kinh te, cac nhiem v u ciiinii tri, xa hoi phai diJdc thiic Mi(Sh-d6ng^ b6 tao dieu k i e n cho qU^^ trfilh c6ng righiep hoay hien dai hoa dien ra xuoi t h u a n va ben vQng. Hdrt hiJa nhQng h&m gan day, d nong thon vung dong b&ng s M g Hong noi com l e n n h i ^ ' u v & d e kinh te, xa hoi phife tap. D a c bigt l^hi§n: tlfdng mS't d a n chii, niS't dôn ket trong nhieu! C O ' d a n den tinh h i n h khieu kien dong
ngUdi^ khieu ikien! k6o daii v^ k h i e u ; kieb mi&i clL^pHHe
thd'ng chfnh tri toat uy t i n t r a d c n h a n dan, lam suy giairi long tiii; c u a ^ qudn chung v 6 i ca!c t6' chCfc D a n g V E I chinh quyen dia phiidng. E)6ng thdi cung lam' rm^'t dí tinh^ < t i i chu, sang tao c u a n h a n dan trong qua trinh'plhat trieri kinhitq'-: x a hoi tai cac cd sd. T i n h h i n h treii; daíjdiifdG
khac phuc n h d s i i l a n h dao ciia D a n g va N h a na6c t r o n g qua t r i n h m d r o n g d a n c h u va thUc h i e n q u i che d a n c h i i d cd sd.
TCf t h i i c t i l n va tii k i n h n g h i e m l i c h s i i cho c h u n g
t a t h a y ro v a i t r o ciia cac gia t r i v a n hoa l a n g x a t r o n g viec to chiic đi song c h i n h t r i , xa h o i d nong t h o n dong b&ng song H o n g l a het siic to 16n.
- T i n h t h a n d a n c h u , y thijfc l a m c h u l a n g x a cua
ngUdi n o n g d a n t i i t r o n g c h i e u sau l i c h sxi dUng l a n g ,
d i i n g niidc va gifl l a n g , giQ nii6c da tao n e n t i n h t u c h i i t r o n g v a n hoa l a n g xạ T i n h t u c h u ay difdc the che hoa b a n g h u d n g u6c, h o i udc, t h e ii6c cua l a n g , t r e n t a t ca cac m a t c h i n h t r i , k i n h te, x a h o i va v a n hoạ N o da g i i i p cho l a n g x a v u n g dong b a n g song H o n g t o n t a i ben v i i n g h a n g n g a n n a m va c6 tac d u n g to 16n t r o n g viec g i i i g i n x o m l a n g , giiJ g i n d a t nUdc, chorig giac ngoai x a m , bao t o n v a n hoa d a n toẹ V a n de nay d a n g le p h a i dtfdc n g h i e n c i i u day d u h d n k h i c h u n g t a t i e n h a n h cai b i e n k i n h te - x a h o i d n o n g t h o n niidc t a noi c h u n g va v u n g dong b a n g song H o n g n o i rieng. Song v i n h i e u n g u y e n n h a n k h a c h q u a n va c h i i q u a n c h u n g t a chiia y t h i i c difdc t i n h t i c h cUc, sU t i n h te v a phiic t a p cua nọ D o vay, n h i e u c h i n h sach va h a n h dong thUc t i e n ciia c h u n g t a chUa p h a t h u y dUdc v a i t r o cua t i n h t h a n d a n c h u l a n g xạ NgUdc l a i , c6 luc, c6 n d i da coi t h i f d n g hoac qua de cao t i n h t u c h i i ciia l a n g xa da d i n den n h i i n g h a u qua n g h i e m t r o n g .
Do vay, ngay 18/2/1998 Bo Chinh t r i (khoa V I I I ) da ra Chi t h i 30 - CT/TW ve Quy che dan chu d cd sd; Uy ban thifdng vu Quoc hoi (khoa X) da ban hanh cac Nghi quyet so 45/1998, so 55/1998, so 60/1998; giao cho Chinh phii ban hanh cac Nghi quyet ve thtfc hien Quy che dan chii d cd sd, Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghi quyet só 29/1998, so 71/1998 va so 07/1999. Qua t r i n h trien khai
thvfc hien Quy che dan chii d cd sd gin lien vdi qua t r i n h thtfc hien cuoc van dong toan dan xay dving đi song van hoa d khu dan c\X va xay dUng cac quy xidc, hUdng \i6c
mdi cua cac lang xa d vung dong bang song Hong. Bao cao tong ket 6 nam thiic hien Chi t h i 30-CT/TW cua Bo Chinh t r i (khoa V I I I ) ve xay difng va thUc hien Quy che
dan chii d cd sd cho biet: Ve xay diing quy \i6c, hiidng \i6c
den nay nhieu t i n h , thanh phd dat tren 95% nhif Ha Noi, Bac N i n h , N i n h Binh... De dieu chinh mot sónoi dung ve Quy che thtfc hien dan chu d xa theo Nghi quyet 79/2003
cua Chinh phii, cac dia phifdng dang tap trung, s\ia doi, bo sung cac quy che, quy xidc, hUdng if6c cho phu hdp v6i
tinh hinh mdị Theo bao cao ciia cac tinh dien hinh trong
cuoc van dong thxic hien Quy che dan chu nhu Ha Nam,
Hung Yen, vai tro ciia van hoa truyen thong ndi lang xa da difdc phat huỵ Chftng han d t i n h Ha Nam, Quy che
dan chu tao dong Ixic mdi thuc hien thang Idi nhiem v u kinh te - xa hoi, an ninh quoc phong. Thxic hien Quy che
dan chu nh^m phat huy t r i tue va t a i liJc trong dan,
nhan dan chu dong va t\i nguyen qui hoach dat daị
98
chuyen dich cd cau kinh te, xoa doi, giam ngheọ.. dong gop hang t r a m ty dong, hang van ngay cong de xay dung ha tang cd sd. Toan tinh c6 100% xa v6i 97% dan so dUdc sU dung dien, nang cap 3000 k m dUdng giao thong nong thon... kinh te xa hoi chuyen bien tich cUc, nang suat lua dat binh quan 10 tan/ ha, san xuat tieu thii cong nghiep, dich vu, thUdng mai phat trien manh. Tren
800 thon x6m xay dUng dUdc hUdng xidc, quy xidc, 185
lang dUdc cong nhan lang van hoạ Phong trao "toan dan
doan ket xay dUng cuoc song van hoa" cac khu dan cxi
dUdc day manh"*. Tai tinh HUng Yen: "den nay, toan tinh da c6 305 lang dUdc cong nhan lang van hoa va c6
687/846 thon da xay dUng dUdc hUdng xidc, quy xidc lang van hoạ Thong qua phong trao, nhieu khu dan cxi hxidc
dau da day Ivii me t i n di doan va cac hu tuc lac hau, xay dung va thUc hien nhUng tap quan mdi, khdi day truyen
thong tot dep cua dan toẹ 5 nhieu k h u dan cU tinh lang
nghia x6m da gop sijtc giup đ, cam hoa dUdc hang tram doi tUdng vi pham phap luat, nghien hut trd ve sd'ng lUdng thien trong cong dong. Ket qua budc dau da c6 tac
dung tich cUc den viec vun d4p dao ly tot dep cua truyen
thong dan toc"*^'.
' " B a n Chi dao va thirc hien Quy che dan chu a ca so cua Trung uang: Xay dirng va thuc hien Quy che dan chu a ca sọ Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc giạ H. 2002.
tr^209.
'-' TS. Nguyen Van Sau - GS. H6 Van Thong: Thuc hien Quy che dan chu va
Cac boat dong xa hoi mang t i n h nban van, nhan ban trong truyen thong van boa lang xa da dUdc khdi
day nbu "an qua nh6 ke trong cay", "uong nxidc nhd
nguon", "tifdng than tiidng ai", "la lanh dum la rach", "khuyen hoc", "khuyen thien" thanh phong trao "den dn
dap nghia" doi v6i gia dinh c6 cong v6i nxidc, phung
diidng cac ba me Viet Nam anh hiing; phong trao giup nhau xoa doi giam ngheo; xoa nha tranh tre, mai ra; thanh phong trao gop qui cho cac chau ngheo an hoc. Cac xa di dau trong viec phat buy cac gia t r i van boa lang xa truyen thong d dong bang song Hong nhif Ha L§ - A n T h i - Hifng Yen; Dai Dong - Thach That - Ha Tay; Xuan Thien - K i m Sdn - Ninb Binh; A n Sinh - K i n h Mon - Hai DUdng; Dong Do - Hiing Ha - Thai Binh... thong qua phong trao xay diing đi song van boa d cd sd da giai quyet nhieu van de xa hoi dang dat ra ci nong thon. Xa Ha Le la mot xa tu! yeu kem: can bo v i pham trong quan ly dat dai, t h u chi ngan sach, mot bo phan nhan dan tuy , tien Ian chiem dat dai, chay y trong viec thvfc hien nghia vu, khieu kien vUdt cap... K h i thUc hien Quy che dan
chu, cac thon lang da xay diJng diidc qui \idc, hifdng \idc,
phat huy dan chu, khdi day tinh chu dong sang tao ciia nhan dan. Phifdng cbam "dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem t r a " dUdc cu the boa thanh Nghi quyet cua
Dang bo, da gan Dang bo vdi dan va giai quyet tot nhiing
ton dong cua cac van de kinh te - xa hoi cua xạ Den nay
khong con đn thxi khieu to, khieu kien, an ninh nong
thon dudc bao dam tot, khong c6 te nan xa hoị
Bao cao cua Ban chi dao xay diing va thUc hien
Quy che dan chu ciia Trung Udng da nhan manh "viec
xdy ditng quy Udc, hiCdng Udc vdi nhiing ngi dung mdi
theo hiCdng van minh, tien bg, c6 tdc dung tick cxic den
phat trien cac li hgi truyen thong, giit gin nhiing tap quan tot dep trong cgng dong đn cỤ Xdy diCng phong
trao van hoa lanh manh... gop phan xdy dUng va phat
trien nen van hoa Viet Nam tien tien dam da ban sac đn toe".
Cac gia t r i van boa tich cvic trong truyen thong d cac lang xa difdc phat huy da gop phan vao viec xay diing he thong chinh t r i d cd sd vflng manh va trong sach.
- Ndi nao cac to chile cd sd Dang quan tam lanh dao viec md r6ng dan chu trdc tiep cua nhan dan, coi trong viec "dvfa vao dan" de xay dvfng Dang t h i cuoc van dong xay đng, chinh don Dang thUc hien c6 hieu quạ Nhieu cap uy Dang da coi trong quyen giam sat cua nhan dan, tiep t h u y kien cua nhan dan, chat lifdng to chiic cd sd Dang, dang vien difdc nang len.
Nam 2003 cac tinh Hang Yen, Hai Dudng tren 46% to chiic cd sd Dang trong sach, viing manh tieu bieụ Mot so cap uy tnic tiep doi thoai v6i dan, md hoi nghi gop ỵ
dat horn t h i i gop y, cong khai lay y kien nhan dan tvMdc
khi quyet dinh xU ly ky luat can bo, dang vien, diidc nhan dan dong tinh. Dong thdi nhan dan phat hien hang
nghin dang vien vi pham, de nghi to chiic Dang xem xet k y luat, gop ph&n lam trong sach, vutng manh to chiic cd sd Dang.
Qua Dai hoi nhiem ky cua Dang bo cac cap, nhan dan quan tarn tham gia, gop y cho to chiic Dang, dang vien ve phudng thiic lanh dao, noi dung cong tac va to chiic can bo; chat liidng cong tac xay dUng, chinh doh Dang, chat lUdng dang vien tiep tuc difdc nang len. Vai tro lanh dao cua Dang bo, chi bo va tinh tien phong,
gifdng mau ciia can bo, dang vien c6 sU giam sat va gop y
cua nhan dan. Niem t i n cua dan dói vdi Dang va Nha
nxXdc difdc ciing c6 va tang cifdng.
- ThUc hien chi dao cua Trung vfdng va cua cac nganh, cac cap; chinh quyen xa da tien hanh ra soat nhieu chu trUdng, chinh sach va tiep tuc bo sung noi quy, quy che hoat dong. Hoi dong nhan dan chu trong vai tro giam sat dói v6i hoat dong ciia Uy ban nhan dan, nang cao chat lúdng giam sat va cac quyet dinh kinh te - xa h o i . Dai bieu hoi dong nhan dan triJc tiep giam sat viec thUc hien Q u y che dan chu, lang nghe va tiep t h u y kien cua cii t r i ve thUc hien quy Udc, hiidng ú6c d thon. Cac n o i dung cua ky hop Hoi dong nhan dan da dUdc cii t r i tham gia gop ỵ Sau cac ky hop, chinh quyen xa da thong t i n ve nghi quyet va cac chifdng t r i n h kinh te - xa hoi, ve thvfc hien Quy che dan chu d cd sd den v6i dan nhieu hdn.
- Trong cac ky Bau cii dai bieu Quoc hoi khoa X I (2002), Bau cii dai bieu Hoi dong nhan dan 3 cap nhiem ky (1999-2004) va nhiem ky (2004-2009), bau chon trifdng thon, khong k h i dan chu va dan chu triic tiep cua
nhan dan da c6 nhi3ng bade tien bo mdị Cxi t r i phan
khdi Ilia chon va gidi thieu ngvfdi dii tieu chuan ra ling cii, kien quyet difa ra khoi danh sach nhiing ngifdi
khong dvi t\i each, c6 dau hieu vi pham; can nhac, lua
chon ngUdi c6 uy t i n , dii nang luc va t r i n h do bau vao cd quan dan ciị , , i . . f t «
Sau nam qua, hdn 80% so" triidng thon da dUdc to chiic bau Ian t h i i haị Nhieu thon c6 ty le 100% dai dien ho triJc tiep bo phieu bau triidng thon. Trifdng thon ngay
cang CO trach nhiem vdi dan, sat dan, tan tuy va hang
hai lam viec.
ThUc hien Quy che dan chu da nang cao trach nhiem cua dan ve giam sat va gop y tham gia ve quan ly, dieu hanh ciia chinh quyen; phong each va dao diic, lói song cua can bo, cong chiic. Mat khac nhan dan hieu ro hdn nhiem vu, yeu cau phai chap hanh phap luat, thUc hien nghia vu va gii2 nghiem ky cUdng, phep niidc trong đi song xa hoị
- Trong qua trinh xay diing va thiJc hien Quy che dan chu d cd sd, Mat tran To quoc Viet Nam cung vdi Bo
T u phap va Bo Van hoa - Thong t i n c6 Thong t\i lien tich so" 03 hiidng dhn viec xay diing va thiJc hien húdng u6c, quy xidc ciia thon.
M a t t r a n To quoc va cac doan the n h a n d a n t i e p tuc
hudng m a n h cac hoa t dong ve cd sd, to chijfc dong v i e n
n h a n d a n t i c h ciic t h a m gia va g i a m sat viec thxic h i e n
Q u y che d a n c h i i d cd sd. Cxi ngUdi c6 u y t i n t h a m gia
B a n C h i dao, t h a m gia b i e n soan q u i che, q u y xidc; c h i
dao doan vien, h o i v i e n gifdng m a u thUc h i e n cac q u y
che, q u y xidc, h i f d n g udc da b a n h a n h . D o n g v i e n cac t a n g
16p n h a n d a n , day m a n h cac cuoc v a n dong, cac p h o n g t r a o t h i d u a y e u nU6c d cd sd. D e n nay, da c6 5 6 % só k h u
d a n cxi d a t d a n h h i e u t i e n t i e n . M a t t r a n To quoc va cac
doan t h e n h a n d a n p h a t dong doan v i e n , h o i v i e n va n h a n d a n p h a n d a u d a t d a n h h i e u : san x u a t k i n h doanh gioi; gia d i n h v a n hoa, l a n g (ap, ban) v a n hoa; sach, dep; giQ ve s i n h m o i t r U d n g va a n n i n h cd sd.
V a n de p h a t h u y v a i t r d v a n hoa l a n g xa vCing dong
b a n g song H o n g t r o n g x a y dxing đi song k i n h te - x a h o i con n h i e u n o i d u n g c a n difdc n g h i e n cvLu sau h d n . N g a y ca v a n de khac p h u c a n h hifdng t i e u cxic cua v a n hoa
l a n g x a d day n h i f t h e nao, de p h a t h u y difdc m a t t i c h
cxic cijng l a n o i d u n g c a n de cap. Song, c h i i d n g n a y c h i de
cap m o t each c h u n g n h a t , con cac v a n de cu t h e se dudc
t r i n h bay d cac chifdng saụ
ChirongIV '
Ldng nghe, mot yeu to van hoa
truyen ttiong trong su phat trien kinh te 6 vung dong bang song Hong 6 vung dong bang song Hong
C h u n g t a dang t h i i c h i e n cong nghiep hoa, h i e n dai hoa va dang n o i den n e n k i n h te t r i t h i i c . Phuc hoi va
p h a t t r i e n cac nghe t h u cong la mot phUdng hxidng cong
nghiep hoa d V i e t N a m . To chCfc U N E S C O cua L i e n hiep
quoc da de n g h i t h a y the k h a i n i e m nghe thu cong (handicraft) b a n g k h a i n i e m cong nghiep truyen thong
( t r a d i t i o n a l i n d u s t r y ) * " . K h a i n i e m t r i thutc t r o n g k i n h te
tri thUc bao gom ca t r i thvLc h i e n d a i va t r i thii c b a n dia,
CO t r u y e n . N h i f vay, p h a t t r i e n nghe va l a n g nghe t r u y e n t h o n g (trong do c6 t h u cong m y nghe) la m o t hif6ng di cd b a n , gop p h a n c h u y e n dich cd cau k i n h te, t r o n g qua t r i n h cong nghiep hoa, h i e n d a i hoa nong t h o n , nong nghiep ci nu-6c t a noi c h u n g va d dong b a n g song H o n g noi rieng.
"> Tr£n Qu6'c Vuang (2001): "'Lang nghe va due tnfng van hoa nong thon Viet
I . NhiiTtig net son t r u y e n thong c u a nghe thii cong V i e t N a m