III Nhirng giai phap co ban de phat trien lang nghe truyen thong o nong thon dong b^ng song
3.2. Ma rgng vd phat trien thi triibng tieu thu vd cac loqi thi triidng khdc cho cac Idng nghe
vd cac loqi thi triidng khdc cho cac Idng nghe truyen thong
T h i i c te p h a t t r i e n cac l a n g nghe nhi3ng n a m qua da chd t h a y , l a n g nghe nao cd t h i t r i i d n g t i e u t h u dn d i n h , l a u d a i t h i day m a n h dvfdc san x u a t va p h a t t r i e n n g a y m q t cad, ca ve sd' lifdng va chat l i i d n g san p h a m h a n g hdạ
H i e n n a y , t u y da cd bu6c p h a t t r i e n n h d s i i n a n g đng cua ngUdi d a n l a n g nghe sdng t h i t r U d n g t i e u t h u cua cac l a n g nghe v ^ n con h a n hep v a ngheo n a n . N h i e u
m a t h a n g k h o n g c6 t h i trUdng t i e u t h u o n d i n h n h U h a n g góm s i i d a n d u n g va h a n g m a y t r e d a n v.v.. V i k h o n g c6 t h i trUdng t i e u t h u m a c6 ho gia d i n h p h a i bo nghe de t i m viec l a m khac s i n h song. T r o n g dieu k i e n h i e n n a y , t h i trUOng t i e u t h u c h i n h l a y e u tó quyet d i n h cho svi p h a t t r i e n cua cac l a n g nghe t r u y e n t h o n g .
De m d rSng va p h a t t r i e n t h i t r U d n g cho l a n g nghe, doi v 6 i t h i t r i i d n g t i e u t h u ngdai nU6c, N h a nUdc t a can day m a n h viec phuc h o i l a i q u a n he t h i i d n g m a i v 6 i t h i t r i i d n g D 6 n g A u va cac nU6c thuoc L i e n X6 trifdc daỵ V i day l a t h i t r U d n g t r u y e n thd'ng t i e u t h u cac m a t h a n g t h u cong m y nghe dUdc san x u a t tvf cac l a n g nghe V i e t N a m . D o n g t h d i v 6 i t i n h t h a n V i e t N a m m u o n l a m b a n v6i t a t ca cac nU6c, v i hoa b i n h , p h a t t r i e n va ciing c6 Idi, cac cap, cac n g a n h p h a i g i u p đ l a n g nghe, gi6i t h i e u san p h a m l a n g nghe qua n h i e u k e n h , n h i e u each, ca true tiep l i n g i a n t i e p qua m a n g i n t e r n e t t 6 i cac nU6c t r e n t o a n caụ
CCing v 6 i viec quang ba cac loai san p h a m cua l a n g nghe t r e n t h e gi6i, xa h o i c i i n g p h a i cung cap cho l a n g nghe cac t h o n g t i n ve gia ca, ve n h u cau, m a u ma, k i e u each san p h a m , t h i h i e u k h a c h h a n g d cac t h i trUdng... de l a n g nghe c6 t h e ehii dong h o i n h a p vao cac loai t h i t r i f d n g v i n h u cau p h a t t r i e n cua m i n h .
H i e n n a y , niidc t a da c6 q u a n he ngoai giao v 6 i 166 nude, q u a n he t h i i d n g m a i v 6 i 155 nU6c va v u n g l a n h
tho, da ky cac hiep dinh song phUdng v6i 79 nxidc va vung lanh tho, c6 quan he binh thiidng vdi cac nxidc l(5fi
,nhl?;i^ga, Trung Quoc, A n Do, Nh^t, Phap, Anh, Mỵị. nen thị trifdng tieu t h u ngoai nifdo oho hang h6âGua;cac lang nghe la mot yeu tóvo cung quan trong. , r o u i i irii
Dói v6i t h i trUdng tieu t h u trong nu6c: chfhfi^qxS^^Wln
cac cap can xaỵdUng va phat trig'n manh me he thong chd lang nham thuc day l u u thong hang hoa trong va gifla cac lang nghẹ Chd la ndi d i l n ra cac hoat dong trao doi mua ban, dong thdi cung la ndi ngUdr san xuat phat hien ra n h u cau, kich thich n h u cau va md rong nhu cau cua ngUdi tieu dung..., indi Cung neap nhQng nguyen vat lieu cho ngUdi san xuat, do do chd lahg phai dUdc xay dUng d v i t r i thuan tien ve giao thong, cac quay hang, sap hang phai dUdc bo t r i hdp ly thuan tien cho viec trao doi mua ban va nhlit thiet phai c6 ban quan ly chd de quan ly viec bao ve moi trUdng, kiem tra, kiem soat va hu6ng dan cac hoat dong mua ban tren t h i
trUdng dung phap luat.jM^ii;: daỵ J^ng gom Bat Trang
(Ha Noi) da md chd,tri|ng,l?j^y,,Yi^ b^n san pham, itet,hdp
V^^ dich VU du lich, ,j ^ 3,.^ 3^1^^,
Ngoai t h i trUdng tieu t h u la t h i trUdng cot yeu nhat dói vcii su phat trien cik&lang nghe truyen thong hien nay, Nha nu6c va cac cSfpiCac nganh con phai chu y khai thac cac loai t h i trUdng khac nh&m dam bao cho sU phat lj;j:i^en hen vQng cho cac lang nghe va ban thanjC^c ho san
m>
xuat cua cac lang nghe cung can tffih cUc chu dong t i m ihieu, tham nhap vao cac t h i trUdng nay nhU: thi trUdng du lich, t h i trUdng xuat khau, t h i trUdng von va t h i trUdng khoa hoc cong nghẹ
oiJriJ 3.3. Da dang hoa cdc loai hinh to chicc sdn
vm^tkinh doanh trong lang nghe truyen thong
^u6 the dap ting dUdc nhu cau dst dang, phong phu cuâlfc trvfdng tieu t h u trong va ngoai nUdC doi v6i cac ^ioai san pham cua lang nghe ma van dam bao dUdc miic M i suat nhat dinh cho ngUdi lao dong. Mot trong nhufng % i a i phap thiet thUc la da dang hoa cac loai hinh to chiic ; 'san xuat. Co nhU vay mdi tan dung dUdc toi da nguon 'rihan lUc va nguon nguyen lieu s i n c6, tiet kiem dUdc thdi gian san xuat nham ha gi& thanh san pham va dong (thdi tao ra dUdc cac mat hang vdi du dao chung loai vdi igia thanh cao thap khac nhau dap utng nhu cau cua moi
iidoijtUdng khach hang.ô snuo nmiiy
riUôi Kihh't^ chiic san xuat trong l^ng nghe truyen ^hong hien nay d nUdc ta hoat dong c6 hieu qua nhat M
# gia dinh. M6i ho gia dinh la mot Wkh Xuat. Vdi
hinh t h t t c ' M y , bat cii cac thanh'viefitrong gia dinh deu ftedchiiy dong vao qua t r i n h s^n Xu^t^'đ'iigUdi chu gia -dinh thUdng la ngUdi c6 tay nghe gioi hani td&n bo quyen •Sieu hanh. NhQng thanh vien kh^c tuy theo si5c khoe va
tay nghe c6 the dUdc phan cong' larti mot phan cong vi$c hoac phu viec. San pham'cuáloai hinh san xuat nay
thUdng la san pham thvi cong nhU non, tranh, chieu, do gom gia dung... gia thanh thap nen c6 the d l dang tieu t h u d cac chd que danh cho nhOng ngifdi c6 t h u nhap thap.
Loai hinh t h i i hai la to hdp tac: Day la hinh thijfc lien ket tut nguyen cua cac ho gia dinh trong mot lang nghe nham h6 trd nhau trong ca 4 khau san xuat - trao doi - phan phoi - tieu dung trong qua t r i n h san xuat, tao dieu kien tot hdn cho lifu thong hang hoa, tieu t h u san pham. Hien nay trong cac lang nghe loai hinh nay dang phat t h e n rong rai bdi vi thong qua to hdp tac, cac ho san xuat bo sung cho nhau ve von, ky thuat cung nhif
kinh nghiem quan lỵ.. lam cho m6i ho tang them sdc
manh trong san xuat va tieu t h u pham.
Loai h i n h thiif ba la Hdp tac xạ Hdp tac xa la to chijfc k i n h te t u chu do nhi3ng ngUdi lao dong c6 nhu cau
Idi ich chung, t\i nguyen cung gop sijEc, gop von lap ra
theo qui dinh cua phap luat de phat huy siic manh tap the va tvfng xa vien, nh^m giup nhau thiic hien c6 hieu qua hdn hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, cai thien đi song, gop phan phat t h e n kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nUdc. Neu xet ve lau dai t h i day se la loai h i n h to chiic san xuat kinh doanh chu yeu trong lang nghe bdi hdp tac xa
la mot phifdng thutc kich thich san xuat va sii dung von
CO hieu qua, tao dieu kien cho moi ngifdi dvfdc lam giau va t h u hut rong r a i ngifdi lao dong tham giạ
Loai hinh thxi t u la: doanh nghiep txi nhan. Day la
hinh thijfc san xuat kinh doanh trong cac lang nghe
truyen thong da c6 t\i lau nhiing chi c6 t\i each phap
nhan tvf thang 12/1999 k h i Luat doanh nghiep ra đị Doanh nghiep tỤ nhan trong cac lang nghe truyen thong thiidng do nhutng ngifdi c6 nang liJc kinh doanh, c6 y chi lam giau va c6 tiem liic kinh te, diing len thanh lap, to chiic san xuat v6i quy mo nho va viiạ H i n h thtfc nay la tien de cd ban cho sii nghiep cong nghiep hoa,
hien dai hoa cac lang nghe truyen thong, do do Nha nxidc can tao mot moi trUdng phap ly on dinh, binh ding v6i
cac loai hinh doanh nghiep khac de lang nghe c6 nhieu cd hoi phat trien ca ve qui mo Ian tam cd.
Ngoai ra con c6 the phat trien cac loai hinh san xuat khac nhii cong ty trach nhiem hQu han, hay cong ty
CO phan.
Cac loai h i n h to chiic san xuat nay c6 Uu the rieng
la kha nang huy dong von 16n, t h u hut dUdc dau txi nxidc
ngoai song hien nay d cac lang nghe nong thon vung dong bang song Hong. Loai h i n h nay con i t , mdi chi thay
d Bat Trang (Ha Noi), Dong Ky {Bkc Nmh), Van Phuc
(Ha Tay)... San pham chu yeu cua no la cac hang hoa
cao cap dung cho xuat khau la chu yeu, dap ving diidc
cac nhu cau t h i hieu cua t h i triidng kho tinh. Do do, chinh quyen cac cap can phai tao ra mot hanh lang phap ly thong thoang sao cho hoat dong san xuat cua
l o a i h i n h nay p h a t t r i e n k h o n g c h i v i m u c dich Idi n h u ^ n m a c u n g v 6 i Idi n h u a n la cong viec q u a n g ba v a n h o a i y i e t N a m t h o n g q u a cac san p h a m m y t h u a t r a cac
nif6c t r e n t h e gi6ị r{f;p.ob iP.aJ rdjf fiGGI\Sr r/A 3.4. Tangciedtig đu ti^ vhieu> m^i
cong nghflnrA -M j j n n n no r h V n u i prrGrin ob §n6ljrfj gnorlJ
•'^"•^^fé-teS^'felA hoc k y thiilfti mtdM'W^V'M-
cong nghe t r o n g qua t r i n h san x u a t la bifdc d i t a t y e i i ' cua m o i n g a n h nghe t r o n g dieu k i e n h i e n riai^. Song
t r o n g svi p h a t t r i e n cua l a n g nghe t r u y e n t h o n g , bifdc d i n a y can c6 s i i liiạ chori k y cang cua cac nghe n h a n t r o n g
l a n g nghe sao cho viec ap d u n g k h o a hoc k y t h u ^ t va doi m 6 i cong nghe san x u a t k h o n g l a m m a t d i net doc dao cua san p h a m l a n g nghe - cai tao n e n gia t r i - net v a n
hoa m a n g d a m b a n sic d a n toe cua l a n g nghẹ N h U n g
c u n g k h o n g p h a i la quay lufng l a i vdi k h o a hoc k y t h u a t cong nghe h i e n d a i m a p h a i c6 sii k e t hdp giijfa t a y nghe, t r a n g h i k y t h u a t va cong nghe h i e n d^L ' ,.
r>ni D o i m d i cong nghe san xu&'t la viec l a m cua cac loai h i n h san x u a t t r o n g l a n g nghe t r u y e n t h o n g . K h o n g th e
CO m o t phUdng a n doi mdi cong nghe c h u n g cho teft ca cac
l a n g nghe m a p h a t x u a t tCf n h u cau cua t h i t r U d n g va k h a n a n g , dieu k i e n ciia m 6 i cd s0 m a . t i J cd.sgi dọxac d i n h cho t h i c h hdp, k h a i thac dif^c t r i e t de i|u t h ? cua m i n h t r o n g q u ^ trinh^doi,m4i^';Dieu;can, l a u y ^ t r o n g
cac n g a n h ^ a n - g ^ W t t M # ; n g m y nghe, phuc v u xugit,. mi
k h a u va d u l i c h . So l i i d n g k h a c h d u l i c h den V i e t N a m
h a n g n a m va ho deu c6 n h u cau m u a sim nhQng san
p h a m t h u , cqng m a n g b a n s i c d a n toe cua V i e t N a m l a m v a t l i f u niera cho c h u y e n dj ciia họ Do do, v a n p h a i duy t r i nhOng cong nghe t r u y e n t h o n g , k e t hdp d a n xen giQa CO t r u y e n va h i e n dai, giiJa t h u cong va cd k h i n h a m t h u c d | y . l a n g n g h g p h M t i - i l n , ^ , ^ ^ . ^ r ..nv^rr m n l nh^ - o - v
k^ni<'3.5. Phat trien vd ndng cap ket cau ha tang cd sd cho Idng nghe truyen thong i ner-ft indq RV n^ih qAo
ob ,r;LWu t h o n g h a n g hoa giQ v a i t r o quyet d i n h cua svi
p h a t t r i e n t r o n g nen k i n h te t h i trifdng. D o i v6i sU p h a t t r i e n cua l a n g nghe t r u y e n t h o n g hi en nay, v a n de nay con CO n h i e u diem chiia thao gd dUdc, mot t r o n g nhQng diem (|9.^a,lfiet cau h a t a n g cd sd: dien, diidng, trvfdng, tram:.?, . f . i i/dt ;^htf(?5te ch^''th&y cac con d i i d n g l i e n xa, l i e n t h o n d 'c^^' t&ng nghe v u n g đng b a n g song H o n g h i e n n a y x u o n g cap n g h i e m t r o n g , da so difdng hep, n h i e u doan hong; ve m i i a mUa viec d i l a i r a t k h o k h a n . N h i e u ndi v i
t h i e u difdng giao t h o n g m a san p h a m l a m r a b i xi dong,
k h o n g v a n c h u y e n den n d i t i e u t h u dufdcjurfo ion nfib ^ n o n D i e n phuc v u cho san x u a t con t h i e u , n h a t la vao t h d i v u , gia dien l a i qua cao so v6i q u i d i n h ciia N h a
nif6c, CO cd sd p h a i t r a tdi 1.500d/lKW/h.
,';cr;. M a n g liJdi t h o n g t i n l i e n lac cu ng con t h i e u t h o n , c6 ndi, CO xa chUa c6 t r u sd b i i u dien, nhuEng sach gi6i t h i e u
ve k h o a hoc k y t h u a t , sach t\i hoc va i n t e r n e t chiia p h a t
t r i e n t r o n g l a n g nghẹ
C h i n h v i vay m a viec c u n g cap, x a y d i i n g m d i he t h o n g k e t cau h a t a n g cd sd cho l a n g n g h e t r u y e n t h o n g h i e n nay l a viec l a m cap t h i e t doi vdi sd nghiep cong n g h i e p hoa, h i e n d a i hoa n o n g n g h i e p n o n g t h o n . N h i i n g viec can l a m n g a y la: p h a t t r i e n he t h o n g difdng giao t h o n g n o n g t h o n , n a n g cap va p h a t t r i e n m a n g IxXdi c u n g cap dien va p h a t t r i e n he t h o n g t h o n g t i n l i e n lac.
N h Q n g cong viec nay deu doi h o i c6 sU d a u t i i Idn, do
do l i e u p h a p t o t n h a t l a thuc h i e n theo t i n h t h a n : " n h a
nxidc va n h a n d a n c u n g l a m " . X a h o i hoa n g u o n vo n d a u t\i de t h u h u t m o i n g u o n liic cua n h a n dan, cua cac n h a
hao t a m d a n g s i n h song d nu6c ngoai, cua cac to chijEc, cac doanh nghiep d a n g hoat dong t r e n dia ban... de viec t h u h u t cac n g u o n v o n d a u t u c6 h i e u liJc, c h i n h quyen dia phUdng c u n g can r a nhuEng c h i n h sach c u the, d a m bao q u y e n Idi ve k i n h te va c h i n h t r i cua n h i i n g ca n h a n , t a p t h e t h a m gia gop von xay d i i n g k e t c a u h a t a n g cd sd cho n o n g d a n n o i c h u n g va cho cac l a n g nghe n o i rieng.