nhutng hat nhan nay nhan rong ra toan xạ
Ve to chile thtfc hien, cue khuyen nong trung lidng,
trung tam khuyen nong cap tinh phai can cvL vao dieu kien cua minh {trxidc het la dieu kien ve von) de xay dilng
cac chiidng t r i n h hay chuyen de (cac diem trinh d i i n , huan luyen, toa dam, hoi thao, trien lam, thong tin, tuyen truyen...) tuy theo dieu kien cua tCfng vung hay toan khu
vUc. V i du, chifOng t r i n h ky thuat pho bien canh tac lua
cao san, xay đng vung liia dac san...Cac chiiOng trinh
difa ra va thac hien phai c6 s\i chi dao chat che, phai
danh gia, tong ket, xac dinh hieu qua kinh te xa hoi cua moi chiidng trinh. Tranh khuynh hudng cap tren xa rdi cap dif6i, "dau voi, duoi chuot", "difdc chang hay chci".
- Day manh vd ho trcf uiec di/a tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe: cong nghe:
Do trinh do phat trien ve kinh te d cac vung nong thon dong bang song Hong khong dong deu, nen nhflng tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe diJdc difa vao moi vung cung
CO nhiJEng trinh do rat khac nhau, nhUng nhu cau diia tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vao san xuat d moi cd sd deu 16n.
Hien nay c6 cac kenh chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vao k h u viic dong bang song Hong la: 1). Nhap khau trtfc tiep tCf ben ngoai; 2). Chuyen giao tijf cac
doanh nghiep do t h i hoac t r u n g tam cong nghiep; 3)
Chuyen giao tiL cac cd sd nghien cilu, trien khai ilng
dung tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe trung ifdng va dia phifdng (hien nguon nay da tang len chut i t nhiing con qua nho so v6i nhu cau, trong cong nghiep nho hdn rat nhieu so v6i nong nghiep; 4) Chuyen giao trong noi bo
gii3a cac cd sd trong cCing khu v\ic nong thon dong bang
song Hong hoac v6i cac tinh ngoai k h u vUc.
Viec doi m6i va chuyen giao cac tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe cho nong thon dong bang song Hong dang gap nhQng kho khan chu yeu sau day:
Mot la, cac cd sd thieu von de c6 the chon loai thiet bi, cong nghe phu hdp.
Hai la, cac cd sd thieu thong t i n ve cac loai cong nghe va thiet bi thich hdp.
Ba la, nhu cau ve san pham khong on dinh, t h i
triJdng nho khong cho phep sxi dung cac cong nghe va
thiet bi tien tien, hien daị
Bon la, cac cd sd khong du kien thijfc va kinh
nghiem sxi dung cac cong nghe va thiet bi hien daị
Nam la, dieu kien moi trifdng khong thich hdp cho viec diia cac ky thuat, cong nghe tien tien, hien dai vao nong thon.
Bdi vay, Nha nif6c can c6 nhi3ng chifdng trinh tifdng doi tong hdp nham khuyen khich viec dUa tien bo
khoa hoc, cong nghe vao nong thon. Ngoai cac giai phap tac dong vao t h i trifdng va giai quyet nhu cau ve von, can phai:
+ Danh gia lai cac loai cong nghe, san pham truyen thong va cac dac tinh g&n v6i nhiJng net van hoa thuoc ban sac dan toe can bao ton, ke thCfa, phat trien. Dong bang song Hong von la que hifdng cua cac lang nghe truyen thong. Trong nhi3ng nam doi mdi, diidc tiep siic bang cd che, chinh sach khuyen khich san xuat cua
Dang va Nha nxidc, cac lang nghe cii dUdc khoi phuc va
md rong, cac lang nghe m6i xuat hien, tao ra sU phan cong lao dong m6i d vCing dat hep, ngifdi dong. Theo cac khao sat, chi rieng hai tinh Nam D i n h va Ha Nam nam
1999 da CO 123 lang nghe truyen thong v6i 28195 cd sd
san xuat (gom 10 cong ty trach nhiem hHu han, 3 to hdp, 28 hdp tac xa va 28154 cd sd ho v6i cac nghe td tkm, det
vai, tham theu, may tre dan lat, cd k h i s\ia chiia, che tad, che bien liidng thiic, thUc pham, t h i i cong my nghe). Tinh Thai B i n h c6 tren 400 xa lang nghe truyen thong thu hut 40603 lao dong vao nhieu loai hinh san pham khac nhaụ T i n h Ha Tay c6 lang nghe det lua (dac biet la lang nghe Van Phuc, nam 2000 da t h u hut 1523 lao dong trvic tiep trong só 2559 lao dong ciia xa, chiem 59,9%), lam banh bun... Sii khoi phuc va phat trien cac lang nghe la c^n thiet de tao viec lam, tang t h u nhap cho cac ho nong dan. Song, can phai xac dinh ro cac loai san pham con thich ling v6i dieu kien san xuat va sinh hoat
162
hien nay, c6 the ton tai trong cd che t h i trUdng, c6 the tim kiem dUdc t h i triidng mdi de md rong san xuat va ciing can xac dinh ro nhQng loai nhu cau sti dung giam
dan, khong the t\i ton t a i trong cd che t h i triidng. Day se la nhijtng can ciL cho viec dau t i i khong mang t i n h chat kinh doanh cua Nha nxidc nhhm bao ton cac san pham
mang dac trifng van hoa dan toẹ O day can chu y r^ng khong phai tat ca cac thuoc t i n h cua mot san pham hoac cong nghe truyen thong deu g^n v6i ban sic van hoa dan toẹ Viec dtfa tien bo khoa hoe, cong nghe vao cac lang nghe khong phai la thay the toan bo cac cong doan cua lao dong thia cong, ma chi can thiet d mot só cong doan nham cung cap nhiJng cong cu thich hdp, x i i ly moi trifdng... Phai coi day la siJ ket hdp gii3a truyen thóng va hien dai, nhiJng khong lam mat di tinh chat truyen thóng cua san pham ma van nang cao nang suat lao dong, ha gia thanh san pham, dong thdi con doi hoi nang cao chat lifdng doi ngii nhiing ngiidi lao dong ve t r i n h do ky thuat, cong nghe, trinh do quan ly, kien thilc t h i trUdng. Tat ca lam cho ban sac van hoa dan toe difdc
phat huy vQng chic va eo hieu qua hdn.
+ Xac dinh lai va phat huy vai tro ciia cac cd quan
nghien ciiu cua Nha nxXdc trong viec ho trd dqa tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vao nong thon. Nha nxidc can danh mot khoan kinh phi nhat dinh tU quy nghien ciiu, ling
dung tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe cho cac cd quan nghien cviu cua minh de ho chii dong nghien cijfu, pho bien cho
khu v\ic nong thon. Nhiing ket qua nghien cilu do c6 the dUdc cong bó de s\i dung mi§n phi hoac v6i chi phi thap. dUdc cong bó de s\i dung mi§n phi hoac v6i chi phi thap. NhiJng thu lao cho cac nghien ciiu nay c6 the can cii vao ket qua trien khai trong thiic tẹ Ngoai ra, can nhan manh hdn vai tro cua cac nha khoa hoc, cac vien, cac triidng dai hoc va cac cd quan nghien ciiu khac cua Nha nxidc trong viec pho cap khoa hoc, cong nghe vao nong thon.
+ To chvfc hoac ho trd boat dong cua cac trung tarn khoa hoc, cong nghe hoac cac trung tarn chuyen giao tien khoa hoc, cong nghe hoac cac trung tarn chuyen giao tien bo ky thuat, cong nghe, hinh thanh mot mang ludi nhxi
vay tren pham vi toan khu vtfc, ma trifdc het d nhi3ng ndi CO cong nghiep nong thon phat trien hoac c6 dieu ndi CO cong nghiep nong thon phat trien hoac c6 dieu kien phat trien nhanh. Ngoai cac to chijfc khuyen nong, can cung có va phat trien trung tarn ting dung tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vao nong thon (chu yeu la cap huyen) vdi chiic nang chinh la xing dung tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe va lam dich vu khoa hoc, ky thuat cho cac ho nong dan tren dia ban. Day la mot trong nhQng mo hinh chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vao nong nghiep, nong thon co hieu qua nhat. Cac trung tarn nay hien da hoat dong thanh cong d cac dia phifdng nhii Hai Diidng, Ha Noi, Nam Dinh, ma dien hinh la tram bao ve thiic vat Nam Thanh (Hai DUdng).
Giai phap nay se cho phep tap hdp hie Itfdng khoa hoc, cong nghe cua huyen thanh mot tram hay trung hoc, cong nghe cua huyen thanh mot tram hay trung tarn chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe cho nong
thon, t\i bach toan, t\i tra liidng la chinh, vai tro cua Nha nxidc la dau tif khi hinh thanh va ho trd cho cac Nha nxidc la dau tif khi hinh thanh va ho trd cho cac hoat dong cua nọ Dia ban huyen sd tai va cac dia ban Ian can la "thi triidng tieu thu hang boa" cua trung tarn naỵ Nhiing trung tarn cua Nha nxidc chi nen ton tai khong nhieu, nhUng neu da ton tai, phai phat buy diidc vai tro chu dao (chi phoi, hitdng dkn) cac trung tarn khac. Co the mci rong hoat dong cua cac trung tarn nay xuohg tan lien xa, lien thon hoac quy mo lien huyen diidi cac hinh thiic cau lac bo, cac to chtic khoa hoc, ky thuat...
De nang cao hieu qua chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vao nong thon, phai chu trong dao tao, boi cong nghe vao nong thon, phai chu trong dao tao, boi diidng can bo lam cong tac naỵ Ngoai kien thiic chuyen mon, nhiing ngifdi nay can phai diidc dao tao mot each co he thong ve nghiep vu khuyen nong, pho bien khoa hoc, ky thuat, biet tuyen truyen thuyet phuc nong dan va dong thdi phai la nhiing ngifdi nhiet tinh, nang dong. Tiep tuc doi mdi phifdng thiic hoat dong cua he thong chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vao nong thon. Thiic hien phifdng thiic gkn thu nhap ciia ngvfdi lam khoa hoc v6i thu nhap thiic te cua ngxibi nong dan tren dong ruong, trong trang trai hoac cd sd san xuat kinh doanh thong qua cac hdp dong ky ket giiia cac cd quan chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe vdi ngifdi nong dan va cac to chtic san xuat kinh doanh d nong thon.