TỪ VỰNG, NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP CHI TIẾT THEO UNIT 10 TIẾNG ANH 12

UNIT 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES A VOCABULARY insect (n) /ˈɪnsekt/ become extinct extinct (a) - extinction (n) /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ endangered species (be) in danger endangered (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd/ globe (n) global (adj) /ɡloʊb/ habitat (n) /ˈhæbɪtæt/ Destroy (v) /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ drain (v) /dreɪn/ Drainage (n) /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/ rare species urbanization (n) /ˌɜːrbənəˈzeɪʃn/ urbanize (v) urban (a) /ˈɜːrbən/ vulnerable (adj) /'vʌlnərəbl/ vulnerability (n) /,vʌlnərə'biliti/ vulnerably (adv) construct (v) /kənˈstrʌkt/ construction (n) /kənˈstrʌkʃn/ worldwide (adj) /ˈwɜːrldwaɪd/ toxic chemical contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ contamination (n) /kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/ (be) driven to the verge of … lead to lose (v) – loss (n) /luːz/ biodiversity (n) /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪ ˈvɜːrsəti/ benefit from /‘benifit/ conserve (v) = preserve /kənˈsɜːrv/ (v) conservation (n) = /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/ preservation (n) vulnerable (adj) /'vʌlnərəbl/ aware of (adj) awareness (n) /əˈwernəs/ protect s.th / s.o from a wide range of survive (v) – survival (n) /sərˈvaɪv/ legal (adj) # illegal (adj) /ˈliːɡl/ Identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ Primary /ˈpraɪmeri/ côn trùng trở nên tuyệt chủng tuyệt chủng – tuyệt chủng loài mối nguy hiểm vòng nguy hiểm bị nguy hiểm, bị lâm nguy tồn cầu mơi trường sống, nơi sống tàn phá, phá hoại tháo nước tháo nước lồi thị hóa thị hóa thuộc thành phố to sb/ sth: dễ bị nguy hại tính chất bị nguy hại xây dựng xây dựng khắp giới chất hóa học có độc làm bẩn, ô nhiễm Bị đẩy đến bờ vực dẫn đến tổn thương đa dạng sinh học ích lợi từ bảo tồn, bảo vệ bảo tồn, bảo vệ dễ bị công, tổn thương nhận thức nhận thức bảo vệ đó/ khỏi… đa dạng tồn tại, tồn hợp pháp/ bất hợp pháp xác định Exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ exploit /ˌekˈsplɔɪ / Wetland /ˈwetlənd/ Dam /dæm/ Rare /rer/ Toxic chemical Contaminated /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ Red list Overhunting Survive /sərˈvaɪv/ Overexploitation Measure /ˈmeʒər/ Crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ Evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ Essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ Bared teeth (n) deforestation (n) /di,fɔris'tei∫n/ Derive (from) (v) /di'raiv/ poach (v) /poutʃ/ poacher (n) /'poutʃə/ enact (v) /ɪˈnækt/ In danger of (extinction) Be threatened with extinction Become extinct Lead to a loss of biodiversity Drive many species to the verge of extinction khai thác khai thác vùng đất ngập nước đập nước hóa chất bị nhiểm bẩn danh sách đỏ săn bắn triệt để tồn khai thác mức biện pháp khủng hoảng chứng thiết yếu thiết yếu hở phá rừng bắt nguồn từ Săn trộm, câu trộm Kẻ săn trộm, kẻ câu trộm ban hành (đạo luật) = be endangered bị đe dọa với tuyệt chủng cân sinh học đẩy nhiều loài đến bờ vực tuyệt chủng Make effort = efforts are made Raise people’s awareness of nâng cao nhận thức người Protect sth from… bảo vệ khỏi Protect wildlife from commercial trade and overhunting A wide range of… số lượng lớn as many as used to show surprise that the Eg: There were as many as 200 people at number of people or things involved the lecture is so large: lên đến bare your teeth nhe răng, nhe nanh be derived from sth (phr v): to come or xuất phát từ, có nguồn gốc từ develop from sth Eg: The products are derived from plants to/ on the verge of sth/ of doing sth: very near Sắp, gần, to the moment when sb does sth or sth Eg: The panda is on the verge of happens extinction clone /kloun/ (v) Nhân vơ tính B READING I BEFORE YOU READ Match the names with the animals a dugong a rhinoceros a squirrel monkey a parrot a panda a kangaroo WHICH OF THEM ARE IN DANGER? II WHILE YOU READ Endangered species are plant and animal species which are in danger of extinction Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200 animal species around the globe are threatened with extinction, and many thousands more become extinct each year before biologists can identify them The primary causes of species extinction are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously damaged natural habitats Since the 1600s, worldwide commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has seriously reduced the number of rare species Toxic chemicals in the air and land, contaminated water and increased water temperatures have also driven many species to the verge of extinction Plant and animal extinction leads to a loss of biodiversity Maintaining biodiversity is important for us in many ways For example, humans depend on species diversity to have food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture In addition, we benefit greatly from the many medicines and other products that biodiversity provides Different conservation efforts have been made in order to save endangered species The Red List - a global list of endangered and vulnerable animal species - has been introduced to raise people's awareness of conservation needs Governments have enacted laws to protect wildlife from commercial trade and overhunting A number of wildlife habitat reserves have been established so that a wide range of endangered species can have a chance to survive and develop Task 1: The nouns in column A all appear in the passage Match each of them with a suitable definition in column B A extinction B a the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment habitat b the act of preventing something from being lost, wasted, damaged or destroyed biodiversity c a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc stops existing conservation d the natural environment in which a plant or animal lives - ……… - ……… - ……… - ……… Task 2: Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences about the reading passage The number of species around the globe threatened with extinction is over ………… A.7,200 B 8,300 C 1,600 D 15,000 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a primary cause of species extinction? A pollution B natural selection C habitat destruction D overexploitation The Red List is a special book that provides names of ………… animals A vulnerable and endangered C endangered B hunted D extinct The development of wildlife habitat reserves helps ………… A save a large number of endangered species B make a list of endangered species C enact laws to protect wildlife D develop commercial trade and overhunting The best title for the passage is ………… A Endangered Species and Conservation Measures B Endangered Species and their Benefits C The Global Extinction Crisis D Endangered Species Extinction: Causes and Conservation Measures III AFTER YOU READ RHINOCEROSES Rhinoceroses are prehistoric beasts found in parts of Africa and Asia There are five species and three Asian The African species are the white and the back rhinos The Asian rhinos include the Indian and the Javan, each with one horn, and the two-horned Sumatran Today all five species of rhinos are perilously close to extinction Habitat loss has not been a significant factor in the decline of rhinos It is poaching for their horns that has decreased rhino populations Asians use powdered rhino horn in traditional medicines because many of them believe that powdered rhino horn might help cure everything from fever to measles and retain the vigor of youth Also, young men in the Arab country of Yemen covet rhino horns for elaborately-carved rhino horn makes it enormously profitable to poach rhinos and sell them on the black market Because of big profits, poachers never want to stop shooting rhinos, and selling their parts and associated products There are some measures carried out to rescue rhinos from extinction Rhinos are protected and saved by trade regulations, protected areas, and armed guards At present rhinos are protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITIES), an agreement among more than 120 nations to eliminate illegal trade in wild animals and their parts and associated products Rhinos live in some of the same African parks and reserves that provide habitat for elephants They are also kept under armed guards because many of them were once killed in protected areas * Fill out the missing information in the grid below African Rhinos Type of horn ………………………………… Number of species ………………………………… Name(s) of species ………………………………… Status ………………………………… B GRAMMAR Asian Rhinos ……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… Close to extinction ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 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……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… PRACTICE EXERCISES I Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box biodiversity vulnerable deforestation extinct overexploitation habitat reserves conservation awareness contaminated She has been interested in working with orphans and children is the most important cause of freshwater turtle extinctions Many more species potentially will become , without gaining public notice is the variety of plant and animal species present in the natural environment They developed programs aimed at protecting threatened and endangered species A is the natural environment in which an organism lives A number of wildlife have been established to preserve endangered species from extinction is the act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area The main objective of our program is to raise on biodiversity conservation to students 10 When food becomes , it has the potential to make you sick II Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200 animal species around the globe are threatened with (1) (extinct), and many thousands more become extinct each year before (2) (biology) can identify them The primary causes of species extinction or (3) (endanger) are habitat (4) (destroy), commercial (5) (exploit) (such as plant collecting, hunting, and trade in animal parts), damage caused by nonnative plants and animals introduced into an area, and (6) (pollute) Of these causes, direct habitat destruction threatens the greatest number of species Since the 1600s, the rate of extinction has accelerated (7) (rapid) because of human population (8) (grow) and human resource (9) (consume) Many biologists believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the (10) (appear) of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago III Complete the sentences with may or might followed by the correct forms of the verb in brackets If both may and might are possible, indicate this ‘Where’s Emma?’ ~ I don’t know She (be) out shopping, I suppose If you went to bed for an hour, you (feel) better The painting (not be) a masterpiece, but you’ve got to admit that the colours are striking Do you think Jean (complete) the report by now? The planet Venus (see) clearly in the night sky during this month My tweed jacket isn’t in my closet I think my roommate (borrow) it He often borrows my clothes without asking me Is that John’s car-that just stopped? He (wait) for us She (not/ dance) very gracefully, but she had a lot of energy and enthusiasm Jane said that she (go) and stay with her mother 10 I’ve heard that the newsagents is losing a lot of money and it (close) down 11 His maths (improve) by the time the exam comes round 12 Students (not use) the staff car park 13 Where’s Jane? I haven’t seen her for weeks ~ I’m not sure She (travel) in Europe 14 Don’t let the children play in this room They (break) something 15 If I were in Tom’s position, I (look) for another job IV Underline the best answer from each group in italics Bookings need/ must be made at least seven days before departure In most developed countries, people mustn’t / don’t need to boil water before they drink it You needn’t/ mustn’t go on the beach when the tide’s coming in It’s very dangerous I often have to/ must work at the weekend to get everything done There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind You mustn’t/ needn’t decide now We’ve been told that we don’t have to/ mustn’t be at work until 10.00 tomorrow When you have time, we must/ have to get together for a weekend You mustn’t/ don’t have to look in the closet Your birthday present is hidden there As you worked late yesterday you needn’t/ mustn’t come until 10.00 tomorrow morning 10 Employees will have to/ must accept the new conditions or be dismissed 11 Of course the first thing I did was to call the police and I mustn’t / didn’t have to wait very long for them to get there 12 You mustn’t / needn’t use the office phone for private calls 13 You needn’t / mustn’t have woken me up I don’t have to I mustn’t go to work today 14 Nowadays it needn’t/ mustn’t cost a fortune to own a powerful computer 15 I’ve got bad toothache I must/ have to make an appointment with the dentist V Complete the following sentences with can, could, be able to, may, might, must, need, have to Add not if necessary for a sentence to make sense I feel absolutely awful I think I have flu I used to run for miles Now I even run round the block! Let’s be quiet when we go into the baby’s room The baby_be sleeping, and we don’t want to wake her up I swim really well when I was six years old Although she had a broken leg, she swim to the shore She reserve the seat - there’ll be plenty of room You have a special licence to drive lorries weighing over two tons Billy, come away from that dog It bite you In the United States, elementary education is compulsory All children , attend six years of elementary school 10 At my last job, we make any personal phone calls from the office We use the public call box in the street! 11 Smoking cause all sorts of physical problems 12 I phone Steve when I get home I said I’d call him last night, but I forgot 13 Johnny! You play with sharp knives Put that knife down immediately! 14 Guests leave their valuables in the hotel safe if they wish 15 My father gave me a letter to post I remember to post it VI Write new sentences with a similar meaning It is necessary to all of this photocopying before lunchtime All of this photocopying has _ It’s possible Louise is waiting for us at the airport Louise may Maybe Mathew forgot all about it Mathew might I had the chance to a parachute jump, but I was too scared I could _ It is not necessary for anyone to know who paid the ransom to the kidnappers No one needs _ It may be necessary for us to cancel our holiday because my mother is ill We may It is necessary to extend the college to accommodate the growing number of students The college has _ I’m absolutely sure that they weren’t playing in this weather They can’t It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much trouble on my behalf You needn’t _ 10 A heavy shower prevented them from finishing their game of tennis They were 16 Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species more desirable for collectors and poachers a awareness b preservation c support d impact 17 World Wide Fund for Nature was formed to the mission of the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption a contamination b energy c extinction d development 18 The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss a reserve b generation c natural environment d diversity 19 It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely populated, such as much of Asia and Africa a disappeared b increased c threatened d reduced 20 _ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment a Biodiversity b Conservation c Globe d Individual 21 She _ be ill I have just seen her playing basket ball in the school yard a needn't b shouldn't c mustn't d can't 22 Hiking the trail to the peak _ be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes You _ research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent a might / can b may / mustn't c can / should d must / needn't 23 Peter has been working for 10 hours He _ be very tired now a needn't b must c has to d should 24 He is unreliable What he says _ be believed a cannot b must not c may not d might not 25 I _ find my own way there You _ wait for me a should / can't b have to / must c can / needn't d might / mustn't 26 I was reading the book last night before I went to bed I never took it out of this room It be lying around here somewhere Where _ it be? a might / needn't b can / should c shouldn't / may d must / can 27 When you have a small child in the house, you _ leave small objects lying around Such objects _ be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death a should / must b should not / might c needn't / may d mustn't / can't 28 Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table He _ it here last night a must have left b should have left c must be leaving d needn't leave 29 Jenny's engagement ring was precious! It _ have cost a fortune a must b should c can d needn't 30 You _ take your umbrella along with you today It _ rain later on this afternoon a ought to / mustn't b needn't / will c will / must d should / might III Error Identification 31 Species become extinct or endangerment for a number of reasons, but the primary cause A B is the destruction of habitat by human activities C D 32 Although species evolve differently, most of them adapt to a specific habitat or A B environment that best meets their survive needs C D 33 Without the particularly habitat, the species could not survive A B C D 34 Such human activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, A B C urbanization, and road and dam construction has destroyed or :seriously damaged D available habitats 35 Habitat fragmentation have caused plant and animal species in the remaining islands of A B C habitat to lose contact with others of their own kind D IV Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer Species that belong to an area are said to be native species Typically, they have been part of a given biological landscape for a long period, and they are well adapted to the local environment and to the presence of other native species in the same general habitat Exotic species are interlopers, foreign elements introduced intentionally or accidentally into new settings through human activities In one context an introduced species may cause no obvious problems and may, over time, be regarded as being just as "natural" as any native species in the same habitat In another context, exotics may seriously disrupt delicate ecological balances and create a cascade of unintended consequences The worst of these unintended consequences arise when introduced species put native species in destruction by preying on them, altering their habitats, or out-competing them in the struggle for food resources Although biological introductions have affected environments the world over, the most destructive, effects have occurred on islands, where introduced insects, cats, pigs, rats, mongooses, and other nonnative species have caused the grave endangerment or outright extinction of literally hundreds of species during the past 500 years One of other reason to cause species extinction is overexploitation This word refers to the utilization of a species at a rate that is likely to cause its extreme endangerment or outright extinction Among many examples of severe overexploitation, the case of the great whales stands out in special relief By the middle of the 20th century, unrestricted whaling had brought many species of whales to incredibly low population sizes In response to public pressure, in 1982 a number of nations, including the USA, agreed to an international moratorium on whaling As a direct result, some whale species which are thought to have been on extinction's doorstep 25 years ago have made amazing comebacks, such as grey whales in the western Pacific Others remain at great risk Many other species, however, continue to suffer high rates of exploitation because of the trade in animal parts Currently, the demand for animal parts is centered in several parts of Asia where there is a strong market for traditional medicines made from items like tiger bone and rhino horn 36 Native species _ a are not used to the local environment b never get along well with other native species in the same environment c tend to harm to exotic species d have been part of a given biological landscape for a long period 37 Exotic species _ a no harm to native species and the local environment b may kill native species for food c always share the environment peacefully with native species d help to make the local environment more ideal to survive 38 According to the first paragraph, _ a non-native species have caused badly damage to native ones b introducing new exotic species to local environments is necessary c exotic species have never been introduced on islands d very few native species have been damaged by exotic species 39 According to the second paragraph, by the middle of the 20 century _ a whale population was the most crowded in marine life b whale hunting was illegal c whale population increased dramatically d whaling was not restricted 40 Tiger bone and rhino horn _ a are not popular in Asian markets b are never in the trade of animal parts c are used for making traditional medicines d cannot be found in Asian markets V Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (41) _ governmental organization for the (42) _, research, and restoration of the environment The organization was (43) _ as a charitable trust on September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund It was an initiative of Julian Huxley and Max Nicholson It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over million (44) _ worldwide, working in more (45) _ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental projects around the world It is a charity, with (46) 9% of its funding coming from voluntary (47) _ by private individuals and businesses The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (48) _ of our environment" Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts Among other issues, it is also concerned (49) _ endangered species, pollution, and climate change The organization (50) more than 20 field projects worldwide In the last few years, the organization set up offices and operations around the world 41 a non b not c no d nor 42 a challenge b keeping c conservation d awareness 43 a produced b discovered c used d formed 44 a supporters b residents c inhabitants d citizens 45 a as b than c to d as to 46 a generally b individually c commercially d approximately 47 a deposits b donations c refunds d loans 48 a destroy b destructive c destruction d destroyed 49 a on b by c with d upon 50 a goes b walks c reaches d runs TEST I Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest a endangered b destroyed c damaged d provided a attitude b survive c introduce d human a medicine b priority c crisis d primary a chemical b which c change d each a protect b commercial c construction d climate II Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with a extinct b extinction c extinctive d extinctly Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _ rates found in the fossil record a nature b natural c naturally d naturalness It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _ and degradation are the leading threats a destroy b destructive c destructor d destruction We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species _ extinction a from b in c for d on 10 Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized _ a serious threat _ extinction a as / of b to / for c over / with d upon / at 11 Clearing forests for timber has resulted _ the loss of biodiversity a with b at c in d for 12 Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture a destruction b contamination c fertilizer d variety 13 The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife _ a prosperous b prefect c vulnerable d remained 14 Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to so unless urgent action is taken a vanishing b damaging c polluting d destroying 15 _ is the protection of environment and natural resources a Survival b Commerce c Conservation d Extinction 16 Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife a organization b contamination c protection d damage 17 Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _ of extinction a wall b fence c verge d bridge 18 Species become extinct or endangered for _ number of reasons, but _ primary cause is the destruction of habitat by human activities a Ø / a b a / the c the / a d Ø / Ø 19 Since _ 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for _ food and other products has caused numerous species to become extinct or endangered a the / a b the / Ø c Ø / the d the / the 20 I _ be at the meeting by 10:00 I will probably _ take a taxi if I want to be on time a must/ have to b may / must c should / needn't d mustn't / shouldn't 21 You _ forget to pay the rent tomorrow The landlord is very strict about paying on time a needn't b mustn't c not have to d may not 22 The television isn't working It _ during the move a should have been damaged b needn't be damaged c must have been damaged d ought not be damaged 23 I am not deaf You _ shout a must b mustn't c need d needn’t 24 John failed again He _ harder a must have tried b should have tried c can tried d may have tried 25 _ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem Actually, you _ keep it if you want to a May / can b Must / might c Will / should d Might / needn’t c mustn't d oughtn't to 26 I not mind at all You _ apologize a shouldn't b needn't 27 Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours He _ exhausted after such a long flight now a must be b must be being c must have been d should have been 28 The lamp _ be broken Maybe the light bulb just burned out a should not b might not c must not d will not 29 It is a top secret You _ tell anyone about it a mustn't b needn't c mightn't d won't 30 We have plenty of time for doing the work We _ be hurried a needn't b shouldn't c mustn't d mayn't III Choose the best sentence that can be made from the words given 31 we / dependent / nature / cannot survive ourselves / without wildlife a As we are dependent on nature and we cannot survive ourselves without wildlife b We dependent on nature and therefore cannot survive ourselves without wildlife c We are dependent on nature and so cannot survive ourselves without wildlife d We are dependent on nature and cannot survive ourselves without wildlife 32 environmental education / help / spread / environmental awareness / share practical techniques / solve the environmental problems a Environmental education to help for spreading environmental awareness and sharingpractical techniques to solve the environmental problems b Because environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical techniques to solve the environmental problems c Environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical techniques to solve the environmental problems d Environmental education that helps to spread environmental awareness and sharing practical techniques to solve the environmental problems 33 we / engage / individuals / appreciate nature / the relationship / they have with wildlife a We should engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship that they have with wildlife b We might engage individuals for appreciating nature and the relationship that they have with wildlife c We must engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship when they have with wildlife d We need engaging individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship which they have with wildlife 34 everyone / pick up / one piece of trash / a day / about 6.6 billion pieces less a If everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there would be about 6.6 billion pieces less b When everyone will pick up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces would be less c Because everyone picks up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces is less d Unless everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there will be about 6.6 billion pieces less 35 you / conserve energy / go to school or to work by bus / turn off your electric devices / you are not using them a As you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and so turn off your electric devices when you are not using them b If you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus together with turn off ,your electric devices when you are not using them c Suppose you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and turn off your electric devices when you are not using them d When you want to conserve energy, you needn't go to school or to work by bus and turn off your electric devices when you are not using them IV Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase When the word "endangered" is mentioned, people usually think of particular species, like the panda or whooping crane However, we would like to encourage you to think about (41) in a broader context It is (42) _, the physical places where species live and interact with one another Although the development of special breeding programs, also known as captive conservation, may help some species in some cases, it is clearly not (43) _ answer to the global problem Indeed, (44) we are able to protect natural areas where endangered species actually live, they have no future Species become endangered for a wide (45) _ of reasons By analyzing and grouping many individual cases, however, we find the same broad causes (46) _ again and again They are Habitat Destruction, Exotic Species, and Overexploitation Among other factors threatening particular species are limited: distribution, disease, and pollution Limited distributions are often a consequence of other threats: populations confined to one or a few small areas because of habitat (47) _, for example, may be disastrously affected by random factors Diseases can have severe (48) _ on species lacking natural genetic protections against particular pathogens, like the rabies and canine distemper viruses that are currently devastating carnivore populations in East Africa Domestic animals are usually the reservoirs of these and other diseases affecting wild (49) _, showing once again that human activities lie at the root of most causes of endangerment Pollution has seriously done harm (50) _ number of terrestrial species, although species living in freshwater and marine ecosystems are also suffering 36 a development b endangerment c pollution d contamination 37 a plants b conservations c habitats d organizations 38 a a b an c the d Ø 39 a so b but c if d unless 40 a variety b commerce c extinction d destruction 41 a expressing b showing c disappearing d appearing 42 a benefit b reserve c loss d gone 43 a impact b interest c infection d absorption 44 a needs b populations c natures d medicines 45 a to b for c with d at TEST I Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest a extinction b animal c classify d primary a biologist b seriously c commercial a habitat b different c industry d introduce a medicine b endanger c addition d survival a derive b provide c modern d depend d identify II Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one They eventually realize that reckless _ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster a exploit b exploitable c exploitation d exploitative Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _ a fertile b fertility c fertilizers d fertilizable Chemical wastes from factories are _ that cause serious damage to species habitats a pollutes b pollutants c pollutions d polluters Contamination and global warming have driven many species of animals and plants _ the threat of extinction a for b to c with d on 10 Although we are aware _ the importance of environment, we still overexploit it a from b on c for d of 11 They have built a particular reserve' which is suitable _ pandas a at b upon c in d for 12 We should something immediately to conserve _ nature a a b an c the d Ø 13 Everyone knows what is happening to _ earth but we just not know how to stop it a a b an c the d Ø 14 Many species have become extinct each year before biologists can identify them a destroy b drain c endanger d discover 15 If an area is _, all the trees there are cut down or destroyed a endangered b deforested c contaminated d polluted 16 Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture a raise b produce c supply d reserve 17 Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of conservation needs a effort b benefit c exploitation d knowledge 18 All the countries of the area have _ to protect their wildlife but they are rarely enforced a efforts b laws c results d reserves 19 Forest dwellers had always hunted the local _ but their needs had been small a wildlife b commerce c reserve d generation 20 Keep quiet You _ talk so loudly in here Everybody is working a may b must c might d mustn't 21 John is not at home He _ go somewhere with Daisy I am not sure a might b will c must d should 22 _ I have a day off tomorrow? - Of course not We have a lot of things to a Must b Will c May d Need 23 The computer _ reprogramming There is something wrong with the software a must b need c should d may 24 _ I be here by o'clock? - No, you _ a Shall/mightn't b Must / needn't c Will / mayn't d Might / won't 25 If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I _ down the Colorado River right now a should have floated b must be floating c would be floating d would have been floating 26 You _ touch that switch, whatever you a mustn't b needn't c won't d wouldn't 27 Susan _ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly a mustn't b couldn't c can't d needn't 28 You _ be rich to be a success Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name a needn't b couldn't c mayn't d mustn't 29 - Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the airport this morning - She _ there waiting for us a needn't sit b might still sit c must still be sitting d should have sat 30 Jane often wears beautiful new clothes She _ be very rich a must b could c might d needn’t III Choose a, b, c, or d that best fills in the blank 31 I have done this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key _ a The answer in the book should be wrong! b The book needn't have a wrong answer c There is a wrong answer in the book d The answer in the book must be wrong! 32 When I was a child, as we were having dinner, my grandmother always used to say, “ _.” a One must not eat with one's mouth open b You should have eaten with your mouth open c Open your mouth and eating d One needn't open his mouth to eat 33 _ We have still got plenty of food a You should have bought some more to eat b You needn't have gone to the supermarket c We must have bought some more food d May I go to the supermarket? 34 John passed his exam with a distinction _ a He was too lazy to succeed b He can't have studied very hard c He must have studied very hard d He needs studying harder 35 _ We got there far too early a We needn't have hurried b We should hurry up c Hurry up or we will be late d We must have walked hurriedly IV Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer By the year 2025, the Earth could lose as many as one fifth of all species known to exist today In recent centuries, hundreds of species have disappeared, almost always as a result of human activities The passenger pigeon, one familiar example, was a source of food until excessive hunting and habitat loss caused its extinction in 1914 The North American bison, whose populations were decimated by settlers and market hunters in the 1800s, came close to sharing the same fate Bison survive today only because of the efforts of early conservationists Today, species require such efforts more urgently than ever An essential task that falls to present-day conservationists is to determine which species are most, endangered, so that conservation resources' can be applied where action is needed most Species are categorized by the degree to which their survival in the wild is threatened World Wildlife Fund offers a sampling of animals and plants that fall mainly within the two most serious categories ofthreat: critically endangered and endangered What threatens these species' existence? Some of the top threats are habitat destruction by unsustainable logging and ever-encroaching human settlement; pollution of water, soil, and air by toxic chemicals; unnatural climate changes due to fossil fuel use; unmanaged fishing that exhausts fish stocks; and illegal hunting to supply the demand for skins, hides, traditional medicines, food, and tourist souvenirs The list which conservationists presents only a fraction of the species at risk of extinction today and does not include thousands of species whose status we not yet know Hundreds of species without common names have been left out, which means that while many mammals are on this list, only a few insects and mollusks are included Species listed here range from the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale, to the majestic tiger, to the humble thick-shell pond snail Large or small, beautiful or ugly, all species play a role in the complex circle of life All of us depend on the natural resources of our planet Each time a species is lost, the complexity, natural balance, and beauty of our world is diminished And what threatens plants and animals ultimately threatens people as well 36 According to the first paragraph _ a species extinction is only caused by hunting b human beings protect wife life much more than they harm to them c the main cause of species extinction is human activities d we can stop radically species extinction by 2025 37 The North American bison _ a was completely extinct in 1800s b was not the aim of human hunting c was raised by settlers in 1800s d has escaped from extinction thanks to conservationists 38 Species are categorized _ a to prevent hunting b to provide food c to destroy their habitats d to give preferential right to conserve 39 Which sentence is true? a Medicine is not a factor to cause species extinction b The list which conservationists present does not include all kinds of species c Pollution does nothing to species extinction d Conservationists have good knowledge of all kinds of mollusks 40 According to the last paragraph, _ a species extinction has no relationship to human beings b what threaten plants and animals can nothing to human beings c human beings depend on natural resources to survive d not every species has a role in the circle of life V Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future because they have been (41) _ to such low numbers Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere else in the world but they are (42) _ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and non- (43) _ plants The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (44) _ the extinction of the 182 rare Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (45) _ Since 1990, (46) _ a result of their 'Plant Extinction Prevention Program', sixteen species have been brought into (47) _ and three species have been reintroduced Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (48) _ plants in the wild In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (49) _ collecting genetic material from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future They also aim to manage wild populations and where possible reintroduce species into (50) _ 41 a disappeared b reduced c increased d developed 42 a guarded b invested c conserved d threatened 43 a nation b native c national d nationally 44 a prevent b encourage c stimulate d influence 45 a wild b atmosphere c hole d sky 46 a so b due c as d but 47 a contamination b production c cultivation d generation 48 a derive b vary c remain d protect 49 a at b for c with d on 50 a shelters b reserves c gardens d halls ... nước đập nước hóa chất bị nhiểm bẩn danh sách đỏ săn bắn triệt để tồn khai thác mức biện pháp khủng hoảng chứng thiết yếu thiết yếu hở phá rừng bắt nguồn từ Săn trộm, câu trộm Kẻ săn trộm, kẻ... lecture is so large: lên đến bare your teeth nhe răng, nhe nanh be derived from sth (phr v): to come or xuất phát từ, có nguồn gốc từ develop from sth Eg: The products are derived from plants... away from that dog It bite you In the United States, elementary education is compulsory All children , attend six years of elementary school 10 At my last job, we make any personal