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Chapter 20 - Infection-control techniques. Although our bodies ordinarily are quite capable in their defense against pathogens, patients coming into an office for treatment may be more susceptible to infections. In this chapter you will learn the three levels of infection control and their respective processes.
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 20 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display InfectionControl Techniques Objectives 201 Describe the three levels of infection control 202 Compare and contrast the procedures for sanitization, disinfection and sterilization 203 Describe measures used in sanitization 294 List various methods used in disinfection and the advantages and disadvantages of each 205 Explain what an autoclave is and how it operates 206 List the steps in the general autoclave procedures InfectionControl Techniques Objectives (cont.) 207 Explain how to wrap and label items for sterilization in an autoclave 208 Describe how to complete the sterilization procedure using an autoclave 209 Describe four other methods for sterilizing instruments 2010 List some infectious diseases, and identify their signs and symptoms InfectionControl Techniques Objectives (cont.) 2011 Describe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requirements for reporting cases of infectious disease 2012 Describe CDC guidelines for patient isolation 2013 Explain the purpose of immunization 2014 Describe your role in educating patients about immunizations Introduction Patients coming to the office for treatment may be more susceptible to infections Importance of immunizations and patient education is stressed as a method of infection control You will be introduced to identifying infectious diseases, reporting guidelines and how to isolate patients Medical Assistant’s Role in Infection Control Follow correct sanitization, disinfection and sterilization procedures Help patient understand basic disease prevention Administer immunizations and educate patients about immunizations Three Levels of Infection Control Sanitization – cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms Disinfection – second level used on instruments and equipments that come in contact with intact mucous membrane Sterilization – complete destruction of all microorganisms pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless surface of instrument and equipment Sanitization Methods Collecting instruments – place in container with water and neutral pH detergent until you can get to them Use utility gloves always and mask, eye protection and protective clothing if blood, body fluids or tissue are present Sanitization Methods (cont.) Drain disinfectant or detergent solution Rinse each piece under hot running water Scrub each item using hot, soapy water and small plastic brush Pay careful attention to hinges, ratchets and nooks Sanitization Methods (cont.) Rinse instruments individually and place each one on a clean towel Roll all instruments in the towel to remove moisture Place instruments either in trays or bins for storage or wrap for sterilization 10 Infectious Disease (cont.) Measles (rubeola) – viral disease; itchy rash appears 14 days after exposure Mumps – viral infection; pain and inflammation of the parotid glands, fever Rubella – viral infection; fever and itchy rash Immunization programs for children will reduce patients risk of contracting these diseases 24 Infectious Disease (cont.) Tetanus (lockjaw) – bacterial disease cause by puncture wound by infected fomite Vaccination can prevent tetanus Tuberculosis (TB) – bacterial disease of the lungs with night sweats, fever, chills, fatigue, blood sputum 25 Apply Your Knowledge What are three viral infections that children most commonly receive immunizations against? 26 Apply Your Knowledge Answer What are three viral infections that children most commonly receive immunizations against? Measles, mumps, and rubella 27 Reporting Guidelines CDC requires reporting certain diseases to the state or county department of health. Helps research epidemiologists control the spread of infections Certain diseases must be reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System of the CDC. (See figure 2010.) 28 Guidelines for Isolation Precautions Three parts: Standard Precautions developed Precautions designed to prevent spread of infection by droplet, airborne, or contact known as TransmissionBased Precautions Describes specific syndromes you may encounter that are highly infectious 29 Immunizations Administration of a vaccine or toxoid to protect susceptible individuals from infectious disease Reduces risk of infection spread 30 Immunization (cont.) Immunization for Children published jointly by: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices American Academy of Pediatrics American Academy of Family Physicians The National Coalition of Adult Immunization (NCAI) publishes a schedule for adults 31 Patient Education – Immunizations Pediatric Patients Informed consents Contraindications Immunizations records Pregnant May need more immunizations Do not give rubella immunization during pregnancy 32 Patient Education – Immunizations (cont.) Elderly Patients: Influenza and pneumonia are needed Describe that side effects are mild Immunocompromised Patients Can experience minimal to dangerous effects of immunizations Depends on patient’s disease 33 Patient Education – Immunizations (cont.) Health care Workers: Risk of contracting infectious disease Should pay careful attention to own immunization status Employers must offer vaccination against Hepatitis B at no cost to employee 34 Apply Your Knowledge What organization publishes immunization schedules for adults? 35 Apply Your Knowledge Answer What organization publishes an immunization schedule for adults? National Coalition of Adult Immunization (NCAI) 36 Summary Medical Assistant Sanitization, disinfection, and sterilization break the pathogen cycle by ridding instruments and equipment of pathogens You play a vital role in reducing patient vulnerability by encouraging patients to maintain a correct immunization status and by being aware of special immunization concerns of certain patients 37 End of Chapter 38 ...InfectionControl Techniques Objectives 20 1 Describe the three levels of infection control 20 2 Compare and contrast the procedures for sanitization, disinfection and sterilization 20 3 Describe measures used in sanitization... 294 List various methods used in disinfection and the advantages and disadvantages of each 20 5 Explain what an autoclave is and how it operates 20 6 List the steps in the general autoclave procedures... instruments 20 10 List some infectious diseases, and identify their signs and symptoms InfectionControl Techniques Objectives (cont.) 20 11 Describe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requirements for reporting cases of