+ Qua trinh ghinhd khdng bln vung,khongddy du.
+ Chi ghi nhd duoc cdi bln ngoai sir vat, kh6 ghi nhd cai ben trong, cai khai quit.
—Dactnmgvechuy:
+ Kh6taptrung,dlbi phan tan.
+Khdngtaptrungvao chitilt,chi taptrungcacnet bln ngoai.
+ KimblnvCmg.
+Lu6nlu6n bi phantan bed cac suvile nho.
+ Thdi gian chu y cuatreCPTTTkem hemnhilu trebirth thiremg.
—Dac tnmgphat triln:
+Cham phat trien vanddng: chambiltlat,ng6i, bova di dting.
+ Cham bilt noi hoac kho khan khi noi.
+ Kim hilu biet vledequyluatxahoican ban.
+ Kh6ng</ thufcduqc hduquavlcachdnh vicua minh.
+Gapkho khan khituphuc vu:tuan ud'
ng, vlsinhcd nhan.
+Hay co hanh dong lang xang.
4.5. Bien phap canthiep, trqgiup trechim phat triSntritue