... between stem frequency in Covo
during year t and frequency change in MZEE between t
and year u = t + i
Initial frequency and dissemination in MZEE
In studying the fate of all words in two En-
glish ... detection of English
inclusions in mixed-lingual data with an application
to parsing. Ph.D. thesis, Institute for Communicat-
ing and Collaborative Systems, School of Informatics,
University of Edinburgh.
Eduardo ... portion of the MZEE cor-
pus, the training data consisted of the disjoint sub-
sets of the Englishand German CELEX wordlists
(Baayen et al., 1995), as well as the words used
in Covo (to obtain coverage...
... learners work
in their teaching and learning of
second/foreign language. Indeed, the use of
the Internet and the World Wide Web in
second and foreign language instruction has
been increasingly recognized. ... solving, critical
thinking and negotiation of meaning.
Distance learning is especially ofbenefitsin
language learning because not everyone can
afford to study abroad and explore the
language ... pedagogical
principles oflanguage teaching is one that
emphasizes the study oflanguagein a
cultural context because languageand
culture are inextricable and independent.
Sanaouri and Lapkin (1992)...
... courses
of action
TAKING ACTION
Selecting a course
of action
EVALUATING
Studying the
consequences of an
action
SPECIFYING
LEARNING
Indentifying general
findings
DIAGNOSING
Indentfying ... was used in teaching and
learning, and when it was not. The tests focused on examining students‟ understanding of
the words and expressions through direct translation and using them in suitable ... negotiations of meaning and trial
and error often lead to what has been dubbed an „interlanguage‟, where a mix of L1 and L2
is used to communicate and establish the correct way of communicating in the...
... series.
CONTENTS.
THE ART OF WRITING AND SPEAKING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 7
WORD-STUDY
INTRODUCTION THE STUDY OF SPELLING
The Art Of Writing & Speaking The English by Sherwin Cody 3
... few have come in and
by their superior command oflanguage gained a distinct advantage over rivals, then the power inherent in
language comes into universal demand the business standard is raised. ... understands the meaning of the principal marks;
Second, because one of the essentials in accurate pronunciation and good spelling is the habit of analyzing the
sounds which compose words, and training...
... bilingual Arabic -English speaking Canadian
children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 31, 661–678.
Adams, M. J. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print.
The Reading ... understanding of
the reading process, including reading failure. Since the con-
cept of learning disability was first outlined by Samuel Kirk
(1963), investigators have concentrated on identifying ... most
of their schooling inEnglish or French, depending on the
area of the country in which they live. Because the major-
ity of provinces in Canada offer educational instruction in
English, many immigrant...
...
provement in parsing accuracy.
Sample mappings from the terminals and non-
terminals of our grammar to those of the Lancaster tree-
bank are provided in Table 5. For ease of understanding,
we ...
and
label-consistent.
The
span
of a consitituent
is the string of words which it dominates, denoted by a
pair of indices (i, j) where i is the index of the leftmost
word and j is the index ...
interesting" such construction.
4. Statistical Training and Evaluation
In this section we will give a brief description of the
procedures that we have adopted for parsing and training...
... read and write inEnglish because of their developing
oral English proficiency, and effective instructional strategies to help ELLs master reading
and writing in English.
5
Phonemic Awareness Instruction
What ... native language reading instruction
does not precede or coincide with English reading instruction, then English reading
instruction should be delayed until a modicum of oral English proficiency ... metalinguistic awareness, graphic mapping, and problem solving in
science, math, and reading.
The Effective Use of Time model is based on four steps: pretesting, informing,
organizing instruction...
... knowledge of
their English language.
3.3. Advantages and
disadvantages of using group
writing
Table 1 summaries the teachers'
opinion about the strong points and
weak points of using ... requires an
understanding of the need and interest
of each class on the part of the teacher.
Vietnamese classes ofEnglish are often
very big. In regular classes, students
are often of the same ... divided into groups
4. Students working in groups
5. Group writing
6. Teacher evaluating
b.
1. Teacher preparing information
2. Class divided into groups
3. Group brainstorming and
writing...
... pressures investigators to
publish their work in journals indexed by Index Medicus and
the Institute for Scientific Information because of the visibility
of papers appearing in the PubMed database and ... the
use ofEnglish can be considered an important qualification
distinguishing researchers who are fluent inEnglish from
others lagging behind in many non -English- speaking
countries. German investigators ... committee of the studied conference might
have invited the use ofEnglishin an attempt to increase the
number of non-German-speaking delegates.
In conclusion, we found that about one-quarter of the
abstracts...
... accounting for 71% of the area in main-
land China), and includes eleven provinces and one
municipality, but the population is relatively sparse
(360 million, accounting for only 28% of the ... National Bureau of Statistics of China. China statistical year-
book 2003 [in Chinese]. Beijing: China Statistics Press. 2003:
100-102.
19. Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Chongqing statistic-
al ... gender and school type affecting the
prevalence of refractive errors.
Quality Assurance
All investigators and staff involved in this re-
search participated in an intensive two-day training....