(Luận văn thạc sĩ) doi son cultural space, duy tien district, ha nam province luận văn ths khu vực học 60 31 60

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - TRAN KIM CUC DOI SON CULTURAL SPACE, DUY TIEN DISTRICT, HA NAM PROVINCE MASTER’S THESIS Major: Vietnamese studies Hanoi-2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - TRAN KIM CUC DOI SON CULTURAL SPACE, DUY TIEN DISTRICT, HA NAM PROVINCE MASTER’S THESIS Major: Vietnamese studies Code: 60 31 60 Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr.Lam Thi My Dung Hanoi-2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my gratitude and deepest respect to Assoc.Prof.Dr.Lam Thi My Dung, my supervisor, who enthusiastic instruct and conveysbasic knowledge to me, as well as contributes valuable ideas to help me complete this thesis I would like to sincerely thank the Management Board, the teachers, and staff of the Institute of Vietnamese Studies and Development Sciences, Vietnam National University They have created the best conditions for me to participate in the learning process and complete successfully my MA course I am also thankful to the People’s Committee of Doi Son commune for creating the best conditions for me to complete my research trip I would like to especially thank Mr Le The Quan (one leader of People’s Committee of Doi Son commune), Mr Dinh Van Nuong (one leader of Doi Tam village, Doi Son commune), Mr Thich Thanh Vu (monk of Long Doi Son pagoda), Mr Pham Chi Khang (one of two experts of Doi Tam drum village) that enthusiastically provide me information and statistic data during my fact-finding time I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people of Doi Son commune for their enthusiasm in supplying me information during my field work in these areas Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends who always care, share, motivate and encourage me Hanoi, Date: 09/05/2012 Sign Full name Tran Kim Cuc COMMITMENT I hereby declare that the researched results in this thesis are absolutely honest Information and results published in this thesis are my researching work If there is any shortcoming, I will bear all responsibilities before the training unit and the law Hanoi, Date: 09/05/2012 Sign Full name Tran Kim Cuc TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES PREAMBLE Reason for selecting the topic Sciencetisic signification and graptical signification History of research Object and Scope of Study 13 Purpose and study methodology 13 Structure of the thesis 14 Chapter 1: THE FORMING FACTORS OF DOI SON CULTURAL SPACE 15 1.1 The theory of cultural space 15 1.2 Approaching Doi Son cultural space 19 1.2.1 The natural elements 19 1.2.2 Conditions of history and residents 23 1.2.3 The socio-economics conditions 27 1.2.4 Political-Economic-Social Center 34 1.2.5 The combination of material and spiritual culture 38 1.3 Sub-summary 39 Chapter 2: THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DOI SON CULTURAL SPACE 40 2.1 The specific characteristic of material culture 40 2.1.1 Overview of material life 40 2.1.2 Housing 40 2.1.3 Cuisine 43 2.1.4 Water source 44 2.1.5 Monuments 46 2.1.6 Cultural House 57 2.2 The specific characteristics of spiritual culture 58 2.2.1 Overview of spiritual cullture 58 2.2.2 Customarys 59 2.2.3 Community Festivals 64 2.2.4 Religions and beliefs 69 2.3 Sub-summary 74 CHAPTER 3: DOI SON CULTURAL SPACE IN SON NAM CULTURAL SUBAREA 76 3.1 The name“Son Nam” and “Son Nam cultural sub-area” 76 3.1.1 Place name “Son Nam” 76 3.1.2 The delmitation of Son Nam cultural sub-areas 78 3.2 Son Nam culture in Doi Son culture 80 3.2.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions 80 3.2.2 Culture 84 3.3 Differences of Doi Son cultural space in Son Nam cultural sub-area 91 3.4 The position and role of Doi Son cultural space in Son Nam cultural sub-area 96 3.5 Sub-summary 98 CONCLUSION 99 The general conclusions 99 Some problems 100 Some recommendations 101 REFERENCES 103 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Table of planting rice of Doi Son commune (Unit: ha) (Source: Reports of Doi Son commune about planting rice over the years from 1996 to 2011) Table 1.2: Table of raising of Doi Son commune (unit: con) (Source: Reports of Doi Son commune about raising over the years from 1996 to 2011) Table 3.1: Structure of the economic of Son Nam sub-area in 2010 (unit: %) (Source: Reports of the provinces in 2010) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The Map of Doi Son commune (http://maps.google.com) Figure 3.1: The Map of Son Nam sub-area in four defence areas of Thang Long capital (http://vi.wikipedia.org) PREAMBLE Reason for selecting the topic Nowadays, when the life becomes more modern, much traditional values have been eroded However, the true culture values will still exist and develop forever There are many cultural studies are implemented and our thesis is one of them We would like to help people to understand more about a small part of Vietnamese culture In Doi Moi period, our Party very appreciated the field of Art- Culture and saw it as an important tool in ideological work Our Party concentrated on building an advance culture but respecting the national character The research of Doi Son Culture will help people to understand more about this place, which contributes to promote the national culture and reserve the national ancient foundation Cultural Space is not a new sector in cultural research Scientists still study to unite the concept of cultural space At present, the studies of local cultural space are not much; so that the Study of Doi Son cultural space could add more neccessary knowledge about a new cultural space to the abundant diverse cuture of Vietnam Then, we can give an overview to complete the process of scientific research about cultural space The writer expects to bring the full knowledge about Doi Son cultural space, forming factors, the region of absorbtion and diffusion, etc to all readers Doi Son is the land brings many precious cultural values inside However, even local people who is living here does not know about the values of archaeology, history, culture of Doi Son There were no real studies about this region, just some basic knowledge Therefore, Doi Son culture needs to be researched carefully, objectively and completely as a real cultural space The writer was born and grown up in Ha Nam province having some knowledge about native culture With the love of country and the passion of cultural learning, we decided to implement and explore this subject We look forward this thesis can provide an overall and multi-dimensional view about “Doi Son cultural space” Sciencetisic signification and graptical signification Sciencetisic signification: Cutural space research in general and regional culture research in particular is a meaningful work Regional culture is a kind of cultural space And the diversity of regional cuture is the most typical in the diversity of cuture Doi Son cultural space research will help us to know cultural zoning exactly and orient the process of cultural research Graptical signification: Cultural space research will contribute to increase awareness, inherit and develop the local traditional culture in the modern society This is a great meaningful doing for the life of Doi Son people today Doi Son cultural space reflects many aspects of belief, custom, habit, thought, emotion and soul’s depth of people Research of Doi Son cultural space will affirm the traditional values that Doi Son people have created and preserved for many generations Moreover, it also contributes to promote Doi Son cultural space to other regions in the country History of research *History of cultural space study *In the world: Cultural space has been mentioned for a long time However, until late 19th century and early 20th century, the scientific theories of cultural space appeared in the world In the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, L Moocgan and E Taylor were leaders of evolutional school; the book “Xã hội cổ đại” by L Morgan was published in 1934, the book “Văn hóa nguyên thủy” by E Taylor was published in 1939 Two authors mentioned directly the cultural similarities and differences Through the materials on myths, kinship systems and some other cultural phenomena, they had initially explained the cultural similarities starting from the common origin as well as the exchange and interaction among nations In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, theory of cultural diffusion in Western Europe appeared, including three major schools: culture- history families in Ninh Binh and Quang Nam provinces maked drums, but they were unsuccessful Famousness of this drum village had contributed to “face” for Doi Son land Everytime people thinks to drum, everyone also thinks to Doi Tam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province Today, there are many Doi Tam people who lived in other lands by this job They make drums in many places Doi Tam drum village also makes specific culture for Doi Son space, without a place there, including Son Nam sub-area Doi Tam drum were contributed in many cultural and historical events of the nation It was in 987, King Le Dai Hanh went to Doi Son to plough field It was the King Ly Thai To moved the capital from Hoa Lu to Thang Long (Hanoi capital now), the villages used drums beat out cheering In modern time, Doi Tam drum were present in the pagodas, schools and whole the country Especially, Doi Tam drum was contributed in the celebration of Thang Long thousand years Today, its put at Temple of Literature, Ha Noi capital Thus, Doi Tam drum has become a important part of Vietnamese culture Doi Son has long history The distinctivion of Doi Son culture is reflected in the ancient tombs which was associated with Doi mountain From here, we discovered the traces of the Dong Son dynasty and the Le dynasty, etc The archaeological’s values in Doi Son commune are very huge Prof Tran Quoc Vuong in the article “Hà Nam quê tôi” has ever uttered: “So far, Doi Son was discovered the skulsl of ancient Dong Son people in Dong Son- Au Lac-Vietnamese civilization integrity of the country, with boat-shaped wooden which were dated by the most accurate C14 (2000 years ago However, it was still shelved at the edge of the new building of the National History Museum in Hanoi” By the eyes of a historian and cultural’s researcher, Mr Tran Quoc Vuong appreciated highly the archaeological values of Doi Son commune Thus, the history of Doi Son commune has a long life From ancient times, this land was attracted people to live Doi Son Trần Quốc Vượng, Hà Nam quê tôi, bbc.co.uk.vietnamese/entertaiment/story/2005/08/050808_hanamquetoi 92 commune has history associate with many big national events, with the remains of many famous men, including the Kings (Le Dai Hanh and Ly Nhan Tong, Le Thanh Tong) The geographical, history, economics factors has created a cultural space with its own personality It has no to be mixed to “dissolve” into Son Nam cultural subarea Doi Son culture is ancient culture It is not easily lost in modern society The cultural values of Doi Son commune are the cultural phenomenons which remains today There were Long Doi Son pagoda with long history, Sung Thien Dien Linh stone stele, relics in the Ly dynastry, Doi Son plough festival, Long Doi Son pagoda festival, etc Son Nam sub-area has system of the communal houses and pagodas Pho Minh stupa and pagoda in Nam Dinh province is one of the “four đại khí” which was built in 1262 in west of room of the Tran dynasty According to documents on this stele and the bells, this pagoda was built since the Ly Dynasty However, Long Doi Son pagoda has highlight aspects more than the other pagodas The pagoda has long history nearly thousand year old It also established by a King of the Ly dynasty and carved on the stele Later three centuries, King Le (Le Thanh Tong) visited to the pagoda and put a poem on the back of the stele Until now, the pagoda is a place where is come of the senior leaders of the country Including: Mr Nguyen Minh Triet (President of Vietnam) in 2010, Mrs Nguyen Thi Doan (Vice President of Vietnam) in 2009, Mr Nguyen Van An (President of National Assembly Chairman) in 2006, etc With the reconstruction Doi Son plough festival, surely Doi Son commune in general and Long Doi Son pagoda in particular will continued to welcome many of the leaders of the country The pagoda has Sung Thien Dien Linh stupa which was famoused in the history and books Sung Thien Dien stone stele is a unique feature of Doi Son’s relics This is a valuable document source in many aspects such as history, culture It is also regarded as the birth of water puppetry in Vietnam Now, the researchers are interested in 93 reproducing Sung Thien Dien Linh stupa based on the description on the stupa and the archaeological excavations at the pagoda In Son Nam sub-area, there is Pho Minh stupa (Nam Dinh province) However, Sung Thien Dien Linh stone stele with traces of Kings of Ly dynasty, Le dynasty is precious relic today The relics which were found in the pagoda are the Kinari birds statute, decorative materials of the Ly dynasty, lotus feet, etc These thing are the rest parts of architecture and sculpture from the stupa remain Reproducing Sung Thien Dien Linh stupa shows its position in the cultural life of the nation These are unique and distinctive feature of Doi Son culture Son Nam sub-area has life on agriculture Thus, there are many village festivals, festivals It including large and small festival such as Phu Giay festival (Nam Dinh province), Keo Pagoda festival (Thai Binh province), Tien La temple festival, Hoa Lu ancient capital festival (Ninh Binh province), Dong Xam temple festival, etc However, this sub-area has no many places which were existed two big festivals as Doi Son commune In which, Long Doi Son pagoda festival is region’s festival, Doi Son plough festival is festival of nation Long Doi Son pagoda festival was arised from Long Son monk On 21th March 1840 lunar calendar, Long Son monk was kill himself to returning Buddha By his unusual death, Doi Son people was him as Buddha On the date of his death anniversary, people around the region went to the pagoda crowded Gradually, Doi Son people use this date as the day of Long Doi Son pagoda festival Doi Son plough festival was born by King Le Dai Hanh in 987 Long Doi Son pagoda festival was wished of the residents for the spiritual life of people whole the country The festival was crowded as major festivals in the country Doi Son plough festival has now become unique feature in Doi Son commune In the past, King ploughed Now, the modern Kings are President of the country, President of the province, etc The reproducing of plough festival is attracted the participation of all strata and localities throughout the country It is reflected that ancient culture Doi Son which is found its values in the modern life 94 About Religions: Son Nam sub-area has many religions such as Buddhism, Catholicism (especially in Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces) Doi Son people not follow any religions but its is the center of Buddhism in Duy Tien district However, the folk Buddhism was permeated on their daily lives Doi Son people always go to Long Doi Son pagoda, especially on the full moon days, 1st, holidays Long Doi Son pagoda has nearly 2000 Doi Son people who considered them as believers of Buddhism themselves The number of people go to the pagoda regularly up to 75% (by questionnaire), 80% people believes in Buddha According to Mr Le The Quan (one leader of Doi Son commune), “living in a Buddhism’s space as this space was seen the influences of its with people” Long Doi Son pagoda was pervasived Buddhism’s affects in the spiritual life of the residents Regardless of no religion, but the Buddhist's spiritual faith is indispensable in their life This is a distinct feature of Doi Son cultural space-a space which on the form has no religions but content has a deep faith in Buddhism All these cultural phenomenons exist in the coherence of a system in a common cultural space- Doi Son cultural space These cultural phenomenons borned from Doi Son place and survived, transformed, linked into a system The combination of these cultural artifacts and festivals were linked into one system, which make the general characteristics of Doi Son culture In a sub-area cultural, they always has common cultural characteristics, in which each province has its own unique personality character At Doi Son commune, the personality is the combination of material culture and intangible very sticky Doi Son culture is a series of cultural phenomenons, which linked into a system It seems that all the cultural elements of Doi Son commune are borned from the Doi mountains The values of Long Doi Son pagoda not only are in the last thousand years of history, in the process of building renovations but also in cultural value in the pagoda, in everything The pagoda is associated with the beliefs of the residents, with Long Doi 95 Son pagoda festival every year All these is created a Doi Son cultural space which has personality in the Son Nam cultural space 3.4 The position and role of Doi Son cultural space in Son Nam cultural subarea Doi Son culture is not an especial part of Son Nam culture The center of politic- economic- social of Son Nam area was Truong Yen- Thien Truong Thus, the essences of art and culture in this sub-area was focused on Truong Yen and Thien Truong place As Ngo Duc Thinh’s oponion, one of the factors which creates cultural area is the centres of politic, economic and social Culture is “usually appear from the center, then its spread widely around the place The role of the center is usually place where they arise, raise, receive and spread to other places as a rule spreading its own culture The center also is a place where develop high culture, and its has the cultural characters of the area” [36, pg 90] Son Nam cultural sub-area has many cultural phenomenons such as “church Mother” in Phu Giay festival (Nam Dinh province), “cheo sing” in Thai Binh province,etc They are the especial cultural phenomenons, which are created cultural characters of Son Nam culture Its also is contributed to the cultural values of the Red river delta region Doi Son culture is just a small part in Son Nam cultural sub-area However, its also has the role and position to Son Nam culture Firstly, Doi Son culture is a small picture of Son Nam cultural sub-area Its is a mirror of many aspects of Son Nam sub-area such as natural, social, lifestyle, customs, etc Doi Son culture have many characters of Son Nam culture This is a culture of the half mountain area, valley, many lakes and ponds Residents mainly live on agriculture They live hard work and nature Doi Son culture and Son Nam culture are traditional culture They have many communal houses, temples, pagodas, festivals, the folk arts, etc Identify Doi Son culture is understand about a part of Son Nam culture 96 Secondly, Doi Son culture is make the localities culture, so its is enriched Son Nam culture Son Nam sub-area was included of the small areas: Hung Yen-Hung Nhan, Ha Nam Ninh, coastal In these small areas, there was many cultural phenomenons, cultural combinations They arised, existed, changed, and they linked together as a system They make up for the nuances of local culture of the sub-region Also, Doi Son culture was maked a color of Son Nam culture Its was the unique and individual cultural phenomenons such as Long Doi Son pagoda, Sung Thien Dien Linh stone stele, water puppetry, Doi Son plough festival, etc Doi Son culture was enriched the Son Nam culture Thirdly, Doi Son commune in the near future will be an important area of Son Nam cultural sub-area Currently, Doi Son commune is better known throughout the reconstruction of ancient cultural values Reproducing Sung Thien Dien Linh stupa is attracting the attention of many agencies such as Ministry of culture- sport- and tourism, the departments, investors, historians, etc When reproducing is completed, Doi Son commune will be an attractive place about culture and tourism Moreover, the Doi Son plough festival was restored in recent years as a national festival The festival is held very large In this festival, there are leaders of the country, the members of many institutes and other research institutions Its has become a festival of nation Furthermore, Doi Son commune in particular and Ha Nam province in general are the vicinities of Hanoi tourism With these advantages, Doi Son land will become a highlight of both culture and tourism of Son Nam sub-area Now cultural tourism is the goal of sustainable development Doi Son commune can become a cultural space which has widely influence The position and role of Doi Son culture with Son Nam culture will become more important Fourthly, Doi Son culture is contributed to promoting Son Nam culture Previously, Son Nam area with Kinh Bac area, Thang Long area were the places which had famous traditional culture So far, Son Nam culture is still considered as a part important The palces such as Vieng market (Nam Dinh province), Phat Diem stone 97 church (Ninh Binh province), Keo pagoda (Thai Binh province), Phu Giay festival (Nam Dinh province), Pho Hien (Hung Yen province), and Bai Dinh pagoda ( Ninh Binh province), etc where are attracted with many people However, now the Son Nam sub-area is only existed afew attractive cultural activities such as Vieng market, Phu Giay festival, Bai Dinh pagoda Son Nam culture is losing it’s attraction The restoration of an old festival as plough festival in Doi Son commune which gives new life to national culture Sung Thien Dien Linh stupa always known as old stone stele so reproducing Sung Thien Dien Linh tower will be attractived with people whole the country These events is revived the cultural values for Doi Son commune and for Son Nam sub-area Doi Son culture is located in Son Nam cultural sub-area so its contributes to promoting Son Nam culture 3.5 Sub-summary Son Nam cultural sub-area is located in the Northern Plain cultural area It is including these smaller regions such as Ha Nam Ninh, Hung Yen-Hung Nhan, the coastal Doi Son culture is only a small part within the Son Nam culture Its has a lot of cultural character of Son Nam culture It is the culture of the mountain and low land Their live is dependent on agriculture Doi Son culture is cultural tradition with system of relics, festivals, traditional art form However, diversity is the nature of culture, especially diversity of cultural area (local) Doi Son is a small cultural space in the Son Nam cultural sub-area However, its also has the different cultural characters It is unique cultural phenomenons such as Long Doi Son Pagoda, Sung Thien Dien Linh stone stele, Doi Son plough festival, Doi Tam drum village, etc Doi Son culture is enriched for Son Nam cultural treasures Culture including two sides: unity and diversity Doi Son cultural space is located in Son Nam cultural sub-area so its is expressed the unity and diversity of culture Today, Doi Son culture is having many conditions to develop Its is being invested by many deparments Thus, Doi Son cultural space will advance its role with Son Nam cultural sub-area 98 CONCLUSION The general conclusions Culture including two sides: material and spiritial Its is influenced by time and space Studying about the culture is must to understand the elements of time and space, in both diachronic and synchronic of cultural phenomenon or a combination of cultural phenomena In this thesis, we presented Doi Son cultural space in both aspects of time and space, with the view of a certain cultural space If the space factor is expressed as the unity and diversity of cultute, we have seen unity and diversity of Doi Son culture in Son Nam culture If the time factor is expressed as the tradition and change, the cultural phenomenons of Doi Son cultural space have seen during existence and development process There are cultural phenomenons which were existed completely There are cultural phenomenons have erdoed However, Doi Son cultural space always has strong pervasion It was penetrated deeply into live of Doi Son people, Ha Nam people and people whole the country It was influenced into all aspects of community life Doi Son cultural space has many cultural phenomenons which has values of archaeology, history and culture Its was the old tombs, the pagoda (thousand year old), the traditional festivals Doi Son cultural space is the space which has traditional values In the Doi Son space, we seem as separate from the modern life Doi Son cultural space is the old values space In the modern life, cultural foreign is very easy accessed so cultural character is becoming a complex problem How not lose the value of cultural character ? How the world known culture of our nation? Conserving cultural character and to receive cultural foreign is a difficult problem The conservation and preservation undertanding of national culture is a great need to Doi Son cultural space had many contributions to conserve the traditional values Its was maked love with village and homeland of 99 Doi Son people In this cultural space, we easily see the living of traditional culture in the lives of Doi Son people, including young people In Long Doi Son pagoda festival, this pagoda was had many people in and outside the region The number of young people who joined in the festival very crowed They see the artifacts in the pagoda and listen the folk opera such cheo, quan ho Obviously, in the modern life, Doi Son cultural space is the place which preserve and fostering their love for the traditional culture of all ages Some problems Doi Son cultural space has reserved a lot of traditional values of nation, including: traditional festivals, many kinds of folk art and artifacts (related to history, archeology) But, in the fact, the knowledge of its values is still incomplete This can be found through the part “History of research” of the thesis There is no work about Doi Son space as a cultural space with many aspects such as factors, the cultural characters, cultural co-ordinate The documents which is related to Doi Son cultural space very basic This makes the values of Doi Son culture which is become very insipid Doi Son in the knowledge of many people is just land of an old pagoda, a stone stele and a plough festival Doi Son culture is not known to many people Through a quick survey that the writer asked 100 people who are living in Phu Ly city, Ha Nam province (see questions in the Appendix) The results, only 20% people who went to Long Doi Son Pagoda Festival; 30% people who attended Doi Son plough festival; 74% people who though Doi Son has no special character Only 4% people who know about Sung Thien Dien Linh stone stele as well as to rebuild it We questioned quickly in Phu Ly city because this is the capital of Ha Nam province However, in the fact, the promoting for Doi Son culture on the provincial capital is not interested Doi Son cultural space is very new to people who are living in the center of province Its is only known by people who live around area as Binh Luc district, Chau Son commune (Duy Tien district), Van Ly (Ly Nhan district), etc 100 Doi Son plough festival was known by people whole country People take part in its very crowed However, people in Phu Ly city is not very cold with a festival which is held in their province Doi Son only was known by two big festivals: Long Doi Son pagoda festival, Doi Son plough festival The values of Doi Son cultue still is being strange with understanding of people Some recommendations To preserve and promote Doi Son cultural space, its must is concerned by agencies such as People's Committee of Ha Nam province, Department of CultureSport and Tourism of Ha Nam province, Department of Culture of Duy Tien district, etc These agencies should research and make works of Doi Son culture fully so that everyone can easily know this cultural space Promoting for the festivals of Doi Son commune is must to invested We can promote for Doi Son culture from Phu Ly city to the every localities in the province Previously, they only the poster of plough festival next to Ha Nam province post In the next festival, we needs to hang banners advertising and messages on the all media of each locality From this, festival’s atmosphere is become very lively throughout everywhere such as the villages, the communes, the districts It will attractived with people all over Ha Nam province Tourism is the necessary activity to preserve and develop to culture However, in Ha Nam province, tourism is still slow-developing job They not to use the advantages of themself In Ha Nam province, tourists mainly is come from Ha Noi capital and surrounding provinces They take part in festivals combine work International visitors go to Ha Nam province mainly are people who is going on tours through Viet Nam by walkway According to survey in 2003, the number of tourists who went to Ha Nam province is over 24,000 plays; tourists who are Vietnamese are 22,000 plays Doi Son is an outstanding cultural space of Ha Nam province with the most advantages tourism We need to combine several differences types of tourism such as visiting Doi moutain, 101 take part in festival and travel Doi Tam drum village Thus, we can easily promote for Doi Son cultural space Doi Son cultural space brings a precious cultural treasure However, the conservation, preservation and development for its still has many limitation Doi Son cultural space need to research, invest and promote of many agencys, many people 102 REFERENCES Vietnamese Đào Duy Anh (1964), Đất nước Việt Nam qua đời, Nhà xuất Khoa học, Hà Nội Ban chấp hành Đảng tỉnh Hà Nam (2000), Lịch sử Đảng tỉnh Hà Nam tập I, Công ty in Hà Nam, Hà Nam Ban chấp hành 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Chapter 1: The forming factors of Doi Son cultural space Chapter 2: The specific characteristics of Doi Son cultural space Chapter 3: Doi Son cultural space in Son Nam cultural sub-area 14 Chapter... (Doi Trung and Doi Tin) was united Doi Son commune until today Doi Son commune currently includes seven villages Doi Nhat, Doi Nhi, Doi Tam, Doi Tin, Doi Linh , Doi Trung, Son Ha Thus, Doi Son. .. relic of Doi Son commune In this thesis, the writer emphasizes to Long Doi Son pagoda Long Doi Son pagoda is located on Doi Son mountain, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province The