An attitudinal analysis of english and vietnamese love songs from the perspective of appraisal th

THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES NGUYỄN HUỲNH DIỄM MY AN ATTITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LOVE SONGS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF APPRAISAL THEORY Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Code: 822.02.01 MASTER THESIS IN LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL STUDIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES Da Nang, 2020 THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES NGUYỄN HUỲNH DIỄM MY AN ATTITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LOVE SONGS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF APPRAISAL THEORY Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Code: 822.02.01 MASTER THESIS IN LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL STUDIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES SUPERVISOR: NGŨ THIỆN HÙNG, Ph D Da Nang, 2020 i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby certify this thesis “An Attitudinal Analysis of English and Vietnamese Love Songs from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory” is my own work No other person’s work has been used without the acknowledgement in the thesis This paper has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Da Nang, 2020 Nguyễn Huỳnh Diễm My ii ABSTRACT The present study examined two sub-categories of Attitude, Affect and Judgement, in lyrics of English and Vietnamese love songs in the light of Appraisal Theory The study aimed to investigate the semantic values and syntactic realizations of Attitude sub-categories from 50 English love songs and 50 Vietnamese ones This descriptive study employed the qualitative method to describe and interpret the data of the sub-categories of Affect and Judgement in terms of semantics and syntax In addition, quantitative method was also applied to show the distributions and occurrences of instances of Affect and Judgement in English and Vietnamese love songs’ lyrics by some statistical tables The findings of the research revealed that the two sub-categories of Attitude could be recognized in various groups and phrase Moreover, the study worked out typical functions of Affect and Judgement as components in Mental and Behavioural processes Semantically, the findings showed that all Appraisal evaluating values were reflected in English and Vietnamese love songs The study also put forward some implications to comprehending of the sub-categories of Attitude in the love songs and provided the teachers and university students majoring in English with practical implications to evaluate a discourse fragment and interpret a discourse fragment in the light of Appraisal Theory and in line with Systemic Functional Linguistics iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement Of Authorship i Abstract ii Table Of Contents iii List Of Abbreviations vi List Of Tables viii List Of Figures ix List Of Charts xi Chapter One INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .4 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS .4 1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY .5 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .7 2.1 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES 2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .11 2.2.1 Appraisal Theory 11 2.2.2 Affect and Judgement as Two Sub-categories of Attitude .13 2.2.2.1 The Sub-Category Affect 14 2.2.2.2 The Sub-Category Judgement 17 2.2.3 Syntactic Realizations of Affect and Judgement in View of Systemic Functional Linguistics 20 2.2.4 Love Songs .25 iv 2.3 SUMMARY 26 Chapter Three RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .27 3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 27 3.2 RESEARCH METHOD 27 3.3 DATA COLLECTION 28 3.3.1 Sampling of Study 28 3.3.2 Description of Data .29 3.3.3 Instruments of Data Collection .30 3.3.4 Procedure of Data Collection 30 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS 30 3.5 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY 31 3.6 SUMMARY 31 Chapter Four FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 32 4.1 SEMANTIC VALUES OF AFFECT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LOVE SONGS 32 4.1.1 Semantic Values of Affect in English and Vietnamese Love Songs .32 4.1.1.1 Un/Happiness Meaning of Affect 33 4.1.1.2 In/Security Meaning of Affect 37 4.1.1.3 Dis/Satisfaction Meaning of Affect 41 4.1.1.4 Dis/Inclination Meaning of Affect 45 4.1.2 Semantic Values of Judgement in English and Vietnamese Love Songs 49 4.1.2.1 Social Esteem 49 4.1.2.2 Social Sanction 56 4.2 SYNTACTIC REALIZATIONS OF AFFECT AND JUDGEMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LOVE SONGS .60 4.2.1 Affect and Judgement Realized as Nominal Group .60 4.2.2 Affect and Judgement Realized as Verbal Group 70 v 4.2.2.1 Affect Realized as Verbal Group in Mental Process 70 4.2.2.2 Affect and Judgement Realized as Verbal Group in Behavioural Process 72 4.2.3 Affect and Judgement Realized as Adverbial Group .73 4.2.4 Affect and Judgement Realized as Prepositional Group 75 4.3 DISCUSSION 76 4.3.1 Distribution of Affect and Judgement in English and Vietnamese Love Songs 76 4.3.1.1 Distribution of Affect in English and Vietnamese Love Songs 76 4.3.1.2 Distribution of Judgement in English and Vietnamese Love Songs 78 4.3.1.3 Distribution of Affect and Judgement in English and Vietnamese Love Songs 80 4.3.2 Contrastive Analysis of Affect and Judgement in English and Vietnamese Love Songs: Similarities and Differences 81 4.4 SUMMARY 82 Chapter Five CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 85 5.1 CONCLUSIONS 84 5.2 IMPLICATIONS 85 5.2.1 To the Teachers 85 5.2.2 To the Language Learners 86 5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 86 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH .87 REFERENCES 88 APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………………… 93 QUYẾT ĐỊNH GIAO ĐỀ TÀI (bản sao) vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (+) Positive attitude (-) Negative attitude Cap Capacity Judgement Hap Happiness Affect Incl Inclination Affect Norm Normality Judgement PP Preposition Phrases Prop Propriety Judgement Sat Satisfaction Affect Sec Security Affect SFG Systemic Functional Grammar SFL Systemic Functional Linguistic Ten Tenacity Judgement Ver Veracity Judgement vii LIST OF TABLES Number Name of Tables Page 2.1 Affect – Un/happiness 14 2.2 Affect – In/security 15 2.3 Affect – Dis/satisfaction 16 2.4 Affect – Dis/inclination 17 2.5 Judgement - Social Esteem 18 2.6 Judgement - Social Sanction 18 2.7 Typical Functions of Group and Phrase Classes 22 4.1 Un/happiness Realizations of Affect in English Songs 34 4.2 Un/happiness Realizations of Affect in Vietnamese Songs 36 4.3 In/security Realizations of Affect in English Songs 38 4.4 In/security Realizations of Affect in Vietnamese Songs 40 4.5 Dis/Satisfaction Realizations of Affect in English Love Songs 42 4.6 Dis/Satisfaction Realizations of Affect in Vietnamese Love 44 Songs 4.7 Dis/Inclination Realizations of Affect in English Love Songs 46 4.8 Dis/Inclination Realizations of Affect in Vietnamese Love 48 Songs 4.9 Normality Realizations of Judgement in Love Songs 51 4.10 Capacity Realizations of Judgement in Love Songs 53 4.11 Tenacity Realizations of Judgement in Love Songs 55 4.12 Veracity Realizations of Judgement in Love Songs 57 4.13 Propriety Realizations of Judgement in Love Songs 59 4.14 Summary Structures of Affect and Judgement as Nominal 68 Groups 4.15 Summary of Syntactic Realizations of Affect and Judgement 76 viii In English and Vietnamese Love Songs 4.16 Frequency of Semantic Values of Affect in English and 77 Vietnamese Love Songs 4.17 Frequency of Semantic Values of Judgement in English and 78 Vietnamese Love Songs 4.18 Frequency of Semantic Values of Affect and Judgement in both English and Vietnamese Love Songs 81 84 realizations were found out in the thesis However, it is claimed that the differences of semantic values in language of Affect and Judgement in English and Vietnamese might not be pointed out 85 Chapter Five CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 5.1 CONCLUSIONS The thesis “An Attitudinal Analysis of English and Vietnamese Love Songs from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory” examined semantic values and syntactic realizations of the two sub-categories of Attitude, Affect and Judgement in English and Vietnamese love songs’ lyrics Semantically, the investigation of Affect and Judgement were conducted based on semantic types suggested by Martin and White (2005) The results show that Affect and Judgement values cover all of the sub-types with positive and negative values This shows the optimistic views of the appraisers - the songwriters and their great effort to create the interpersonal meaning to transfer messages about mixed and colourful emotions of love Syntactically, the two sub-categories of Attitude can be recognized in forms of nominal groups, verbal groups, adverbial groups and prepositional phrases regardless of their unequal distribution among the two sub-categories and their subtypes Most of syntactic group structures such as nominal groups, and verbal groups can be realized in all the two sub-categories However, some forms of structures such as adverbial groups and prepositional phrases are restricted to a certain category Furthermore, the employment of syntactic structures in the sub-categories is different between English and Vietnamese data Especially, in the nominal structure, there is a difference in word order between English and Vietnamese In details, Epithet comes before Thing in English while Epithet is after the Thing in Vietnamese Moreover, some forms of nominal group can be realized as Affect in both English and Vietnamese, as Judgement only in English, and these structures cannot be found as Judgement in Vietnamese With the function of verbal group in Clause as Representation, Affect and Judgement can be realized via behaviour and mental processes in both English and 86 Vietnamese However, only Affect as verbal group can be realized in both English and Vietnamese 5.2 IMPLICATIONS In this thesis, the findings provide the language teacher and learners with both semantic and syntactic knowledge of attitudinal evaluation in the light of Appraisal Appraisal Theory as well as SFL is among specialised linguistic disciplines which provide language teachers and learners with profound understanding of the language nature in use Therefore, this thesis, which employed one of those facets, is expected to be helpful for teachers and learners themselves to a certain extent to increase their ability to communicate and fully employ the beauty of language with its diversity and variety 5.2.1 To the Teachers It is essential to keep up with new approaches in modern linguistics, especially with Appraisal Theory in the general frame of SFL This thesis may be a useful reference resource which to a certain extent provides teachers with knowledge of evaluating feelings and behaviours as well as attitudinal assessments With the results of the investigation, teachers will probably have an overview of Attitude sub-categories, Affect and Judgement, in the aspects of syntax and semantics to support their teaching Dealing with evaluating language, learners may get confused among Affect and Judgement Through the findings, teachers may help learners distinguish these types of Attitude and avoid using wrong sub-categories in particular context Besides, teachers may get knowledge of structures of groups and phrases, the representation of clauses and how to identify them They also have well preparation of sub-types of attitude meaning in particular context Moreover, teachers can design exercises about attitude to help learners understand and use it well Thus, they can help their learners to approach a text in light of Appraisal Theory to successfully interpret the interpersonal meaning which is embedded in the text to convey what the author wants to inspire his readers This is also helpful 87 approach which should be encouraged to keep up with new trend of modern linguistics and to improve learners’ ability of communication and interaction 5.2.2 To the Language Learners It is very necessary for university learners who major in English to enrich their ability in comprehending and using the language in order to enhance their communicative ability If learners have a chance to study Appraisal Theory, many of them may have difficulties in acquiring the comprehension of content and structures of Attitude sub-categories They may get confused in understanding Attitude sub-categories that speakers/writers mentioned about This limitation may be due to the unawareness of different types of Attitude sub-categories and how to use it effectively Through the results of the study, learners may have knowledge of Attitude sub-categories that speakers/writers use to express their intention, their opinion, their feeling, their emotion and their attitude They should pay attention to structures of groups and processes Also, they should focus on meaning types of Attitude such as Un/happiness, Dis/Inclination, Capacity, Tenacity, and Veracity meaning As the result, learners may interpret a discourse effectively in view of Appraisal effectively 5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The thesis is limited in the scope of syntactic and semantic realizations of Affect and Judgement in group and phrase levels in 50 English love songs and 50 Vietnamese ones The results of the investigation, to a certain extent, have met the setting goals of the study However, weaknesses are inevitable in the thesis Due to the limited time, we have not been able to explore the problem as deeply as we had desired Additionally, on account of researcher’s narrow knowledge about the significance of Appraisal Theory, and the reality about the emotional feeling when the authors 88 wrote the songs, we have not been able to highlight the profound evaluative values of the love songs Therefore, the thesis has not achieved the satisfactory depth as expected 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Here are some suggestions for further research: - An Investigation into Stylistic Devices of Attitude in English and Vietnamese love songs; - An Investigation into Linguistic Devices of Graduation in English and Vietnamese love songs; - An Investigation into the Language of Affect in Trịnh Công Sơn’s Songs and Their English Translations in the Appraisal Perspective 89 REFERENCES Abrahamsson, B (2011) Gender Roles in Pop Lyrics a discourse analysis of the lyrics of Lady Gaga Essay, Department of Languages and Literatures/ English, University of Gothenburg Adit, J., et al (2015) Emotion Analysis of Songs Based on Lyrical and Audio Features International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA), 6(3), 35-50 Bloor, T & Bloor, M (1995), The Functional Analysis of English A Hallidayan Approach London: Edward Arnold Butt, B., Fahey, S., Feez, S and Yallop C (2000) Using Functional Grammar: An Explorer’s Guide, Macquarie University: National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research Chomsky, N (1957) Syntactic Structures The Hague: Mouton Crismore, M (1989) Talking with readers: Meta-Discourse as Rhetorical Act, New York: Peter Lang Crystal, D (1992) An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Language and Languages UK: Blackwell Publisher Delahunty, G P., & Garvey, J J (1994) Language, Grammar, and Communication - A course for Teachers of English Mc Graw-Hill, Inc Eggins, S (1994) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics London: Cassell Fryer, D L (2013) Exploring the dialogism of academic discourse: Heteroglossic Engagement in medical research articles University of Gothenburg Halliday, M.A.K (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar London: Armold Halliday, M.A.K (2004) An Introduction to Functional Grammar London: 90 Armold Hunston, S and Thompson, G (Eds.) Evaluation in text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse Oxford University Press, 142-175 Hyland, K (2005) “Stance and Engagement: a Model Instruction in Academic Discourse”, Discourse Study 7, 173-377 Jackson, H (1990) Grammar and Meaning: A Semantic Approach to English Grammar London: Longman James, C (1992) Contrastive Analysis Longman Singapore Publishers (Pte) Ltd Juana, I M A and Begoña, N P (2006) “Evaluation and Engagement in Journalistic Commentary and News Reportage”, Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, 225-248 Liu, X (2010) “An application of Appraisal Theory to teaching reading in China”, Journal of Language Teaching and Research 1(2), 133-135 Lock, G (1996) Functional English Grammar: An introduction for second language teachers Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Love, K (2006) “Appraisal in online discussions of literature texts”, Text and Talk, Volume 26, Issue 2, 217-244 Martin, J.R (2000) “Beyond Exchange: Appraisal Systems in English”, In Hunston, S and Thompson, G (Eds.), Evaluation in text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse Oxford University Press, 142-175 Martin, J.R and White, P.R.R (2005) The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English Palgrave Macmillan Publishers, Ltd Martin, J R., & Rose, D (2007) Working with Discourse—meaning beyond the clause London: Continuum 91 Nguyễn Văn Khôi (2006) Proclaim Markers in English and Vietnamese on the Appraisal Framework M.A Thesis, the University of Danang Nguyễn Thanh Tâm (2014) A study of the semantic features of Explicit Judgements in political speeches in American English M.A Thesis, the University of Danang Nguyễn Thị Thuận (2003) Danh hóa Tiếng Việt đại Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Vietnam National University, Hanoi Read, J., Hope, D & Carroll, J (2007) “Annotating Expressions of Appraisal in English”, Proceeding of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop, Prague, 93100 Searle, J.R (1969) Speech Acts Cambridge University Press Thompson, C (2002) A Critical Discourse Analysis of World Music as the ‘Other’ in Education Research Music and education Journal, 19 (1), 14-21 Tracy, K et al (2015) The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction, 2, 54-55 The Wiley Blackwell-ICA international encyclopedias of communication West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, Wiley Trần Hữu Thuần (2014) A study of Appreciation in football commentaries in English and Vietnamese M.A Thesis, the University of Danang White, P R R (2003) “Beyond modality and Hedging: a dialogic view of the language of intersubjective stance”, Text-special Edition on Appraisal, 23(2), 259-284 White, P R R (2012) Attitudinal meanings, translational commensurability and linguistic relativity Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 65, 147-159 White, P R R (2015) Appraisal theory In K Tracy (Ed.), International encyclopedia of language and social interaction (1-7) Hoboken, U.S.A: Wiley-Blackwell 92 Xiaqing, L (2016) An Attitudinal Analysis of English Song Discourse from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory Journal of Language Teaching and Research, (3), 559-565 Yule, G (1997) Pragmatics, Oxford University Press Yuningsih (2018) An Appraisal Analysis: The Interpersonal Meanings in The Discourse of a Lyric Getsempena English Education Journal (GEEJ), 5(2), 174-181 WEBSITE En.Wikipedia.org, Song, 20 April 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/132-music-is-the-universal-language-ofmankind (Quotes by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow) http://grammatics.com/appraisal/index.html http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/appraisal_theory.htm https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323993503_Attitude_in_Appraisal_Theor y_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_English_Versions_of_Changgan_Xing\ https://epdf.pub/language-of-evaluation-appraisal-in-english.html 93 SOURCES OF THE DATA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_John_Lennon (John Lennon’s List of Songs) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Paul_McCartney (Paul McCartney ’s List of Songs) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Elton_John_songs (Elton John’s List of Songs) https://www.whereseric.com/the-vault/song-information/alphabetical-list-songseric-clapton (Eric Clapton’s List of Songs) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_Adele (Adele’s List of Songs) https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_sách_bài_hát_của_Trịnh_Công_Sơn (Trịnh Công Sơn’s List of Songs) https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyễn_Ánh_9#Danh_sách_tác_phẩm (Nguyễn Ánh 9’s List of Songs) https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dương_Thụ#Nhạc_phẩm (Dương Thụ’s List of Songs) https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bảo_Chấn#Danh_mục_nhạc_phẩm (Bảo Chấn’s List of Songs) https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Đức_Trí#Sản_xuất (Đức Trí’s List of Songs) https://www.lyrics.com/ (Resource for English Song Lyrics) https://lyric.tkaraoke.com/ and http://www.lyrics.vn/ (Resource for Vietnamese Song Lyrics) 94 APPENDIX Lists of 50 English Love Songs and 50 Vietnamese Love Songs List of 50 English Love Songs NO NAME OF ENGLISH LOVE SONGS NAME OF SONGWRITERS (Just Like) Starting Over John Lennon Aisumasen (I’m Sorry) John Lennon Bless You John Lennon Grow Old with Me John Lennon Jealous Guy John Lennon Love John Lennon Oh My Love John Lennon Oh Yoko! John Lennon Out the Blue John Lennon 10 Woman John Lennon 11 Beautiful Night Paul McCartney 12 I Saw Her Standing There Paul McCartney 13 Love in Song Paul McCartney 14 My Love Paul McCartney 15 One More Kiss Paul McCartney 16 Silly Love Songs Paul McCartney 17 The Loveliest Thing Paul McCartney 18 This Never Happened Before Paul McCartney 19 Turn out Paul McCartney 20 Warm and Beautiful Paul McCartney 21 Anything for Your Love Eric Clapton 22 Bad Love Eric Clapton 23 Easy Now Eric Clapton 24 Have You Ever Loved a Woman Eric Clapton 25 I Will Be There Eric Clapton 95 26 Layla Eric Clapton 27 Lovin' You Lovin' Me Eric Clapton 28 Old Love Eric Clapton 29 Promises Eric Clapton 30 Tell Me That You Love Me Eric Clapton 31 Dear John Elton John 32 Love Song Elton John 33 No Valentines Elton John 34 Part Time Love Elton John 35 River Runs Deep Elton John 36 Sacrifice Elton John 37 Thunder in the Night Elton John 38 True Love Elton John 39 When a Woman Doesn’t Want You Elton John 40 Your Song Elton John 41 Can't Let Go Adele 42 Don't You Remember Adele 43 He Won't Go Adele 44 Hello Adele 45 I'll Be Waiting Adele 46 One and Only Adele 47 Rolling in the Deep Adele 48 Set Fire to the Rain Adele 49 Someone Like You Adele 50 Why Do You Love Me Adele 96 List of 50 Vietnamese Love Songs NO NAME OF VIETNAMESE LOVE SONGS NAME OF SONGWRITERS Biển nhớ Trịnh Công Sơn Cịn tơi với Trịnh Cơng Sơn Diễm xưa Trịnh Công Sơn Đợi bước anh Trịnh Công Sơn Giáng ngọc Trịnh Công Sơn Hãy khóc em Trịnh Cơng Sơn Nắng thủy tinh Trịnh Công Sơn Quỳnh hương Trịnh Công Sơn Ru em ngón xn nồng Trịnh Cơng Sơn 10 Tình xa Trịnh Cơng Sơn 11 Ai đưa em Nguyễn Ánh 12 Biệt khúc Nguyễn Ánh 13 Buồn chào mi Nguyễn Ánh 14 Cô đơn Nguyễn Ánh 15 Đêm tình yêu Nguyễn Ánh 16 Lặng lẽ tiếng dương cầm Nguyễn Ánh 17 Lối Nguyễn Ánh 18 Một lời cuối cho em Nguyễn Ánh 19 Tình khúc chiều mưa Nguyễn Ánh 20 Xin đừng nói u tơi Nguyễn Ánh 21 Bài ca chưa viết hết lời Bảo Chấn 22 Bài ca đêm Bảo Chấn 23 Bên em biển rộng Bảo Chấn 24 Biết yêu hết mong chờ Bảo Chấn 25 Đêm anh mơ em Bảo Chấn 26 Giấc mơ tuyệt vời Bảo Chấn 27 Hoa cỏ mùa xuân Bảo Chấn 97 28 Một ngày mùa đông Bảo Chấn 29 Nỗi nhớ dịu êm Bảo Chấn 30 Và mưa tới Bảo Chấn 31 Ai khóc nỗi đau Đức Trí 32 Anh nhớ Đức Trí 33 Cho em lần yêu Đức Trí 34 Chuyện người gái Đức Trí 35 Có qn đâu Đức Trí 36 Lúc u Đức Trí 37 Tơi tìm thấy tơi Đức Trí 38 Ước mơ đời Đức Trí 39 Xanh bạc mái đầu Đức Trí 40 Yêu thương mong manh Đức Trí 41 Bây biển mùa đông Dương Thụ 42 Cho em ngày Dương Thụ 43 Hát cho anh Dương Thụ 44 Họa mi hót mưa Dương Thụ 45 Lắng nghe mùa xuân Dương Thụ 46 Nghe mưa Dương Thụ 47 Ơ nắng Dương Thụ 48 Phố mùa đông Dương Thụ 49 Tháng tư Dương Thụ 50 Vẫn hát lời tình yêu Dương Thụ ... the author and the reader So, through a preliminary analysis of characteristics of the distribution of attitude resources, the thesis ? ?An Attitudinal Analysis of English and Vietnamese Love Songs. .. containing the meaning of Affect and Judgement 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS Within the framework of the study, 988 instances of Affect and Judgement in both English and Vietnamese were used as the data for the analysis. .. analysis of the study Then they were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in terms of the attitude meaning within Appraisal theory and the linguistic realizations of these semantic and syntactic