Chapter 24 - The integumentary system. After completing chapter 24, you will be able to: List the functions of skin, explain the role of skin in regulating body temperature, describe the layers of skin and the characteristics of each layer, explain the factors that affect skin color, list the accessory organs of skin and describe their structures and functions,...
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 24 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display The Integumentary System Objectives 241 Spell, define, and correctly use the Key Terms in this chapter. 242 List the functions of skin 243 Explain the role of skin in regulating body temperature 244 Describe the layers of skin and the characteristics of each layer 245 Explain the factors that affect skin color The Integumentary System Objectives (cont.) 246 List the accessory organs of the skin and describe their structures and functions 247 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of various types of skin cancer 248 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of common skin disorders 249 Explain the ABCD rule and its use in evaluating melanoma The Integumentary System Objectives (cont.) 2410 List the different types of burns and describe their appearance and treatments 2411 Describe the signs, symptoms, causes, and treatments of other skin disorders and diseases 2315 Describe the different patterns of inheritance 2316 Describe the signs and symptoms of various genetic conditions 2317 Describe the locations and characteristics of the four main tissue types Introduction Integumentary Accessory organs: system consists of Hair follicles skin and its Nails accessory organs Skin glands Skin is the body’s outer covering and its largest organ Functions of Integumentary System Protection Body temperature regulation Vitamin D production Sensation Excretion Structure of Skin Epidermis Stratum corneum Stratum basale Dermis Hypodermis (subcutaneous) Skin Color Determined by amount of melanin in the epidermis of skin Range from yellowish to brownish The more melanin the darker the skin color Common Skin Disorders Alopecia – results in hair loss Cellulitis – inflammation of connective tissue in skin Dermatitis – inflammation of skin or a rash Eczema – chronic dermatitis Folliculitis – inflammation of hair follicles Common Skin Disorders (cont.) Herpes simplex – Type 1 and 2 Herpes simplex Herpes zoster – shingles Herpes zoster Impetigo – oozing skin lesions that Impetigo eventually crust over Psoriasis – inherited autoimmune Psoriasis disorder Scabies – contagious skin condition Scabies caused by mites 10 Cancers (cont.) Squamous Cell Carcinoma Signs and symptoms: Arises from flat cells of the epidermis Treatment: Same as for basal cell carcinoma 15 Cancers (cont.) Melanoma Signs and Symptoms: Arise from melanocytes Appear on trunk, head, neck of men Appear on arms and legs of women Itches or bleeds Treatment: Surgery & biopsy Removal of cancerous lymph nodes Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Immunotherapy 16 Cancers (cont.) Stages of Melanoma: Stage O – only found in epidermis Stage I – spread to epidermis and dermis (1 to 2 mm thick) Stage II – 2 to 4 mm thick plus ulceration Stage III – spread to one or more lymph nodes Stage IV – spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma 17 ABCD Rule to Evaluate Melanoma A – Asymmetry:the mole should not become asymmetrical B – Border should not become irregular B C – Color should not change or become a mixture of colors D – Diameter should not grow larger than the diameter of a pencil eraser 18 Apply Your Knowledge The physician told you that the patient in room three has stage IV melanoma. As you walk back to her room, what should you remember about stage IV melanoma? 19 Apply Your Knowledge Answer The physician told you that the patient in room three has stage IV melanoma. As you walk back to her room, what should you remember about stage IV melanoma? Stage IV has spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma 20 Accessory Organs of Skin Hair follicles – Tubelike depressions in the dermis of skin, generate hairs Sebaceous glands Oil glands that produces sebum to keep hair soft Nails Protect the ends of fingers and toes 21 Accessory Organs of Skin (cont.) Sweat glands Located in the dermis of skin Eccrine – produce watery type of sweat Apocrine – produces thicker type of sweat 22 Burns Second leading cause of accidental death in the U.S Rule of Nines is used to determine severity (degree) of burn Burn severity: First degree Second degree Third degree 23 Treatment of Burns Do not remove anything sticking to the burn Do not apply butter, lotions, or ointments Cool with large amounts of water Cover with sterile sheet or plastic bag 24 Apply Your Knowledge Using Figure 245, determine burn severity for a patient who has burnt his anterior face, and both arms Click for Figure 245 Rule of Nines 25 Rule of Nines Back 26 Apply Your Knowledge Answer Using Figure 245, determine burn severity for a patient who has burnt his head and both arms Head = 9% Both arms, hands, and shoulders = 18% + 18% 9% + 18% + 18% = 45% 27 Summary Medical Assistant Skin is the body’s outer covering and its largest organ You need to have knowledge of the integumentary system in order to assist the physician to care for patients with diseases of the skin 28 End of Chapter 29 ... Objectives 24 1 Spell, define, and correctly use the Key Terms in this chapter. 24 2 List the functions of skin 24 3 Explain the role of skin in regulating body temperature 24 4 Describe the layers of skin and the characteristics ... describe their structures and functions 24 7 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of various types of skin cancer 24 8 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of common skin disorders 24 9 Explain the ABCD rule and its use in evaluating ... Explain the ABCD rule and its use in evaluating melanoma The Integumentary System Objectives (cont.) 24 10 List the different types of burns and describe their appearance and treatments 24 11 Describe the signs, symptoms, causes, and