(Luận văn thạc sĩ) reseach on building models of community based tourism (the case of giang mo village, cao phong district, hoa binh province luận văn ths khu vực học 60 31 60

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES  - DANG HOANG GIANG RESEARCH ON BUILDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY- BASED TOURISM (CASE STUDY OF GIANG MO VILLAGE, CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE) MASTER THESIS Speciality: Vietnamese Studies Hanoi, 2011 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES  - DANG HOANG GIANG RESEARCH ON BUILDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY- BASED TOURISM (CASE STUDY OF GIANG MO VILLAGE, CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE) MASTER THESIS Speciality: Vietnamese Studies Code: 60.31.60 Supervisor: Dr LE ANH TUAN Hanoi, 2011 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Reason for theme Aims and objectives History of the research problem Subject and scope of the research Research Methodology The layout of the thesis Chapter 1: THEORITIACL AND PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM 10 1.1 History and opinions of the formation of community - based tourism 10 1.1.1 History of the formation of community - based tourism 10 1.1.2 Opinions of community - based tourism 11 1.2 Conditions and principles of community tourism development 13 1.2.1 Conditions of community - based tourism development 13 1.2.1.1 Tourism resources 14 1.2.1.2 Material and technical facilities 15 1.2.1.3 Transportation 16 1.2.1.4 Support service for tourism 16 1.2.1.5 The preparation of community 17 1.2.2 Principles of community - based tourism development 18 1.2.2.3 Tourism activities decided by local community 20 1.2.2.4 Preserving resources 20 1.3 Role of community - based tourism development 21 1.3.1 The role of community - based tourism for local community 21 1.3.2 The role of community - based tourism for local economy 21 1.3.3 The role of community - based tourism for resource conservation 22 1.4 Some of experiences in developing community - based tourism model 22 1.4.1 In the world 22 1.4.2 In Viet Nam 26 1.4.2.1 Models of community - based tourism in Sin Chai village, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province 27 1.4.2.2 Models of community - based tourism in Doi village, Namdong district, Thua Thien Hue province 30 1.5 Conclusion of chapter 33 Chapter 2: CURENT SITUATION OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM OPERATE AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOA BINH PROVINCE 34 2.1 Tourism potentiality of Hoa Binh province 34 2.1.1 Natural tourism resources 35 2.1.2 Human tourism resources 36 2.2 Models of community - based tourism in Lac village, Maichau district 37 2.2.1 The formation and development of community - based tourism in Mai Chau 37 2.2.2 Characteristics of community - based tourism model in the Lac, Mai Chau district 39 2.2.2.1 The role of community 39 2.2.2.2 Types of products 40 2.2.2.3 Characteristics of tourists 41 2.2.2.4 Cooperation mechanisms and sharing related benefit 42 2.2.3 The advantages of community - based tourism to economy, society and culture 45 2.2.3.1 Positive impacts 45 2.2.3.2 Negative impacts 47 2.2.4 Evaluation of community-based tourism model in the Lac village, Mai Chau district 48 2.2.4.1 Strengths 48 2.2.4.2 Limitations and causes 49 2.2.4.3 The lessons experience 50 2.3 Characteristics of community – based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province 51 2.3.1 Overview of Cao Phong district 51 2.3.1.1 Geographic features 51 2.3.1.2 Administrative boundaries 51 2.3.1.3 Economic development of Cao Phong district 52 2.3.2 Tourism potentiality of Cao Phong 54 2.3.2.1 The basic values 54 2.3.2.2 Conditions of infrastructure and technical facilities 56 2.3.3 Reality of tourism development in the Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district 57 2.3.3.1 Overvew of the Giang Mo village 57 2.3.3.2 The result of tourism activities 59 2.3.3.3 Local communities with tourism activities 62 2.3.3.4 Other characteristics 62 2.3.4 Evaluation of the activities of tourism development in the Giang Mo, Cao Phong district 64 2.3.4.1 Strengths 64 2.3.4.2 Limitations and causes 65 2.4 Compare models of tourism development in Ban Lac, Mai Chau district with Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district 66 2.4.1 The same 66 2.4.2 The different 67 2.5 Conclusion chapter 72 Chapter 3: DETERMINATION OF BUIDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM IN CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE 74 3.1 Determine of tourism development of Hoa Binh Province 74 3.1.1 Aim of tourism development 74 3.1.2 Tasks 75 3.2 Orientation for tourism development of Cao Phong district 76 3.3 Determine building community - based tourism model in the Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district 78 3.4 Put forward community - based tourism development model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district 79 3.4.1 Basis of the proposals 79 3.4.2 Principles to develope community - based tourism model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district 82 3.4.3 Content of model 84 3.4.3.1 Defining the role of community 84 3.4.3.2 Determine the role of management 85 3.4.3.3 Determine the role of tourism companies 85 3.4.3.4 Building community mechanism in the benefit sharing between subjects 85 3.4.3.5 Identify types of products and services 86 3.4.4 The conditions to establish the model 87 3.4.4.1 The policy of authorities 87 3.4.4.2 The availability of community 88 3.4.4.3 Knowledge of people 88 3.4.4.4 Infrastructure, facilities upgraded and other essential conditions 88 3.5 Applying the model for Cao Phong 89 3.6 Some recommendations 90 3.6.1 Recommendations to the State management agency on tourism 90 3.6.2 Recommendations to the provincial People's Committee of Hoa Binh and People's Committee of Cao Phong district 90 3.6.3 Recommendations for the People's Committee of Binh Thanh commune91 3.6.4 Recommended for local people 92 REFERENCES 96 INTRODUCTION Reason for theme Nowadays, tourism has become a necessity of life It is not only a key economy of nations but also a bridge of cultural exchanges among nations and areas in the world Recently, the tendency of visiting remote mountainous regions, where ethnic minorities live, becomes very popular, especially as for foreign tourists and the youth because of wild natural landscapes and original cultural traits Consequently, another from of tourism has been development, known as community - based tourism Community - based tourism is one of very attractive tourism types It has brought in many benefits of economy and society to communities in the world In Viet Nam, this type has been researched and put into practice in many locals Such as: Mai Chau (Hoa Binh), Ba Be (Bac Can), Sa Pa (Lao Cai), Suoi Voi (Hue)…ete However, there is not special research on the manner of developing community – based tourism for each area Community – based tourism activities in these areas not rely on the result of scientific research that relies on experience Therefore, we need research reality and learn from experience in order to orient the development of community – based tourism in Viet Nam Community – based tourism in Hoa Binh has been developed for a long time The most typical is community – based tourism model in Mai Chau The tourism operations in Mai Chau relies exploring culture tradition of Thai ethnic During the tourism activities develop has been an inadequate problem such as adverse effect on culture tradition of local, pollution of environment…etc The same Mai Chau, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province, has many tourism resources Among them community - based tourism relies on exploring culture of ethnic minorities in Giang Mo - the most typical village This is the main residential area of Muong people (one of the four major area of Muong) with traditional cultural values The tourism activities at Giang Mo has been beginning and developing since 1980s Giang Mo village has become an attractive destination However, the tourism operation there has not been managed effectively to meet its potentials Thus, in the current tourism tendency, studying and expanding the community - based tourism in Giang Mo are very important In order to improve tourism operations in Cao Phong, it’s necessary to study tourism potentiality as well as reality of the district From that, we can design and build the suitable model For these reasons, the researcher decided to carry out an investigation into the issue titled: “Research on building models of community - based tourism (Case study of Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province)” Aims and objectives Aims: orientate to building community - based tourism model in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh Objectives: - To systematize theoretical issues about community - based tourism - To analyze experience in developing community tourism in Maichau and some other locals in Viet Nam - To analyze evaluate developing community tourism in Cao Phong - To compare model community - based tourism of Lac village to bring out community based model in Cao Phong History of the research problem There were a great number of scientific studies on community based tourism such as: “Community - based tourism for Conservation and Development” book published in 2003 by The Mountain Institute (America) The authors have given concept, role and motivation factors of community tourism The authors have also presented some of community tourism models in the South America and Malaysia Then, they presented knowledge, skills and experiences about community tourism “Community - based tourism – theory and use” (volume 1) book, PhD Vo Que (2006) The author presented community based tourism theory (concept, aim, condition, signification, principle and criterion of community based tourism) Beside, the author also researched some community based tourism models in Asia and Viet Nam However, he did not present concrete conditions and model "Sustainable tourism" book was published in 2001 of Nguyen Dinh Hoe and Vu Van Hieu The researchers thought that local community is an important in development of community based tourism However, they did not concern with factors of community based tourism for localities in Viet Nam "Tourism with problems of ethnic minorities in Sa Pa" book was published in 2000 of Pham Thi Mong Hoa and Lam Thi Mai Lan The researchers presented the influence of tourism on local ethnics in Sapa district, Laocai province Throughout, the researchers put forward solutions to minimize negative impact and enhance benefits for local communities in tourism activities PhD Pham Le Thao’s “To organize the territory of Hoa Binh in opinion of sustainable development” (2006) The author analyzed, evaluated and synthesized the factors of Hoa Binh’s arrangement and development In thesis, the author mentioned the development of community based tourism in Giang Mo MA Nguyen Thi Hong Van’s “The effect of tourism on cultural – society of Thai ethnic in Maichau district, Hoa Binh province and development solutions” thesis (2007) The researcher studied the influence of tourism on Thai people’s economy, cultural, society in Mai Chau Since then, the author put forward the orientation sustainable development for community based tourism in Mai Chau Subject and scope of the research - Subject of research: community - based tourism form and development conditions of community - based tourism - Scope of content: community relies on exploiting ethnic minorities’ culture - Scope of space: Cao Phong district, with the Giang Mo village is focused to research Maichau district, with Lac village is comparison subjects - Scope of time: information and data collected from 2005 to 2010 Research Methodology Researcher used methods of scientific research: Researching synthesis theory, comparative approach, methods of sociological investigation, observation, questionnaire method, methods of analysis and synthesis Research resources: - Books and textbooks - Newspapers, journals and magazines related content - The scientific work such as reports, theses - Report of the local governments and state agencies on tourism - Information and articles on the internet - Conserving valuable environmental resources Natural resources and environment is one of the factors ensuring the attractiveness of destinations and the diversity of tourism products Therefore, when studying building the tourism model at Giang Mo should pay attention to the protection of natural resources and environment The local authorities and the local people need to restore, preserve and promote the traditional cultural values of local Currently, people in Giang Mo still retain many special cultural values (customs, architecture, housing, work tools ) but some elements has been eroded (the traditional festivals, the costumes, the traditional crafts ) So we need giving the policies to recover the cultural value which has been eroded Natural resources are the natural landscape around the area of residence of citizens Up to 71% of visitors to Giang Mo commented wild natural landscape and cool climate, fresh These are the factors which attract visitors Therefore, during the development of tourism should take measures to protect natural resources In addition, we should also pay attention to issues of environmental in order to create green - clean - beautiful space tourism So need to make provisions on hygiene village and dumping ground 3.4.3 Content of model 3.4.3.1 Determine the role of community - It’s necessary to define guiding principles for all plans, all tourism programs which are: the people know - people discuss - people - people benefit - Local communities must be directly involved in the research process to build a model of tourism - Local communities must directly provide and benefit from the services for visitor’s needs 84 - All plans and programs need to be passed in order to ensure the active participation of all members of the community - Local communities have to discuss to select a direct team manager, record the information and make general regulations for the provision of services to meet the tourists’ needs - Local community should organize groups which are responsible for each section of tourism activities 3.4.3.2 Determine the role of management Local governments at all levels need to be more active in helping people to develop tourism Some key tasks are: - Helping local community build tourism programs through the mass media - Supporting local people to restore the cultural traits which have been lost such as: traditional festivals, organize classes of people weaving, making of handicrafts and fine art - Ensuring order, security and safety for residents and visitors - Supporting finance so that people can upgrade and repair works in tourism, helping people call upon non-government organizations and companies to invest in tourism development 3.4.3.3 Determine the role of tourism companies The travel companies are a major provider of tourists Therefore, the tourism model to succeed there must be supporting the travel companies - Helping people research and build tourism programs, the tourism products of local community - Helping people to spread tourism - The tourism business with government at all levels needs to train people, help them raise awareness of tourism and business travel 3.4.3.4 Building community mechanism in the benefit sharing between subjects 85 Local communities, local governments, tourism businesses/nongovernmental organizations should organize meetings to discuss travel plans and agree on the rights of the parties Local communities also need to make the meeting in order to give profit split mechanism between households, ensuring all people receive benefits from community - based tourism development 3.4.3.5 The types of products and services - Development of cultural forms of tourism based on the exploitation of special cultural value of the Muong ethnic group - Some types of services can be carried out Giang Mo: accommodation services, procurement services, discovery services of cultural values, sightseeing services, entertainment + Regarding to the service of accommodation: households need to build the clean toilet and bathroom system; improve the lighting systems for stay + Regarding to procurement services: Giang Mo need to develop traditional handicraft, develop agricultural local produce to meet the needs of tourists + Regarding to explore the cultural values services building the tourism programs explore the ethnic cultural value such as the organization to rebuild the life-cycle ceremonies (birth - wedding - funeral ) with the concept and culture of the Muong; reconstruction festival; building programs for tourists to really experienced by participating directly in the production of people daily + Regarding to entertainment services: developing entertainment services by restoring the festivals, the traditional game of the Muong and organize the contest for visitors to be involved such as organizations implement the traditional cooking of the Muong, a fashion show competition of women's traditional Muong, competition hunting, crossbow competition… 86 - Development of eco-tourism type in Hoa Binh Lake combined with exploitation of human tourism resources in Giang Mo - Combine community tourism with ethnic culture and health tourism, medical treatment on the basis of collaboration with the tourist areas or hot mineral water at Kim Boi district - Development of tourism homestay forms 3.4.4 The conditions to establish the model 3.4.4.1 The policy of authorities District People's Committee has plans to develop tourism of Cao Phong 2010 - 2015 period which identified: building the Binh Thanh - Thung Nai – Hoa Binh lake tour is a major tour of Cao Phong; priority over invested capital to solidify the program's rural roads at the villages and communes with the main tours To attach special importance to building the 435 road connects the Thung Nai with Binh Thanh These are favorable conditions for tourism activities in Giang Mo is interested in developing To carry out community-based tourism model in Giang Mo, the levels of management should: - Supporting people financial to remodel their homes, restore the cultural value has eroded, build the development plan - Giving out specific development policies and focusing energy to bring Giang Mo become an attractive destination of tourists - Helping local people to promote tourism on the mass media, but primarily on the internet Therefore, it should have website to promote the image of Giang Mo - Creating conditions for tourism businesses, non-government investors to develop tourism products, improvement of infrastructure systems 87 3.4.4.2 The availability of community - The local people in Giang Mo are the subject of tourism activities The tourism activities are based on the exploitation of the resources of the community Therefore, local people have to always participate positively in tourism activities - Local people in Giang Mo are benefited most from tourism should be consciously protected the natural landscape, the special cultural values to create diversified for the tourist produces Local people need to organize more cultural teams - Local people should not invite with insistence visitors They should have friendly attitude, openness in the process of serving tourists - Local people must cooperate actively with non-governmental organizations as they invest in developing tourism 3.4.4.3 The knowledge of people - The improvement of knowledge people is urgent because of the people in Giang Mo village is Muong ethnic whom is not have much experience in the tourism business Local people need to understand the nature and purpose of the community – based tourism - Local people should be trained in certain skills to welcome, communicate and introduce for visitors 3.4.4.4 The infrastructure and facilities upgraded and other essential conditions The infrastructure systems in Giang Mo meet basically the real number of visitors However, it is necessary to upgrade infrastructure to develop Giang Mo become to a great destination In particular, the households would like to provide accommodation need to build toilet systems, bathrooms; renovate and expand the car parking, build playgrounds and so on 88 3.5 Applying the model for Cao Phong Cao Phong district has possibility of developing community – based tourism Beside the Giang Mo, it has many village tourism potential such as Bai Be village (Dung Phong commune), Mung village and Ru village (Xuan Phong commune) Based on the results of research to build models of community - based tourism in Giang Mo, we can apply this model to the other villages However, each of the village will be its own characteristics, so local governments need to invest time and effort to study the community - based tourism with the special products of each village That is a basis for development of community - based tourism with color of Cao Phong We can exploit the tourism potential in Cao Phong in the later stages: - The first stage: to concentrate on the construction and completion of community-based tourism model in Giang Mo in accordance with the principles above During this period, we need to ensure the participation of at least three parties is the local authorities, the local people and the travel companies The results of this stage are a precondition for the second stage - The second stage: to apply community-based tourism model in Giang Mo to the tourism potential village in the district Before applying, we need learn from the process of building in Giang Mo Also, need to research and evaluate the strength of each village to make a specific tourist product Thus, it can avoid stereotypical model of Giang Mo - The third stage: to review and evaluate the results achieved in Giang Mo and the other village in the district There also needs to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages to ensure sustainable development of the models In order to assure successfully, Cao Phong district authorities to build successfully a model community-based tourism in Giang Mo Thence, we 89 give the lessons experience and the courses of development for the other village in order to create tourism villages system 3.6 Some recommendations 3.6.1 Recommendations to the State management agency on tourism - To build and enforce plans and national action programs which is associated with the community – based tourism in Giang Mo to promote the development of this type of tourism - To research and direct the exploitation of the target market for community - based tourism in Giang Mo Since then, creating products and broadcast these products with the characteristics in that marketing - To promote community - based tourism products in Giang Mo by many different means, such as fairs, seminars, exhibitions, publications, travel guide books, internet, television etc - To invest in infrastructure and technical facilities in tourism villages to create favorable conditions for promoting the development of community - based tourism Relying on that improves the quality of life for indigenous people - To cooperate with non - governmental organizations to take advantage of capital, their experience in developing community – based tourism - To set up policies, rules, regulations in order to preserve and restore tourism resources 3.6.2 Recommendations to the provincial People's Committee of Hoa Binh and People's Committee of Cao Phong district - To strictly enforce policies of government about community - based tourism; to create clear mechanisms and facilitate for the travel business - To plan the tourism potentiality areas to create a unique tourism products with ethnic nuances to improve people's lives and minimize the negatives of tourism to local people’s life 90 - To manage and supervise the business tourism in the local such as the security and safety for tourists, the number of visitors and quality products - To cooperate with non-governmental organizations to take advantage of capital, experience in building and upgrading infrastructure and technical facilities of travel, training human resources, the community development, poverty alleviation projects…etc - To determine target markets in order to give expert advices authorities and community how to create products and broadcast products in suitable with the markets - To combined with training establishment for manpower in the tourism about communication skills, professional skills and foreign languages - To propagandize and raise awareness of people about the importance of community - based tourism in poverty alleviation - To promulgate rules and regulations to conserve natural values and humanity and encourages the restoration of traditional cultural values 3.6.3 Recommendations for the People's Committee of Binh Thanh commune - To actively create the conditions for tourism development by internal force, not more than expected, dependent on external support - To build specific regulations for tourists, local people and related parties - To supervise the tourism activities and additional services in the village - To ensure security and safety for tourists - To propagate and encourage people to participate in community – based tourism activities and support the development of it - To propagandize the awareness of conservation values of tourism resources and punish severely acts of vandalism of natural environment and local culture - To encourage people to sell souvenirs in a systematic to create a good image for visitors 91 3.6.4 Recommended for local people - To offer our customers the best travel products - To show hospitality and cultural identity through ethnic costumes, customs, behavior - Improve knowledge of travel, languages and communication skills, professional skills - To associate closely with other landlords in order to divide the number of visitors and support services - To established the Association to facilitate efficiency in travel business - To improve and upgrade the transport and accommodation systems Especially, local people attach special importance to improve bathrooms and toilets to meet more effectively the needs of travelers - To strictly execute government’s policies and regulations - To preserve the value of natural tourism resources and the humanities to ensure sustainable development Especially, it is necessary to preserve traditional cultural values of ethnic groups because it is the only asset to their community tourism business Development of community tourism business while maintaining traditional production activities to ensure revenue stability for the family 3.7 Conclusion chapter Chapter outlined the direction of community – based tourism model in Giang Mo Thence, the author gave a number of measures and recommendations for governments at all levels and local people to exploiting the tourism resources in Giang Mo village Giang Mo has natural and human resources very attractive tourists Giang Mo has been welcomed tourists since the early 1980s, but the tourist activities took place very monotonous and did not create its own color Thus, it did not great efficiency The tourism resources have not been interested in 92 exploring If the investment policies are appropriative, the activities in Giang Mo will become attractive destination The community – based tourism in Giang Mo need the help of governments at all levels, travel companies and especially the participation of local people In particular, should attach special importance to share equally profits between the parties and conserve tourism resource’s Giang Mo in order to ensure sustainable development of the model Relying on the theories, the practical and tourist-oriented development of Cao Phong district, Giang Mo has got enough conditions to develop community – based tourism 93 CONCLUSION The community – based tourism has been developing in many countries around the world and has been bringing major benefits for people In Viet Nam, community – based tourism has also developed early and spread throughout the regions in the country with the famous tourist center such as Sa Pa, Mai Chau and so on The thesis systematized the general theory of community - based tourism It also introduced some community - based tourism models Viet Nam and in the world By studying the results and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of tourism village, we can learn from experience for the building the new tourist village In particular, the authors studied the contents, the advantages and disadvantages of community-based tourism model in the Lac village, Mai Chau district That is the causes for studying the community – based tourism in the Giang Mo village Hoa Binh province has the strength to developing community based tourism and in fact it has become one of the province developed strengly this type tourism with a variety of destinations such as Lac village, Na Phon village, Lung Van village The survey results showed that Giang Mo has got enough conditions to develop become to attractive destinations on the tourist route at the North of Viet Nam Relying on the studying theories, some community - based tourism and studying the situation of tourism activities in the Giang Mo, thesis gave a suitable model for Giang Mo It also offers recommendations and solutions for tourism model in Giang Mo The thesis gave orientation and conditions to establish community - based tourism in Giang Mo Based on the theoretical basis, experience and direction of tourism 94 development of Cao Phong, we can develop community - based tourism model in Giang Mo With these initial results of the thesis will contribute in the building the community - based tourism model in Giang Mo in particular and Cao Phong in general Based on this model, Cao Phong district should focus on developing the model for many other people have the potential in the area 95 REFERENCES Lê Huy Bá, Thái Lê Nguyên (2006), Du lịch sinh thái, NXB Khoa học Kỹ thuật Công ty cổ phần thơng tin kinh tế đối ngoại (2006), Hịa Bình lực kỉ XXI, NXB Chính trị quốc gia Đảng tỉnh Hịa Bình, Huyện ủy Cao Phong (2010), Văn kiện Đại hội XXVI, nhiệm kì 2010 - 2015 Thế Đạt (2005), Tài nguyên du lịch, NXB Chính trị quốc gia Phạm Thị Mộng Hoa, Lâm Thị Mai Lan (2000), Du lịch với dân tộc thiểu số Sa Pa, NXB Văn hóa dân tộc Nguyễn Đình Hoè, Vũ Văn Hiếu (2001), Du lịch bền vững, NXB ĐH Quốc gia Hà Nội Hội đồng khoa học kỹ thuật – Tổng cục du lịch (2009), Bản tin du lịch, quý IV, Trung tâm Thông tin du lịch (Tổng cục du lịch) Hội đồng khoa học kỹ thuật – Tổng cục du lịch (2010), Bản tin du lịch, quý I, Trung tâm Thông tin du lịch (Tổng cục du lịch) Nguyễn Văn Huy (1998), Bức tranh văn hóa dân tộc Việt Nam, NXB Giáo dục 10 Phịng văn hóa thơng tin huyện Cao Phong (2009), Báo cáo tình hình hoạt động kinh doanh đơn vị nhà nghỉ đóng địa bàn huyện Cao Phong ; Tổng doanh thu, số lượt khách quốc tế, khách nội địa năm 2009 11 Phịng văn hóa thơng tin huyện Cao Phong (2010), Kế hoạch phát triển du lịch huyện Cao Phong giai đoạn 2010 - 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based tourism model in the Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district 78 3.4 Put forward community - based tourism development model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district... disadvantages of community - based tourism model in Lac village Thenceforth, the researcher orients of building community - based tourism in Giang Mo village Chapter 3: Orientation of building models of community. .. 67 2.5 Conclusion chapter 72 Chapter 3: DETERMINATION OF BUIDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM IN CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE 74 3.1 Determine of tourism development