... the class of (M − L)-molecules, respectively The first term ofthe right-hand side of Eq (12.1) is the total weight loss inthe class of M -molecules due to the direct consumption andthe β -oxidation, ... -oxidation, andthe second term represents the weight conversion from the class of (M + L)-molecules to the class of M molecules due to the β -oxidation 285 286 12 ModelingandSimulationof Microbial ... (12.33) For these c(K ) and d(M ), Eq (12.32) is the model originally proposed for the enzymatic degradation of PVA Incasethe weight of degraded molecules are uniformly distributed over the interval...
... Solving the Model 11 Solving the Model 12 Solving the Model Define and predict the long term benefits 13 Solving the Model Define and predict the long term benefits Asses the risks 14 Solving the ... control, fertilizing, pruning and thinning, fire and pest protection Inflows:wood; commercial thinning, final harvest non-wood; flora gathering, recreation, land renewal Required rate of return ... the Model Define and predict the long term benefits Asses the risks Estimate the cash flows 15 Solving the Model Define and predict the long term benefits Asses the risks Estimate the cash flows...
... and genetic algorithms, or their combinations) for themodelingandsimulationof complex andnonlinear systems Finally, chapters address the discrete systems modelingThe schematic outline of ... to the objectives ofthe study In this caseof study of a banking system, possible state variables are the number of busy tellers, the number of customers inthe bank, andthe line of arrival of ... thinking and systems approach facilitates us to have a thorough understanding ofthe basic structure ofthe system Modeling andSimulationof Systems Using MATLAB and Simulink 16 Husband Husband...
... θ−1 ω), and these two quantities are not equal in general Inthecaseof SRS, the link between the different types of coupling is established inthe following theorem Theorem 2.9.– Let Z and Y ... 1.8 The change inthe system load with time This graph is used to find the departure time inthecaseof a FIFO discipline, therefore to represent the change inthe number of customers inthe ... Example.– The M/M/1 queue is the queuing system where the inter-arrivals andthe service times are independent of exponential distribution and there is one server The waiting room is ofin nite size and...
... processes and channels inthe application model andthe virtual processors and buffers inthe mapping layer The only difference is that the buffers inthe mapping layer are limited in size, and their ... attributes init, cond, and loop YML interprets the values of these attributes as a script element The init is evaluated once at the beginning of set element processing, cond is evaluated at the beginning ... maximum processing time inthe system, total power consumption ofthe system, andthe cost ofthe architecture This section aims at giving an overview ofthe formulation ofthe mapping problem which...
... overlapping subdomain between the continuum and molecular domains Indeed, the molecular and continuum domains are attached with each other via the interfaces Gint in this paper In other words, there ... part ofthe nanotube is embedded inthe metal paddle We believe this portion ofthe nanotube has an insignificant effect on the momentum of inertia ofthe metal paddle Therefore, the nanotube in ... atoms on the interface Gint In Fig 1, l is the length ofthe carbon nanotube at each side, and d represents the diameter ofthe tube The metal paddle has the dimensions of length a, width b, and thickness...
... equilibrium point tends to return to that point, then we call that point a point of stability or stable point, andthe equilibrium is said to be stable Otherwise, we say that the point is one of instability ... Thus, for the appropriate choices ofthe α’s and β’s, the central force potential in Equation (1.30) is stable for motion inthe normal direction, i.e., the line connecting the centers ofthe particles ... work done by the external and internal forces It is advantageous to decompose the kinetic energy into the translation ofthe center of mass andthe motion relative to the center of mass This...
... Thus, inthe preceding numerical examples, when we kept the ratio α1 constant, but in 2 creased α1 (while keeping m constant), we were effectively increasing the “stiffness” inthe system and, therefore, ... certain frequencies In order to qualitatively tie this directly to the form of problem considered in this work, consider a linearization of a single nonlinear differential equation, describing the ... escapes from the control volume, the position component is reversed andthe velocity component is retained (now incoming) Thus, for example, if the x1 component ofthe position vector for the ith...
... introduced into the remaining population of best-performing genetic strings, andthe process (a)–(e) is then repeated The term “fitness” of a genetic string is used to indicate the value ofthe objective ... example, in many processes, intentional charging and heating of particulates, such as those in inkjet printers, is critical Thus, in addition to the calculation ofthe dynamics ofthe particles inthe ... charging and thermochemical coupling, are of interest Such systems arise inthe study of clustering and aggregation of particles in natural science applications where particles collide, cluster, and...
... in a system, dictated by the first law of thermodynamics Accordingly, we require the time rate of change ofthe sum ofthe kinetic energy (K) andthe stored energy (S) to be equal to the sum of ... primarily random molecular motion (diffusion) andthe other due to bulk motion of a fluid, in our case a gas, surrounding the particles As we have indicated, inthe applications of interest, the gas ... www.siam.org/books/cs04 41All other parameters are the same as inthe previous simulations Inthecaseof slow impact, the clouds combine to form a larger cloud, and when the impact is fast, they disperse ✐...
... presence of a fluid medium surrounding the particles We now focus on themodelingandsimulationofthe dynamics of particles, coupled with a surrounding fluid, while bringing in several ofthe effects ... example, Ein , Ej n , and Dij , are obtained by using the most current known values ofthe i ’s during the iterative solution process In other words, the interaction forces are updated during the iterations, ... the temperature ofthe ambient fluid, hc is the convection coefficient (using Newton’s law of cooling), and θs is the temperature ofthe far-field surface (for example, a container surrounding the...
... the generation of heat due to the drag forces, the thermal softening ofthe particles, andthe thermal dependency ofthe fluid viscosity Because the coupling ofthe various particle and fluid fields ... beyond the scope of this introductory treatment, have geometrical optics, or ray-tracing, as their starting point Therefore, a clear understanding of ray-tracing is crucial inthe study of more ... Clearly, the rate of flow of energy is proportional to the square ofthe amplitude ofthe electric field and, in isotropic media, which we consider for the duration ofthe work, the flow of energy...
... governing the interconversions of mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy in a system, dictated by the first law of thermodynamics Accordingly, we require the time rate of change ofthe sum ofthe ... primarily because ofthe refraction of different wavelengths of light, leading to a dramatic growth inthe number of rays of varying intensities and color (wavelength) The inclusion of these effects ... nonlinear manner on ˆ the particulate length scale (L) Furthermore, there is a distinct minimum value of L to just block all ofthe incoming rays A typical visualization for a simulationof the...
... RBCs die and are scavenged each second), andthe iron in their hemoglobin (which gives them their characteristic dark color) is reclaimed for reuse The remainder ofthe heme portion ofthe molecule ... exited the −2 domain, which corresponded to a time scale on the order of 10 c m , where c is the speed of light The initial velocity vector for all ofthe initially collinear rays making up the ... (c, 0, 0) 75 Because ofthe normalized structure ofthe metric, it is insensitive to the magnitude of I for the scattering o √ calculations The initial magnitude ofthe Poynting vector is ||I (0)||...
... Reflection and ray-tracing Now we turn to the problem of determining the p-wave scattering by large numbers of randomly distributed particles Ray-tracing We consider cases where the particles are inthe ... the range of 10−4 m ≤ d ≤ 10−3 m andthe wavelengths are inthe range of 10−6 m ≤ λ ≤ 10−5 m In such cases, geometric raytracing can be used to determine the amount of propagating incident energy ... traveling (incident), ci is the corresponding sound speed in that medium, and Ai is the corresponding acoustical impedance The relationship (the law of refraction) between the incident and transmitted...
... Computational design of swarms The International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol 57, 2205–2219 [210] Zohdi, T I 2004 Modelingandsimulationof a class of coupled thermo-chemomechanical ... Transactions ofthe Royal Society: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol 361, 1021–1043 [212] Zohdi, T I 2004 Modelingand direct simulationof near-field granular flows The International ... 2005 Charge-induced clustering in multifield granular flow The International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol 62, 870–898 [218] Zohdi, T I 2006 Computation ofthe coupled thermo-optical...
... Hence, the resonance frequency ofthe structure can be increased by increasing the spring constant and decreasing the proof mass, while the quality factor ofthe device can be increased by reducing ... restoring force from the mechanical spring andthe dam ping force from the viscous damping The equation o f motion ofthe p ro o f m ass can be w ritten as: Modelingandsimulation o f the capacitive ... rem ains the sam e As show n in Eq 2.19, the output voltage is dependent o f the am plifier gain inthe forw ard path and is inversely proportional to the gain inthe feedback path Therefore, the...