agriculture food the environment and rural development ers produces such information and analyses to inform policy and program decisions made across the spectrum of usda m
THE ECONOMICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES docx
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 04:20
... and the horizontal axis, indicating that the MODELS, SYSTEMS, AND DYNAMICS 33 amount consumed over the program exactly equals the amount of cake at the beginning of the program The slope of the ... In other words, the present-value Hamiltonian must be zero at terminal time 34 1.6 ECONOMICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS An understanding of models, model ... between human activities and the environment, with chapters on the global commons, economic growth and the environment, trade INTRODUCTION and the environment, biodiversity, and environmental accounting...
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Lean Manufacturing and the Environment: Research on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and the Environment and Recommendations for Leveraging Better Environmental Performance doc
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 19:20
... environmental regulatory framework The goal of this effort was to help public environmental agencies better understand the environmental implications of lean manufacturing and to help them adjust environmental ... Six Sigma has evolved among some companies to include methods for implementing and maintaining performance of process improvements The statistical tools of the Six Sigma system are designed to help ... to implement their own lean systems across all of their manufacturing operations.22 In the 1990s, numerous small, medium, and large suppliers of automotive components began the transition to lean...
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Support to the identification of potential risks for the environment and human health arising from hydrocarbons operations involving hydraulic fracturing in Europe doc
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 00:20
... water, to chemical mixing of the fracturing fluid, injection of the fluid into the formation, the production and management of flowback and produced water, and the ultimate treatment and disposal of ... in harm to the health of members of the public over a wide area due to contamination of drinking water supplies; accident resulting in death or serious injury to workers and/ or members of the public ... relating to the risk to the environment and human health of such operations in the EU An analysis of all EU 27 Member States’ legislation and standards was outside the scope of this study, as was the...
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Odor Pollution in the Environment and the Detection Instrumentation potx
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 14:20
... possible to determine the emission capacity of specific compounds of the liquid phase such as hydrogen sulfide or others A.Yuwono and P Schulze Lammers “Odor Pollution in the Environment and the ... putrid Chemical name: 3-Methylbutanoic acid Common name: Isovaleric acid Formula: C5H10O2 Rotten fish, ammonia like Chemical name: N, NDimethylmethanamine Common name: Trimethyl amine Formula: C3H9N ... reagent The chemical treatment reagent alters the concentration of the odorous components in the aqueous phase and hence lowers the emission of the component For example, a common odorous component...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... facilitate the development of best management practices and optimize treatment systems for effective removal of these compounds in the environment Diana S Aga Department of Chemistry University at ... addressing any one environmental compartment or sample matrix Thus, the total number of compounds mentioned for any environmental compartment or sample matrix is not easily comparable, and the differences ... present, the total number of compounds determined by the analytical methods used in these studies, the varying presence of interferences in the different media sampled, and the total number of studies...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... spectrometry (GC-MS), GC-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are also crucial for the analytical determination ... in terms of providing a more comprehensive picture of the occurrence and fate of the contaminants in the environment examined In addition, the simultaneous determination of a large number of analytes ... commonly on the basis of their consumption in the country where the study is being conducted, the rate of metabolism of drugs, the environmental occurrence, and persistence in the environment In...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems molecules freely elute in and out of the pores and elute at the total permeation volume This makes gel permeation chromatography ... stability of the analytes because some pharmaceutical compounds are thermally labile Another important consideration is the amount of sample used for extraction The amount of sample must be minimized ... methods are the most widely used techniques for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in the environment because most of these compounds are polar and not amenable to gas chromatographic analysis Often...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... for the duration of approximately 72 hours The nutrient solution was made up of mainly nitrate, phosphates, and some trace elements Due to the long-time course of the experiments and to the changing ... Disodium (mg/L) Cell Numbers (cells/mL × 103) at 72 h 3000 105 FIGURE 4.6 Inhibition of the growth rate and the biomass of Desmodesmus subspicatus [%] and cell numbers (cells/mL x 103 ± SD) of Desmodesmus ... DISODIUM, AND GADOFOSVESET TRISODIUM TO FISH The measured substance concentrations were approximately 90 to 120% of the nominal values The time course of the results demonstrates that the substance...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... concentration of the veterinary medicine in animal manure and then uses the nitrogen content of the manure and the maximum spreading rate of manure nitrogen onto land to calculate the maximum quantity of ... Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems reviews our understanding of the inputs of livestock medicines to the environment and synthesizes the available information ... fully understand the mechanisms causing these differences in behavior and their implications in terms of environmental risk Information on the formation and fate of veterinary medicine metabolites...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems the United States use lagoons; 57% use below-ground pits; and the remaining 20% employ other storage techniques, such as manure ... pharmaceuticals on nontarget organisms and ecosystem health has prompted many laboratory-scale and a few field-scale assessments of their environmental fate Several reviews of this information ... hormones to contaminate and adversely impact the environment is directly influenced by their mobility and persistence in animal wastes and soils As a result, many studies have examined the dissipation...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... that the bottom of the soil column rested firmly on the sand Soil columns were allowed to drain, and those with drainage times of 24 to 48 h were chosen for the experiment and were randomly divided ... the form of 410 mL mM CaSO4 was applied to the column drop-wise over 2.5 to 3.5 h Leachate was collected from the bottom of the columns for 48 h, then immediately analyzed for tylosin and E coli ... quality assessments (Molina, 2005) Because of these characteristics, it is important to understand the survival and mobility of these microorganisms in the environment Several researchers have reported...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... beforehand at the University of Bonn Table 8.2 summarizes the performance data of the ELISAs Selectivity in the context of the model experiments performed means that the cross-reactivity of the ... plants the top soil layer is the most important interface with their environment, providing support and protection of the roots and, at the same time, water, nutrients, and some other low-molecular ... depends predominantly on the properties of the compounds and the soils and the relative time scale of each process Physicochemical parameters that are important in predicting the fate of contaminants...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems Phytoremediation, the application of plants and their associated microbes to enhance biodegradation of contaminants in the ... Chromatogram of CTC demonstrating the difference in polarity relative to the observed conjugate and the similarities in isomeric peaks (C) chemical structure of the fragment ion m/ z 677 and its MS/MS ... Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems protein and nucleic acid synthesis, including modulation of enzyme activity and adaptation to environmental stress.28 Environmental...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... cause them to become more persistent and, therefore, even if the half-lives of these compounds are short, long-term exposure effects and combinatory effects need to be addressed The ecotoxicological ... required to achieve 50% removal of the selected pharmaceuticals from surface and laboratory-grade water ranged from 34 to 3466 mJ/cm2 using MP-UV photolysis, 39 to 23105 mJ/cm2 using LP-UV photolysis, ... variety of organic compounds are economically feasible and competitive when compared to the use of other treatment processes (such as ozonation and membranes) The comparison should take into consideration...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... tendency Dow is the ratio of the sum of the concentrations of all species of the compound in octanol to the sum of the concentrations of all species of the compound in water, and its value highly ... 11.6 These two tables show the number of detections above the MRL (detects), percent frequency of detection (% freq), minimum (min), maximum (max), median, and average (ave) It is important to ... as there is a far greater probability of forming toxic byproducts from mg/L of NOM as compared to ng/L of trace contaminants Both ozone and UV-AOP processes tend to form less aromatic and more...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 12 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems such compounds into surface waters, via excretion of the unmetabolized parent compounds into municipal sewage systems and ... human and veterinary medicines and as growth promoters in feeds for livestock.5 SMX is commonly prescribed in tandem with the synthetic pyrimidine antibacterial trimethoprim (TMP) under the name ... (10×) molar amounts of FAC compared to the target compound For SMX, 4-aminophenyl methyl sulfone (APMS), TMP, and 2,4-diamino-5-methylpyrimidine (DAMP), sample aliquots were periodically taken and...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 13 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... significant investment has been made in manure storage systems on livestock farms At their simplest, manure storage systems allow the farmer to time manure application to match crop needs, and to prevent ... estrogenic activity in the effluent of some of these systems is due primarily to sorption of these compounds to the organic matter retained in the system, the problem of contamination of water resources ... either a man -made ditch, flushing system, or other similar man -made devices into waters that originate outside of and pass over, across, or through the facility or the animals confined in the...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 14 doc
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... and ammonia, as well as carbon dioxide and methane, from the confinement building Prior to removal from the pit, the manure must be agitated to homogenize it so that all of it can be completely ... due to the predominance of the anionic form and much more at a lower pH (between their pK1 and pK2) where the neutral form predominates and sorption to organic carbon in biosolids may be more ... in the slurry may be predominantly introduced to the environment If the lagoon is mixed prior to land application, all antibiotics in the lagoon may, in that case, be released to the environment...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 15 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems Residues of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals are introduced into the environment via a number of pathways but primarily ... wastewater could lead to underestimation of their risks to the aquatic environment 15.3.2 SORPTION It is important to note that the main removal mechanism of some recalcitrant pharmaceuticals in biological ... calculated based on the removal efficiency of the total organic carbon.52 This implies that the majority of the observed effects after biological treatment must be due to the formation of metabolites,...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 16 (end) pptx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... using a laboratory-scale biofilm bioreactor process The bioreactor was a plug-flow bioreactor, and it used 31 m of polypropylene tubing as the support matrix for the biofilm The bioreactor was fed ... biomass sloughing and discharge from the bioreactor Zwiener and Frimmel51 investigated the biodegradation of three active compounds of pharmaceuticals (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, and diclofenac) ... 380 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems 25 Martin, S.R Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the interaction of tetracyclines with calcium and magnesium Biophysical...
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