... high-order SMC systems [12], where certain commonalities are observed EulersDiscretizationof Single-Input ECB-SMC Systems 2.1 The Single-Input ECB-SMC Systems Without loss of generality, consider ... 3.1 The Single-Input ECB-SMC SystemswithRelativeDegreeRestriction We now consider the single input linear system withrelativedegreerestriction The single input systems in the controllable ... eigenvalues of I + hBc are located within the unit circle Therefore, for h ≤ h the discrete subsystem (14) is asymptotically stable EulersDiscretizationof ECB-SMC SystemswithRelativeDegree Restriction...
... analysis of signals and systems is treated in Chapters and Chapter considers the Fourier analysis of continuous-time signals and systems, while Chapter deals with discrete-time signals and systems ... Systems 7.4 State Space Representation of Continuous-Time LTI Systems 7.5 Solutions of State Equations for Discrete-Time LTI Systems 7.6 Solutions of State Equations for Continuous-Time LTI Systems ... constants Note that there are many other definitions of stability (See Chap 7.) I Feedback Systems: A special class ofsystemsof great importance consists ofsystems having feedback In a feedback system,...
... combining scheme Numerical Results Quasistatic MIMO wireless channels are assumed; that is, the channel impulse response is fixed over one OFDM symbol period but changes across the symbols The simulation ... The inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT) of these N symbols generates an OFDM symbol Each OFDM symbol has a useful part of duration Ts seconds and a cyclic prefix of length Tg seconds to mitigate ... MRC) is a function of the second-order statistics of the channel and frequency offset estimation errors (although the interference also comprises the fourth-order statistics of the frequency offset...
... occur in the system This important quality of a control system is called robustness 24 It is obvious that open-loop and closed-loop systemswith the same poles can exhibit different stability property ... απ/2 is satisfied for all eigenvalues λ of matrix A Also, this system is stable if and only if | arg λ | ≥ απ/2 is satisfied for all eigenvalues λ of matrix A with those critical eigenvalues satisfying ... FO nonlinear systems and guarantees locally robust stability of considered system Numerical simulation results are given in Section to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller Finally,...
... Department of Wisconsin University at Madison for their hospitality during his visit there The author also thanks Professor Liu Zhaoli for discussions about an argument in this paper References M S Berger ... the same results are obtained In fact, a more general system is considered and the above results are just a special case as A of the results there The conditions which are useful to deal with ... problems 1.1 are used in recent years by several authors; see 4, and the references therein for some further information For some recent developments of the secondorder systems 1.1 , see In this...
... loss due to interference increases as the hop length increases (or in other words as the number of hops in FHSS systems decreases) This performance loss increases as the number of users increases ... for coded FHSS systems is derived for different fading statistics and channel estimation assumptions Results are discussed in Section and conclusions are presented in Section SYSTEM MODEL The general ... diversity in FHSS systems is studied in order to approximate the optimal hopping rate in FHSS systemswith MAI, defined as the hope rate at which the performance of the FHSS system is the best compared...
... approach is just of interest for systemswith “slowly changing” matrices The purpose of this section is to apply a new method to investigate the stability of system 4.1 , which combined with the ... follows that the zero solution of 3.39 is absolutely stable For instance, if the linear system with constant coefficients associated to the nonlinear system with variable coefficients 3.39 is x k ... Komissarova, “Stability of delay difference system,” Advances in Difference Equations, vol 2006, Article ID 31409, pages, 2006 R Medina, “Stability analysis of nonautonomous difference systems with...
... [26] T Svantesson, “Antennas and propagation from a signal processing perspective,” Ph.D dissertation, Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, ... variety of beamforming impairments, such as DOA estimation errors, spatial spreads, and mutual couplings, exist in the system However, the outage probability analysis in previous section is just based ... various CDMA systems [14, 15, 18] However, MC-CDMA systems have not been examined in such studies In this paper, the reverse link of an MC-CDMA system with the beamforming technique in the presence...
... exponential is a useful tool for the formalizing of computation of initial problems for systemsof the form (1.3), since the usually used method of steps (being nevertheless hidden in the notion of delayed ... remarks Method of representation of solutions developed in the paper can be used to the investigation of some boundary value problems for linear discrete systemswith constant coefficients on finite ... exponential) gives unwieldy formulas Discrete systemsof the form (1.1) containing only one delay are often called systemswith pure delay The main goal of the present paper is to extend the notion of the...
... boundary conditions while the case of some (p, q)-Laplacian systemswith Dirichlet boundary conditions was also successfully treated in [1, 10, 16, 18] Note that we discuss the case of a potential ... The first eigenvalue of p-Laplacian systems Problems of such a type arise in a variety of applications, for example, non-Newtonian fluids, reaction-diffusion problems, theory of superconductors, biology, ... not linear subspaces Starting with the system (1.1)–(1.3), we proceed as follows: in Section 2, we give the space setting and the assumptions on the coefficient functions In Section 3, using the...
... stromelysin-1 expression in explanted discs, we assessed the level of a known substrate, proteoglycans, in Safranin-O-stained sections The GAG-positive area was larger in control discs (30.1 ± 2.8% of ... Because the expression of stromelysin and collagenase is often coordinately regulated [29], we assessed stromelysin expression Western blots showed that all three hormone treatments induced stromelysin-1 ... comparisons test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant Values are expressed as means ± SD Results Relaxin and β-estradiol induce collagenase-1 and stromelysin-1 in TMJ disc explants Explanted...
... decommission the systemswith energy losses to the surroundings. Since they are consistently defined, it is possible to merge the two systems into a broader Fuel Fabrication system ... : mass of different forms of fuel (denoted by each respective subscript) : feed mass : mass of wastes (residues) from the fuel fabrication process : mass of fuel for producing thermal energy : product mass : wastes (residues) from the power generation process (quasi‐ ... current LCA methods were generic enough to be applied across various energy 14 systemswith minimum effort of adjustments; whether the methodology was capable of analysing different aspects of the an LCA, such as carbon emissions, waste ...
... this Thesis This thesis is concerned with the discussion of: Dynamics and controlof distributed parameter systems and recycle systems in chemical engineering The organization of this thesis is ... parameter systemswith recycle We see this as a step towards integrating some of the distributed parameter systems concept with the recycle systems concept 1.5 Contributions of this Thesis An approximate ... Distributed Parameter Systems 1.3 Recycle Systems 1.4 Thesis Scope 1.5 Contributions of this Thesis 1.6 Outline of this Thesis Chapter Dynamics of Lumped Parameter Systemswith Recycle 11 2.1 Introduction...
... precise asymptotic limit of the time-dependent solution is, in general, more di cult especially when the system possesses multiple steady-state solutions One of the di culties is the lack of explicit ... ∗ v as well as the boundary and initial conditions are the same as that in (3.1) It is obvious that this system possesses the same trivial and semitrivial steady-state solutions as that in (3.1) ... Volterra–Lotka models in ecology for studying the global stability and instability of the various constant steady-state solutions The stability conditions for these model problems are given in terms of the...
... (easier) question of proving the lower bounds for NK,n (X) asserted in Theorem 1.1, and finish with a brief discussion of some related issues We make some preliminary remarks Firstly, as was discussed ... importance of a closer study of the distribution of rational points on these Hilbert schemes The results can perhaps be improved using certain techniques from the study of integral points, such as the ... can also be analyzed by constructing an associated quintic extension (using the isomorphism of PSL2 (F5 ) with A5 ) and counting these quintic extensions This is close in spirit to the idea of the...
... THE CONTROLSYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROBLEM Controlsystems engineering consists of analysis and design ofcontrolsystems configurations Analysis is the investigation of the properties of an existing ... analysis or design Three basic representations (models) of components and systems are used extensively in the study ofcontrol systems: Mathematical models, in the form of differential equations, ... Discrete-time control systems, also called discrete-data control systems, or sampleddata control systems, have discrete-time signals or components at one or more points in the system We note that discrete-time...
... Terms of Two Measures with Initial Time Difference Dynamics of Continuous, Discrete and Impulsive Systems Series A: Mathematical Analysis pp 270–275.Watam Press, Waterloo (2007) DCDIS 14 (S2 ) ... differential systems [4,7] The classical notions of boundedness and Lagrange stability [5,7-10,21] are with respect to the null solution, but ITD boundedness and Lagrange stability [2,12-20] are with respect ... transmission line theory, chemical analysis of aqueous solutions, design of heat-flux meters, rheology of soils, growth of intergranular grooves at metal surfaces, quantum mechanical calculations...
... mã hóa không liệu(lossless) kỹ thuật mã hóa liệu(lossy) Trong kỹ thuật mã hóa liệu, s thông tin bị Trong mã hóa nguồn, có hai loại mã hóa –(lossless) mã hóa không liệu (lossy)mã hóa liệu Trong ... liệu(lossless), thông tin không bị Khi nén tập tin máy tính s dụng kỹ thuật nén (ví dụ, WinZip), không bị thông tin Kỹ thuật mã hóa gọi kỹ thuật mã hóa không liệu(lossless) Trong mã hóa liệu(lossy), ... video kỹ thuật mã hóa liệu(lossy) Chú ý: tiện ích nén s dụng để nén file liệu s dụng kỹ thuật nén không liệu(lossless) Việc nén hình ảnh JPEG kỹ thuật nén liệu(lossy) s thông tin bị Kênh mã hóa(Channel...
... distributions of 148 the genotypes or alleles between EH patients and NT subjects were tested using a two-sided Fisher s exact test Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to assess the ... Animal models with a deletion of this gene develop disorders that resemble the symptoms of subjects with a deleted allele in the 5’-untranslated region of NPRA We previously isolated a missense mutation ... al., based on multivariate models adjusting for known risk factors, showed that elevated plasma BNP levels were associated with an increased risk of blood pressure progression in males but not...