... appropriate tothe Vietnamese environment Nevertheless, the lecture cannot escape from shortcomings that the authors would like to insist the tolerance from the users of the lecture andto thank them ... userfriendly to both teachers and students and its clear layout, using both photos and graphics, will make it a very popular choice for those wishing to acquire what are now regarded by many to be mandatory ... fields Look at these photographs of different situations and match them with texts to below A B C D 1) Airline pilots use computers to help them control the plane For example, monitors display...
... where Cb and Vb are, respectively, the capacitance and voltage between the NR andthe CPB island, Cg and Vg are, respectively, the gate capacitance and voltage of the CPB qubit, and CJ is the capacitance ... that the DNA molecules land evenly on the NR and they remain on it In fact, the position on the surface of the resonator where the binding takes place is one factor that strongly affects the resonance ... being the distance between the MW line andthe qubit and μ0 being the vacuum permeability Fq(t) and Fb are controlled, respectively, by the MW current I(t) = Ec cos(ωc t) + Es cos(ωs t + δ ) and the...
... Fig The map tothe left shows the number of cattle herds within each municipality andthe map tothe right shows average number of herds per square kilometres within each municipality In thefollowing ... elite herds are at the top, followed by multipliers, conventional herds, and at the bottom of the pyramid; the slaughter pig herds The strategy of the eradication program is to try to eradicate ... size The density maps are then divided to provide a map that shows the incidence of the particular disease in each area unit at the time unit chosen This function can further provide maps which show...
... to from a latent image of the page to be printed - Dry ink particles are brought into contact with the drum’s surface and these adthere tothe magnetised spots The ink was then pressunal on to ... insertly into the random file provided they are not excessive in number Dis 11 The main problem with the random mode is in achieving a uniform spread of records over the storage are allocated tothe ... devised to contain, roughly the square root of the number of keys in the whole index - The search is first through the block index to find the appropriate block and then through this to find the...
... is then usedto write the image of the character onto the drum - After exposure tothe lazer, the drum rotates through a developing station, picks up toner and transfers it tothe paper - The ... brought into contact with the drum’s surface and these adthere tothe magnetised spots The ink was then pressunal on tothe surface and subsequently transferred onto the paper Question Characteristics ... devised to contain, roughly the square root of the number of keys in the whole index - The search is first through the block index to find the appropriate block and then through this to find the...
... of the functions the TCB performs and of the hardware and/ or firmware mechanisms that areusedto support separate execution domains * The FTLS of the TCB must be shown to be consistent with the ... shall be used by the TCB to authenticate the user's identity andto ensure that the security level and authorizations of subjects external tothe TCB that may be created to act on behalf of the individual ... Identification and authentication data shall be used by the TCB to authenticate the user's identity andto ensure that the security level and authorization of subjects external tothe TCB that...
... subset of the ballots and comparing the totals tothe reported totals Each of these phases represents some risk tothe election process and therefore is a candidate for mitigation The remainder ... processes the memory cards and cards from the field are reused and inserted into the EMS, then an attacker can leverage a single malicious memory card into control of the EMS and, through the EMS, ... checked, the tabulation process then must be checked This can be done by using generic spreadsheet tools (e.g., Excel) to independently read the file and compute the totals and compare them to the...
... said to be running or executing the program • Thetwo most common types of programs are system software and application software Bringing the Machine to Life – System Software • System software ... drive • The most common optical storage devices are CDROM and DVD-ROM drives Software: Bringing the Machine to Life • What is Software? • System Software • Application Software Bringing the Machine ... processed data back tothe user or to another computer system The printer and monitor are examples • Communications devices (such as modems and network interface cards) perform both input and output,...
... 0 1 1 1 ANDand OR are referred to as binary operators, because they require two operands NOT is a unary operator, meaning that it requires only one operand The NOT operator returns the complement ... B = A&B and A&B = A + B These transformations are very useful, because they showthe direct equivalence of ANDand OR functions and how one can be readily converted tothe other XOR and XNOR ... reserve all rights in andtothe work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 andthe right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may...
... base-limit pair The program can access memory between the base andthe limit (b) Use of two base-limit pairs The program code is between Base-1 and Limit-1 whereas the data are between Base-2 and Limit-2 ... to handler (a) Interrupt handler (b) Fig 1-10 (a) The steps in starting an I/O device and getting an interrupt (b) Interrupt processing involves taking the interrupt, running the interrupt handler, ... occurred The return codes are as follows: pid is a process id, fd is a file descriptor, n is a byte count, position is an offset within the file, and seconds is the elapsed time The parameters are...
... power to add or detract The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here tothe ... which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced It is rather for us to be here dedicated tothe great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to ... conceived in liberty, and dedicated tothe proposition that all men are created equal Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,...
... Cn2 Cn3 Cnm Rn1 Rn2 Rn3 Rnm Row n is current allocation to process n Row is what process needs Fig 3-6 The four data structures needed by the deadlock detection algorithm 2 1) Current allocation ... example for the deadlock detection algorithm ;; ;; ; B Printer u (Both processes finished) I8 I7 I6 t Plotter I5 r s A p I1 q I2 I3 I4 Printer Plotter Fig 3-8 Two process resource trajectories Has ... resources( ); up(&resource 2); up(&resource 1); } (b) (a) Fig 3-1 Using a semaphore to protect resources (a) One resource (b) Two resources typedef int semaphore; semaphore resource 1; semaphore resource...
... at time 20 and A has its R bit set The numbers above the pages are their loading times A B L K C J D I E H When a page fault occurs, the page the hand is pointing to is inspected The action ... memory with five processes and three holes The tick marks showthe memory allocation units The shaded regions (0 in the bitmap) are free (b) The corresponding bitmap (c) The same information as ... Fig 4-19 The aging algorithm simulates LRU in software Shown are six pages for five clock ticks The five clock ticks are represented by (a) to (e) w(k,t) k Fig 4-20 The working set is the set...
... Scroll the screen backward if the cursor is on the top line Fig 5-37 The ANSI escape sequences accepted by the terminal driver on output ESC denotes the ASCII escape character (0x1B), and n, m, and ... Expand a bitmap to fill a rectangle Copy a rectangle from one part of the frame buffer to another Convert a rectangle from television color (YUV) to RGB Fig 5-48 Messages used in the SLIM protocol ... CreateWindow ( ) /* allocate storage for the window */ ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow); /* display the window on the screen */ UpdateWindow(hwnd); /* tell the window to paint itself */ while (GetMessage(&msg,...
... B, and C Root directory A A B A B C C C User directory C Files Fig 6-8 A two- level directory system The letters indicate the owners of the directories and files Root directory User directory ... changed Fig 6-24 A file system to be dumped The squares are directories andthe circles are files The shaded items have been modified since the last dump Each directory and file is labeled by its ... containing the attributes Fig 6-16 (a) A simple directory containing fixed-size entries with the disk addresses and attributes in the directory entry (b) A directory in which each entry just refers to...
... Sampling the sine wave (c) Quantizing the samples to bits Scan line The next field starts here Scan line painted on the screen Time 11 13 15 483 Horizontal retrace Vertical retrace Fig 7-5 The ... 17 18 19 20 Rank Fig 7-20 The curve gives Zipf’s law for N = 20 The squares represent the populations of the 20 largest cities in the U.S., sorted on rank order (New York is 1, Los Angeles is 2, ... (about 15 into the movie) Fig 7-19 Optimal frame placement for near video on demand 0.300 Frequency 0.250 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.050 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Rank Fig 7-20 The curve gives...
... Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Shared memory Shared memory Shared memory (a) (b) (c) Fig 8-22 Various layers where shared memory can be implemented (a) The hardware (b) The ... C (a) D (b) E F (c) Fig 8-35 (a) Two file servers The squares are directories andthe circles are files (b) A system in which all clients have the same view of the file system (c) A system in ... model I/O CPU CPU CPU CPU Runs users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS I/O Memory OS Locks Bus Fig 8-9 The SMP multiprocessor model CPU Word...
... vector Printer vector Sys call traps Disk vector Clock vector Printer vector Sys call traps Disk vector Clock vector Printer vector (a) (b) (c) Fig 9-15 (a) After the virus has captured all the ... the interrupt and trap vectors (b) After the operating system has retaken the printer interrupt vector (c) After the virus has noticed the loss of the printer interrupt vector and recaptured ... (a) The client, server, and collaborator processes (b) The encapsulated server can still leak tothe collaborator via covert channels Server Server locks file to send Server unlocks file to send...
... thread Share umask, root, and working dirs Share the file descriptors Share the signal handler table New thread gets old PID Fig 10-10 Bits in the sharing flags bitmap Meaning when cleared Create ... using the real UID and GID Get the real UID Get the effective UID Get the real GID Get the effective GID Change owner and group Set the UID Set the GID Fig 10-39 Some system calls relating to security ... Examine or change the signal mask Get the set of blocked signals Replace the signal mask and suspend the process Send a signal to a process Set the alarm clock Suspend the caller until the next signal...