II .V an hoa lang xa vung dong bang song Hong vol sir phat trien kinh te xa hoi nong thon hien nay
2.2. Van hoa lang xa vung dong bdng song Hong gop phdn tich cue vdo phdt trien kinh te
Hong gop phdn tich cue vdo phdt trien kinh te nong thon dong bdng song Hong
Cong nghiep hoa, h i e n dai hoa nong nghiep nong t h o n bao gom m o t n o i d u n g r a t rong, d day c h u n g t o i chi n e u m o t each k h a i q u a t la chuyen doi cd cau k i n h te t r o n g san x u a t nong nghiep, diia khoa hoc cong nghe, m a y moc, k y t h u a t vao nong nghiep l a m t h a y doi cd b a n
n e n san x u a t nong nghiep niidc t a , h u d n g t 6 i nen san
x u a t nong nghiep h i e n dai va t r e n cd sd do m a h i e n d a i hoa nong t h o n (bao gom t a t ca cac l i n h vUc đi song v a t
chat va đi song t i n h t h a n ) hxidng tdi t r i n h do v a n hoa v a n m i n h h i e n d a i t r e n n e n t a n g ban sic v a n hoa t r u y e n
t h o n g .
i;;ai TCf dac d i e m k i n h te - xa hoi, v a n hoa v u n g dong b a n g song H o n g : ngifdi dong (1/5 dan só ca nUdc) dat chat (0,5ha/ho) cd cau k i n h te nong nghiep t r e n 36%,
86
cong nghiep 25%, dich v u 17,3%, cac n g a n h khac 21,7%, c h u n g t a t h a y r a n g , viec chuyen doi cd cau k i n h te d day la het siic cap bach va c6 v a i t r o quyet d i n h cho sU p h a t t r i e n k i n h te - xa h o i cua v u n g . C h u y e n doi cd cau k i n h te d nong t h o n niidc t a noi c h u n g va d dong b a n g song H o n g n o i r i e n g la g i a m so" ho san x u a t t h u a n nong, t a n g so ho san x u a t cong nghiep, t i e u t h u cong nghiep va dich . y u thUdng nghiep v d i m o t t y le hdp l y .
M u o n vay p h a i p h a t t r i e n n h i e u n g a n h nghe d nong t h o n , p h a i chuyen doi cd cau cay t r o n g , p h a i g i n san
JXuat v 6 i t h i t r i i d n g v.v.. N g h i a la p h a i p h a t t r i e n m o t nen k i n h te m a n g t i n h t o n g hdp, da dang va vutdn t 6 i san
x u a t h a n g hoa dap l i n g t h i t r i f d n g v u n g , k h u v\ic ca nif6c va v 6 i xwidc ngoaị P h i i d n g hifdng p h a t t r i e n k i n h te nhif
t r e n c6 the k h a i thac t r u y e n t h o n g v a n hoa m a n g t i n h h 6 n d u n g cua v a n hoa l a n g xa vCmg dong b^ng song Hong. T h i i c te sU p h a t t r i e n k i n h te cua mot so l a n g xa t i e u b i e u d v u n g dong bang song H o n g nhif N i n h H i e p (Ha Noi), D o n g K y (B^c N i n h ) , D i i d n g L i i u (Ha Tay), V a n T r a n g ( N a m D i n h ) cho t h a y ngUdi t a c6 the dUa vao t r u y e n t h o n g , k i n h n g h i e m cua m i n h difdc t i c h l u y t r o n g v a n hoa l a n g xa t i m r a p h i i d n g thijtc, t i m r a m6 h i n h chd sii p h a t t r i e n .
N g h i e n cijfu sU p h a t t r i e n k i n h te cua xa N i n h H i e p (Gia L a m - H a Noi) n h u mot h i e n t i i d n g t i e u bieu cho sU
lUa chon mo h i n h k i n h te " m a n g b a n sic v a n hoa nong
t h o n (lang xa V i e t N a m ) : lia chuong h 6 n d u n g v a n hoa -
van m i n h " PGS. To Duy Hdp tong ket: "d cap do xa - thon (lang xa), xa N i n h Hiep (Gia Lam - Ha Noi) c6 the coi la mo hinh dai dien cho sti lua chon phiidng an hdp ly nhat cua qua t r i n h chuyen doi tii nen van minh nong nghiep, nong thon truyen thong sang van minh do t h i hoa, cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d nong thon Viet
Nam. NhQng xiu diem noi bat cua mo hinh N i n h Hiep la:
1. Giam manh ty trong thuan nong dong thdi tang manh ty trong phi nong nghiep. Den nam 1997, ty le ho thuan nong chi con 5 - 6%; trong k h i do ty le ho hon hdp la 77% trong do 50% phi nong nghiep la chinh, so ho phi ' nong nghiep hoan toan la 17%.
2. Coi trong che bien nong san hii6ng tdi xuat khau, trong xa N i n h Hiep c6 nhQng lang nghe truyen thong
chuyen che bien thuoc hAc, thuoc nam, mijft sen, long
nhan v. v. xuat khau sang Trung Quoc, Dai Loan.
3. Chu trong ket hdp tieu t h u cong nghiep vdi buon ban, dich vu tao ra cd cau cong thiidng nghiep cot loi cho mo hinh cong - nong - thifdng ben viing.
4. Ta nghe cua lang chuyen thanh lang nghe, tvL
chd lang chuyen thanh lang chd (lang buon). Lang nghe - lang buon la tien de cho qua t r i n h do t h i hoa va cong nghiep hoa d i l n ra tai ch6, dien ra qua t r i n h ly nong, bat ly hiidng, hinh thanh pho chd trong lang xạ
5. Cac yeu tóket cau ha tang nong thon nhif thuy Idi, dien, difdng, nha trifdng, t r a m xa, t r u sd U B N D ,
id4i tifdhg niem anh hung liet si, ph6l ch^,fjvịy,deu xay diing khan#jtrang Jiien jdai"!06^,Duy HfSPMjSđiiTc.
25). !)fi snoo So\up ir>:^, j^nljrin §n6rii y,^ grioQ .yfib hob n p ^ ^ mKW4í^''d^ W'^^xí^nW: tife W vdr mT truong'-mr ngne mu cong t r u y e i i unung v^^v
m^iMg e i { 8 ^ t^ihiíbiefi^^i t t i ' y i g ^ c t o m ^ t e
%fea lang) d ^ l a i i g ^ i ^ ^ l S M t ^ l ^ n ^ ) ^ ^ ' * ^ ^ ^ 'ILang: nghe thucd^^.n^}x§Bcfn^.]^^^^^
:^^my YMW^ m Mn
tich canh tac chi c6 200 m^/(^^a>i ,Qifpn,|upr^0i^§q? F^ec lam va thieu liidng thUc - LQD)...,Hoa chung vao cong
I t e i doi tndi cuád^t' mi6c, n^U^i d^h t>6hg Rýfé nhay teV4 hang dohg hdti 'ti-dhy đ ch^ i^'t^^arig: D6n^^k$^
# p h & t huýdk^c !&ng h g ^
xM^Kinh BIC ^n^gn^ Mri ml b i ^ l « i ^ ' t h t P i \
M i ' m a t hang dó'gS ihy nghe cao c^p ^ifr'^ii^'tMh'^M^
^ r i M t , hghéthuai^cH t i ' i i y ^ ' v ^ i l h6^ cSd'^(Mri*tB^: M i i n g
pham do cac hghếkhSrt^sah' x t f ^ n h i i : ' M , ittfdhg, bah gh^'c^'imf^â, ttf(feg,'biii^ w>^, <mdh\
W}i.^m6cmm tir^;^digii^khgc: kh^fiiUr^i^ki^ Tti^isw^
%wi>--i^ Í^ixyu'iDh^dhg^^tii ciiii^VthShg^- ^fe(i--ttTfe'-W
6&h M i c6rígJ^^^kha<i;'NhQng^ san ph^m CU^ D6hg
miksitti iih§ii^thi%ifdng ti^dhg ^niidcm^M'iiU&tMixíik
Thai Lan, Phap, DCfc, Ba Lan va nhieu nxidc khac. Moi
nam t h u diidc hang tram ty dong"... "Trong miidi nam lai day, Dong Ky khong nhutng giai quyet cong an viec lam cho ngiidi dan trong xa ma hang nam lang nghe con don
nhan hang nghin ngifdi tii cac vung lan can den lam viec
va hoc nghe". "Den nay (1998) lang nghe Dong Ky da c6 12 cong ty trach nhiem hiiu han ben canh do c6 cac to dich vu phuc vu cho lang nghe ra đi nhif: van chuyen, kinh doanh vat lieu, tieu t h u san pham... "Binh quan thu nhap chd ngUdi dan lang nghe moi nam tif 8 - 10 trieu dong, ho kha da thu den 40 - 50 trieu dong/ ngUdi/ nam. Ddi song vat chat, tinh than cua nhan dan tifng
hxidc dvfdc cai thien ro ret" (Nguyen Van Vien - Chu tich
xa Dong Quang - BSc Ninh). -^'^"'^ Chiing toi muon gidi thieu them mot lang nghe
nOa, do la xa Dudng Lieu ( Hoai Diic - Ha Tay ) v6i nghe truyen thong la che bien nong san. "San pham nong san
che bien cua DUdng Lieu bao gom tinh bot skn, mien, difdc tieu thu trong ca nxidc. Cac nha may banh keo, x i
nghiep difdc pham, bao bi, my tom, cac cd sd san xuat d hau het cac tinh Ha Noi, Ha Tay, Hai Dudng, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh... deu dung san pham che bien cua DUdng Lieụ Co thdi ky san pham cua Ditdng L i l u difdc xuat khau sang Trung Quoc... Toan xa c6 1400 ho tham gia san xuat, che bien nong san, kinh doanh, dich vu, thu hut va tan dung 60% só ho toan xạ Vdi truyen thong can cu, s4n^t^ôcua nhan dan dia pljjufdng v ^ c^5LP.hiflt) 90
sach doi mdi ciia Dang va Nha nUdc, kinh te Dudng L i l u
CO mijfc tang triidng dang kẹ Ddi song diidc nang cao,
giam ho ngheo, khong c6 ho doị Qua dieu tra nam 1996 ho giau 15%, ho kha 42%, ho trung binh 40%. Tong gia tri san liidng 46 ty dong, nong nghiep 15 ty chiem 32%, chan nuoi 7 ty chiem 15%, che bien nong san 17 ty chiem 37%), dich vu thúdng nghiep 14 ty chiem 30%, binh quan. thu nhap ho 20 trieu dong/nam; khau 4 trieu dong/nam, tifdng diidng 360 USD/ ngifdi (theo bao cao ciia Nguyen Ba Binh - Chu tich UBND xa).
Day la hai lang nghe (v6i hai loai nghe truyen thong khac nhau) c6 the coi la dien hinh cho sU phat huy ban sac van hoa lang xa vao sU chuyen doi cd cau kinh te