Chapter 29 - The immune system. After completing Chapter 29, you will be able to: Define the terms infection, pathogen, and antigen; list and describe the nonspecific body defense mechanisms; explain the signs and causes of inflammation; explain what is meant by specific body defenses;...
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 29 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display The Immune System Objectives 291 Spell, define, and correctly use the Key Terms in this chapter 292 Define the terms infection, pathogen, and antigen 293 List and describe the nonspecific body defense mechanisms 294 Explain the signs and causes of inflammation 295 Explain what is meant by specific body defenses The Immune System Objectives (cont.) 296 Define B cells and T cells and describe their locations and functions 297 Explain the importance of MHC proteins 298 List the different types of T cells and describe their functions 299 List the different types of antibodies and tell how they differ 2910 Explain how antibodies fight infection 2911 Define complement and give its functions The Immune System Objectives (cont.) 2912 Explain the difference between the primary immune response and secondary immune response 2913 Describe the function of a vaccine 2914 Explain the four different types of acquired immunities 2915 Describe how allergies develop The Immune System Objectives (cont.) 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 Explain how the AIDS virus affects the immune system Identify the ways a person acquires AIDS Define cancer and carcinogen Explain how cancers are classified Describe how cancers are diagnosed and treated Describe the signs and symptoms of other common immune disorders. Introduction Immune system protects the body against Bacteria Viruses Fungi Toxins Parasites Cancer Click for Larger View T and B Cell Activation Defenses Against Disease Infection is the presence Infection is the presence of a pathogen in or on of a pathogen in or on the body the body Nonspecific defenses Nonspecific defenses mechanisms to mechanisms to protect us against protect us against pathogens in general pathogens in general Nonspecific Defenses Species Resistance Mechanical Barriers Chemical Barriers Fever Inflammation Phagocytosis Specific Defenses Against Disease Specific defenses are called immunities and protect the body against very specific pathogens Lymphocytes and macrophages are the major white blood cells involved in specific defenses. Antibodies and complement are the major proteins involved in specific defenses Inflammation Causes: Causes: Injured or Injured or infected with a infected with a pathogen, pathogen, inflammation inflammation can result can result Signs: Signs: Redness Redness Heat Heat Swelling Swelling Pain Pain 10 Cancer Treatment Treatment differs depending on: Treatment differs depending on: Type of cancer Type of cancer Stage of cancer Stage of cancer Forms of treatment: Forms of treatment: Surgically removing the tumor Surgically removing the tumor Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Radiation therapy 34 Cancer Classifications Stage 0 very early Stage 0 cancer. Cancer cells are localized in a few cell layers Stage I spread to deeper Stage I cell layers or some may have spread to surrounding tissues Stage II spread to Stage II surrounding tissues but is considered contained in the primary cancer site 35 Cancer Classifications Stage III spread beyond Stage III the primary cancer site to nearby areas. Stage IV spread to other Stage IV organs of the body Recurrent Cancer cells Recurrent have reappeared after treatment. 36 Apply Your Knowledge Your patient has a stage III cancer. Explain what stage III means 37 Apply Your Knowledge Answer Your patient has a stage III cancer. Explain what stage III means Stage III means that the cancer has spread beyond the primary cancer site to nearby areas. 38 Allergies Allergic reaction is an Allergic reaction is an Anaphylaxis blood Anaphylaxis blood vessels dilate immune response immune response vessels dilate quickly causing to a substance quickly causing to a substance blood pressure to blood pressure to Allergens trigger of Allergens trigger of drop too quickly drop too quickly allergic responses allergic responses for organs to for organs to adjust. This adjust. This condition is life condition is life threatening threatening 39 Allergies (cont.) Allergic reactions involve IgE antibodies and mast cells. IgE antibodies bind to allergens, they cause mast cells to release histamine and heparin These chemicals trigger allergic reactions. If a person is receiving allergy shots, he is being injected with tiny amounts of the allergen and reduces symptoms 40 Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System (cont.) Chronic fatigue syndrome a condition in which Chronic fatigue syndrome a person feels severe tiredness that cannot be relieved by rest and cannot be related to another illness Signs and symptoms: Severe fatigue Mild fever Sore throat Tender lymph nodes in neck or armpit General body aches 41 Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System (cont.) Lymphedema blockage of lymphatic vessels, Lymphedema which are needed to drain excess fluids from areas of the body Signs: Swelling that lasts longer than a few days Swelling that increases over time 42 Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System (cont.) Lupus an autoimmune disorder that affects few Lupus or many organ systems of the body Signs: Arthritis “Butterfly” rash on face Sensitivity to sunlight Renal failure Headaches Mental disorders 43 Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System (cont.) Rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune disorder in Rheumatoid arthritis which a person’s immune system attacks joints of the body Signs: Fatigue Joint pain Swelling of joints – especially those in hands and feet Body aches Cartilage destruction 44 Apply Your Knowledge As you are taking your patient to the exam room, you notice that she has “Butterfly” rash on her face. What disorder exhibits this sign? 45 Apply Your Knowledge Answer As you are taking your patient to the exam room, you notice that she has “Butterfly” rash on her face. What disorder exhibits this sign? Lupus 46 Summary Medical Assistant Knowledge of the immune system will assist you in providing care for the patient with diseases and disorders of the immune system. You must have knowledge of this system when assisting the physician during the examination of a patient who is having problems with their immune system 47 End of Chapter 48 ... Objectives 29 1 Spell, define, and correctly use the Key Terms in this chapter 29 2 Define the terms infection, pathogen, and antigen 29 3 List and describe the nonspecific body defense mechanisms 29 4... Describe the function of a vaccine 29 14 Explain the four different types of acquired immunities 29 15 Describe how allergies develop The Immune System Objectives (cont.) 29 16 29 17 29 18 29 19 29 20 29 21 Explain how the AIDS virus affects the ... locations and functions 29 7 Explain the importance of MHC proteins 29 8 List the different types of T cells and describe their functions 29 9 List the different types of antibodies and tell how they differ 29 10