part v control of microorganisms

Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 3): Distribution in the Body docx

Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 3): Distribution in the Body docx

Ngày tải lên : 22/01/2014, 00:20
... substance dissolved in a volume (V) ; thus, c = D /V If the dose of drug (D) and its plasma concentration (c) are known, a volume of distribution (V) can be calculated from V = D/c However, this represents ... thereby elevate the free (effective) concentration of the displaced drug (a form of drug interaction) Elevation of the free concentration of the displaced drug means increased effectiveness and ... to membranes of intracellular organelles (6) or are stored within the latter (7) In these cases, Vapp can exceed the actual size of the available fluid volume The significance of Vapp as a pharmacokinetic...
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Organic Chemicals in the Environment pdf

Organic Chemicals in the Environment pdf

Ngày tải lên : 14/03/2014, 19:20
... host of other zooplankton and phytoplankton These biofilms slow a ship and are expensive to remove and prevent Current methods to prevent biofilm formation on ships include a wide variety of toxic ... they are comprised of a primary layer of bacteria that provide an attractive environment for other bacteria and larger organisms Biofilms found on the hull of a ship consist of large organisms ... essential for life They provide a compartment for chemistry to occur separate from the environment Living organisms have also evolved to use membranes for generation and storage of energy using photosynthesis...
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Novel Materials in the Environment: The case of nanotechnology ppt

Novel Materials in the Environment: The case of nanotechnology ppt

Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 16:20
... still very much in its infancy 3.31 From the extensive evidence we have received, as well as from our visits in the UK and overseas, we are not aware of any evidence of severe adverse effects of ... INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW NOVEL MATERIALS 1.1 The discovery, development and deployment of novel materials have always been significant factors in the development of human civilisation Prehistoric ... development of rigorous safety evaluation of nanomaterials” 3.8 As part of a wide-ranging programme of research, the WPMN established a project entitled Safety Testing of a Representative Set of...
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Acid in the environment lessons learned and future prospects ertu

Acid in the environment lessons learned and future prospects ertu

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 11:43
... the province of the Research and Development arms of the various agencies, and their policy equivalents served on an oversight board of agency executives EPA's Office of Research and Development, ... Robert A Askins, Professor of Biology; Jane Dawson, Professor of Government; Arlan Mantz, Professor of Physics; Yong Jin Park, Professor of Economics; Peter Siver, Professor of Botany; Glenn D ... sensitive to the input of additional acids," their recovery from the adverse affects of acid rain will most "likely be delayed.""^ In Acid in the Environment, we provide the perspectives of various...
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Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current and Future Perspectives pot

Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current and Future Perspectives pot

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 22:20
... or near the limit of detection for a given analytical method In this volume, an overview of global environmental regulatory activities relevant to human pharmaceuticals is provided in Chaps and ... Cumulative Frequency of Citations Relative Cumulative Frequency of Citations Perspectives on Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment 2010 Year Fig Representative increase in peer-reviewed publications ... the history of the journal Environmental Science & Technology In Table 1, we provide an overview of the representative literature related to the environmental analysis and occurrence of pharmaceuticals...
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOILS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ppt

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOILS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ppt

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 01:20
... .306 Evolution of Conservation Tillage Systems 306 Defining Conservation Tillage 307 Variants of Conservation Tillage .307 Common Types of Conservation Tillage ... Characterization of Soil Macrofauna .539 Saprovores and Microbivores 539 Herbivores and Granivores 541 Predators and Omnivores 541 The Role of Soil Macrofauna in Ecosystem ... degradation of natural ecosystems, depletion and pollution of surface waters and aquifers, and decimation of biodiversity – all of these processes, which involve the soil directly or indirectly – have...
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Artificial Light in the Environment ppt

Artificial Light in the Environment ppt

Ngày tải lên : 29/03/2014, 14:20
... technologies can provide an equivalent level of visibility at lower levels of light than older systems, such as low-pressure sodium lights, which have narrower ranges of wavelengths, and that ... our study, we have been convinced that artificial light can have significant effects on the natural environment Many of these effects have been investigated at the level of the individual organism, ... of Exeter and Plymouth, 2006• Keeley Visiting Fellow, Wadham College, University of Oxford, 2006• Honorary Visiting Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford • Senior Science Advisor,...
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Odor Pollution in the Environment and the Detection Instrumentation potx

Odor Pollution in the Environment and the Detection Instrumentation potx

Ngày tải lên : 29/03/2014, 14:20
... Survey of the biogenic odor emissions in the environment and their abatement methods Overview of the current development in odor detection instrumentation OVERVIEW OF ODOR POLLUTION IN THE ENVIRONMENT ... CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development Invited Overview Paper Vol VI July, 2004 3 and Olson (1998) derived models that are used for estimating volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions ... Journal of Scientific Research and Development Invited Overview Paper Vol VI July, 2004 26 REFERENCES Abbas, M N., G A Moustafa, J Mitrovics, W Göpel 1999 Multicomponent gas analysis of a mixture of...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... environment, the range of concentrations present in various environmental compartments, and the potential routes of removal/sequestration An overview of the sources and fate of veterinary pharmaceuticals ... professor of chemistry at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Her current research involves the investigations on the fate, transport, and ecotoxicological effects of ... facilitate the development of best management practices and optimize treatment systems for effective removal of these compounds in the environment Diana S Aga Department of Chemistry University at...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... absolute recoveries The analytical procedure gave good recoveries for ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac Nevertheless, in the WWTP effluent, the relative recovery of ibuprofen was only ... approach offers advantages in terms of providing a more comprehensive picture of the occurrence and fate of the contaminants in the environment In addition, the simultaneous determination of a large ... methods offer advantages in terms of providing a more comprehensive picture of the occurrence and fate of the contaminants in the environment examined In addition, the simultaneous determination of...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... 827–833 26 Hajkova, K., Pulkrabova, J., Schurek, J., Hajslova, J., Poustka, J., Napravnikova, M., and Kocourek, V. , 2007 Novel approaches to the analysis of steroid estrogens in river sediments ... solvent The expansion cycles cause a negative pressure in the liquid, and if the amplitude of these waves is strong enough, cavities or bubbles in the solvent can be observed Upon the collapse of ... PLE, also known as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), involves the use of pressurized extraction vessels at elevated temperatures to achieve efficient extraction of analytes The sample is placed...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... MRI and provides an environmental risk assessment based on the information obtained MRI is an essential tool in the noninvasive diagnostics of various diseases, such as tumors, to improve lesion ... characterization In order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnoses, several contrast enhancing agents have been developed in the last few decades by various pharmaceutical manufacturers ... 51.65 mg gadofosveset trisodium Additionally, a reference substance (sodium acetate) was tested at the same DOC concentration in order to verify the viability and activity of the degrading microorganisms...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... LLC Fate and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in the Soil Environment 5.4.2 129 RUNOFF Transport of veterinary medicines via runoff (i.e., overland flow) has been observed for tetracycline antibiotics ... most significant in terms of environmental exposure However, the relative significance of novel routes of entry to the environment from livestock treatments, such as wash-off following topical treatment ... P.G Environmental side effects of the usage of avermectins in livestock Vet Parasitol 48, 109, 1993 31 Halley, B.A., Jacob, T.A., and Lu, A.Y.H The environmental impact of the use of ivermectin:...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... substantially lower than those in livestock and poultry manures (less than μg/kg vs mg/kg levels).6,7 Concern over potential negative impacts of biologically active pharmaceuticals on nontarget organisms ... laboratory-scale and a few field-scale assessments of their environmental fate Several reviews of this information have been published in the past years, especially for veterinary pharmaceuticals Most recently, ... that determine the sorption behavior of antibiotics, as well as present an overview of emerging research on the degradation of antibiotics and hormones in the environment 6.2 ASSESSING CONTAMINANT...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... 2005) Because of these characteristics, it is important to understand the survival and mobility of these microorganisms in the environment Several researchers have reported E coli surviving up to ... impact of these substances in that environment An understanding of the degradation and fate of veterinary antibiotics in soil is important because of widespread use of the compounds in livestock ... transported with sediment during a runoff event (Davis et al., 2006) Very few studies have evaluated mobility and degradation in the environment in the presence of a manure substrate (Rabølle and...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... dissolved in acetone at concentrations of 2.26 g L of sulfamethazine and 2.41 g L of sulfamethoxazole To avoid direct contact of the solvent with the plant and with soil microorganisms, 25 mL of ... samples an overestimation of the concentrations was observed, giving recovery rates of more than 200% It can also be seen that the selectivity of the serum for sulfamethazine in the presence of equal ... fate of contaminants in soil have been collated for antibiotics in the review articles by Tolls18 and Thiele-Bruhn.19 Chapter in this book also provides an overview of sorption and degradation of...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... chapter provides an overview on the role of plant GSTs in phytoremediation of organic contaminants and presents recent work on GST-mediated transformations of environmentally relevant antibiotics ... root cultures of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus),18 resulting in the inactivation of oxytetracyline via oxidation 9.4 DETOXIFICATION OF XENOBIOTICS VIA GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION Plants have an intricate ... FUNCTION, AND EVOLUTION The GST enzymes are hetero- and homodimeric, with an average molecular weight of around 50 kDa, and serve a variety of functions GSTs are encoded by a large and diverse gene...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... downstream conventional drinking water plant will receive elevated levels of pharmaceutically active compounds that will survive to some degree into the finished drinking water One study even suggests ... was the result of enhanced coagulation rather than ozone alone.37 10.3.5 ULTRAVIOLET (UV) AND ADVANCED OXIDATION TREATMENT Even though few studies of degradation of PhACs by UV light treatment ... remove PhACs from water include adsorption using activated carbon, ozonation, ultraviolet (UV), and advanced oxidation processes The concentrations investigated in laboratorycontrolled evaluations...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... LLC Removal of Endocrine Disruptors and Pharmaceuticals FIGURE 11.3 239 Removal of psychoactive compounds by UV, chlorine, and ozone UV 40 mJ Chlorine 3.5 mg/L Ozone 2.5 mg/L Naproxen Diclofenac ... Dow is the ratio of the sum of the concentrations of all species of the compound in octanol to the sum of the concentrations of all species of the compound in water, and its value highly depends ... degree of attenuation of a particular contaminant Tixier et al studied the concentration variation of six pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and river waters.34 The concentration profiles of...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 12 pot

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 12 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... added to vials at varying molar ratios of competitor to antibacterial over a range of pH values A fixed substoichiometric dose of free chlorine was then added under rapid mixing to each vial After ... IDENTIFICATION OF REACTIVE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS The kinetic models discussed above provide useful tools for evaluating the importance of each antibacterial and oxidant species in the kinetics observed for ... Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food, WHO Food Additives Ser., 27, 1991 28 JECFA 60th meeting of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Toxicological evaluation...
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