I. KHAl Nl £M V£ HIEN TL/ONG TAM LI XAH & \
1. Cac hien tuong ta mH xa hoi tao than hy thurc xa ho
1.1. Nhu cau xahoim
1.1.1. Khainiem
Nhu cau xa hdi la nhung ddihdi tat yi'
u hop quyluat, dam baocho sUtontai
vd phat tridncua mdt nhdm xahdi,mot cdngdong.
i i f
1.1.2.D$cdiSm ctia nhucau xa hoi
— Nhu c£u chlnh la ngu6n goc n6i tai can ban thuc d<iy hoat dbng cua cac
nhom xa hbi, U su doi hoi cua nhtSm v£ nhung di£u kien sdng va phat trien nhdtdinh.
- Nhu c£u xa hoi quy dinh xu huctng lua chon cac y nghi, rung cam, y chi
hoat dOngcua cic nhom xa h6i.
- Khac vdi nhu cflu ca nhan, nhu c£u xa h6i la trang thai tarn li t6n tai b
nhung con ngucri cu th^ da d6ngnhatt ban than minh v6i nhom ma anh ta la th&nh
vidn. Trang thai tarn If nay xu£t hidnkhicac thanh vidn trong nhom cam tha'
y c£n phai co nhung didu ki£n vat ch&'
t hay tinh th^n nko do d£ nhom co the ton tai v&
phat tri^n.Nhuvay nhucauxa hoichi xu£t hidn khinhom da hinh th£Lnh.
1.1.3. Phanloai
C6 th£chianhu c£u xa hoi thanh nhu cau vatchatva nhu cdu tinhthan.
- Nhu cau vat chat: la nhung ddi hoi vd cac didu kien vat chat cdn thidt dd
nhom xa hOicothe tienh^nh hoat dOng cuaminh nhamdam baosut6n taiva phit
tridncua nhom. Chang han nhu c£u an,nhuc£u mac, nhu c£u o,„ trong nh6mhay t$pthd nhu c^u nay duoc bieu hidnla y£u cauduoc dam baovd quydn loti vat chat cau nh6m,tapthdcungnhu cuam6i ca nhanthuoc vdnh6m,tapthd.
-Nhu cdu tinh than:IknhQngdoi hoivddieu ki£ntinh thinchonhom c6 thd
tdn tai va phat trienben canhcac nhom khac.Chang han,nhucau vec£ideptrong quan he giCra cac ca nhan trong tap thd, nhu cdu vecii thien,nhu c£u duoc phat
huy he'
t kha nang cua m6i ngucri khi tham gia nhom, tap thd...Tuy lifng nhom hay
tap the theo cac giai doan phdt tridn khac nhau ma nhu c£u tinh than bieu hiSn
muredo caoth^pkhac nhau.
1.2. Lofm ich xah6Pi
Xuitphat tir nhuc£u cua cac nhom xah6i,moi ngucrihoptaccung nhau hoat dong dd thoa man nhu cau.Tuy nhidn, khong phai hoat dong nao cung ngay ttfc khac thoa man nhu cdu. Do viy,chinhung hoat dbng naothuc sudem lai suthoa
man nhuc£uchocon ngifbithinomang mOtkhai niem khaclaloi ich.
Laiich xahoi latoin b6nhQng ddituemg,phirongtidn,stf kien,thongtin, hanh
d6ng... duoc nh6mxa h6i nhan thdedayduvd gia tri dfch thucciiachungdemlaisu
t6ntai vaphdttridnchocd nhan vac6ngd6ng trongthcrididm lichsudo.
Khdi nidm lei fchxah6ithuerng gSnlidn vdisuphan phdisan pham,phanphdi
Tu quan didm tren trong boat ddng thuc tidn, dac biet trong boat ddng
nh6m,ngudi lanh daocansii dung bdnnguydn tac sau di thoa man led ichca nhan vanhom:
+ Phan phdi phuc led laoddng theo laoddng.
+Phanphdisan phimtheo lao ddng.
+ Nguyen ticnhan dao. + Nguyen tacedng bang.
1.3. Tam the xahoi
1.3.1.Kh£i ni&m
Tam the xa hoi Id trang thai tdm H , tinh than,the hien tuthe sdn sdng hanh
ddng cua nhom xa hoi nham dd'i pho vdi mot ddi tdc nhat dinh (ddl tac co the la ngudi,suvdt , sukiin,hien tumg...).Ndi each khde,tdmthe xahoi la susdn sdng
cuanhom d£hanh dong theomdteachthucnhdt dinh.
Tamthe xahdi duoc hinh thanh trencosonhungkinh nghiem thu duoctrong nhungdidu kien xa hdi cu thdvada duoc the hiennhidu lin trong nhung didu kien urong to.
1.3.2. Cacdac diem coban cuatamth6xahdi
-Trang thii sin sang phan tfng; tam the'
kh6ng phai la hanh ddng ma chi la
Ur thesin sing hanh dong, ndi cich khic chila khuynh hudng ting xucua nhom
xa hdi theo motquy luSt nhitdjnhddivdiddi tic.
-Sure manh khdi dong vidieu chinh hanh vi; tim theli mdt trang thai tim II
tichcue.N6 thuc hienchtrc nangkhdi ddng vahudngdan hanh vicuanhtim xahdi.
-Ti'nh tuemg ddi ben vting:tim thet6n tai rat liu dai, turthe'
he nay sang the
hekhac.
-Xic dinhgia tri:tim the'thi hienkhuynh hudngddi phdcuachutheddi vdi ddi tic dutii goc dd thien cam hay ic cam, hai long hay khdng hii long, nhit tri hay phanddi...thehien</ nghla,gia tricua ddi tacddi vdi chu the.