TỪ VỰNG, NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP CHI TIẾT UNIT 9 TIẾNG ANH 12

UNIT 9: DESERTS A VOCABULARY stretch /stretʃ/ remain a mystery aerial /'eəriəl/ aerial survey /'eəriəl 'sə:vei/ Royal Geographical Society of Australia Aborigine name sth after sth/ sb expedition /,ekspi'diʃn/ dune /dju:n/ hummock /'hʌmək/ crest /krest/ northerly /'nɔ:ðəli/ spinifex corridor /'kɔridɔ:/ stable /'steibl/ slope /sloup/ parallel /'pærəlel/ separate /'seprit/ shrubland pale /peil/ eucalyptus /,ju:kə'liptəs/ cactus /'kæktəs/ Số nhiều: cactuses/ cacti date palm rainfall blanket mosquito net Acacia Antelope colony Gazell jackal explore Branch lead Route Corridor Enormous interpreter Heat Hard Cut down Remain a mystery Remain + Adj /deit pɑ:m/ /'reinfɔ:l/ /'blæɳkit/ /məs'ki:tou net/ /ə'kei∫ə/ /ˈæntɪloʊp/ /'kɔləni/ /gə'zel/ /'dʒỉkɔ:l/ /iks'plɔ:/ /bræntʃ/ /li:d/ /ru:t/ /'kɔridɔ:/ /i'nɔ:məs/ /in'tə:pritə/ /hiːt/ /hɑːrd/ n v adj n n n n n adj n adj adj n adj v n adj n n n n n n n n n n n v n v n n adj n n v trải dài kéo dài, căng : bí mật : khơng, trời : trắc lượng không : Hội địa lí Hồng gia Úc : thổ dân Úc : đặt tên theo gì/ : thăm dò, thám hiểm : cồn cát, đụn cát : gò, đống : đỉnh, nóc, : phía bắc : cỏ nhọn : hành lang, tuyến đường : ổn định : sườn, dốc : song song : phân chia, phân cách : vùng bụi : (màu) nhạt : bạch đàn : xương rồng : chà : lượng mưa : chăn, mền : mùng, chống muỗi : keo : nai sừng : thuộc địa, bầy, đàn : linh dương : chó hoang sa mạc : thăm dò, thám hiểm : nhánh (sơng), ngả (đường), cành : huy, dẫn đường : đường : hành lang : to lớn, khổng lồ : người phiên dịch : sức nóng khắc nghiệt đốn hạ điều bí ẩn remain healthy, remain beautiful: Make an aerial survey khỏe mạnh xinh đẹp thực khảo sát Name Sb/ sth after Sb khơng Đặt tên cho ai/ theo tên Eg: He named his daughter after his beloved aunt The border of A and B Eastward A network of…(short dunes) Deep red- brown B READING biên giới (giữa A B) hướng đông mạng lưới của… màu nâu đỏ sậm I BEFORE YOU READ Match the following deserts with marked places on the world map The Gobi Desert The Great Sandy Desert The Mojave Desert The Sahara Desert II WHILE YOU READ Three great stretches of sandy desert almost circle the centre of Australia To the north of Nullabor Plain stretches the Great Victoria Desert In the west, the Gibbon, Great Sandy, and Tanami Deserts comprise an enormous sandy area North of Lake Eyre lies the Simpson Desert, the last part of Australia to be explored The Simpson Desert lies between Lake Eyre in the south, the Macdonnel Ranges in the north, the Mulligan and the Diamantina Rivers in the east, and the Macumba and Finke Rivers in the west The first European entered the Simpson Desert in 1845 But the desert remained a mystery until Madigan made an aerial survey in 1929 He named the desert after Simpson, President of the South Australian Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia In 1936, Colson and an Australian Aborigine took camels across the desert They travelled along the border of South Australia and the Northern Territory Three years later Madigan led a scientific expedition across the sand dunes on a more northerly route Colson and Madigan both travelled eastward across the Simpson Desert In the Simpson Desert there are different types of dunes In the western part of the desert, there is a network of short dunes, mostly less than 10 metres high Hummock grasses grow in loose sand on the crest and spinifex grows in the corridors between dunes and on the more stable slopes In the northern part of the desert, the dunes are parallel and separated by corridors of low, open shrubland Spinifex grows on the slopes of the dunes These dunes are deep red-brown, but the sand is pale in the area where Queensland, South Australia and Northern Territory meet Dry salt lakes up to 70 kilometres long and 15 kilometres wide lie between long dunes with crests 20 metres high Task 1: Give the Vietnamese equivalents to the following words or phrases stretch: …………………………………………… sandy: …………………………………………… aerial survey: …………………………………………… Royal Geograhical Society of …………………………………………… Australia: …………………………………………… Australian Aborigine: …………………………………………… dune (n): …………………………………………… sloping: …………………………………………… steep: …………………………………………… hummock: …………………………………………… 10 crest: …………………………………………… 11 Spinifex: Task 2: Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) According to the passage, there are three great deserts in Australia ……… The Simpson Desert is the largest one in Australia ……… The desert was named after Simpson in 1929 ……… Colson and Madigan travelled across the Simpson Desert in 1936 ……… There are more dunes in the western part of the desert ……… Dry salt lakes are in the northern part of the desert III AFTER YOU READ ……… FIGHTING BACK DESERT EXPANSION More than a billion people all over the world are under the threat of desert expansion, but few of them are aware that they themselves cause it and are also its victims People cut down trees for fuel and farmland Their herds eat up the grass covering valley floors and hillsides The climate and soil quality, therefore, are affected and forest are turned into deserts Efforts have been made to solve the problem One common method is called “dune fixation”: if a fence is built, it “fixes” sand dunes This fence will prevent the dune from advancing In Algeria, people planted a green wall of trees across the edge of the Sahara to stop desert sand from spreading People in other countries around the Sahara built fences made of brushwood or dead palm leaves for the same purpose Obviously, the Sahara will become much larger unless something continues to be done ro solve this problem Similarly, life is constant struggle for those living near the edges of the Gobi Desert In some places, many people had to leave their homes when their wells became dry and sand buried their houses and crops Therefore, governments in nearby areas have had local people plant trees and banned burning firewood for fuel Even Beijing is threatened by sandstorms every year Strong winds blow sand and dust from the Gobi Desert into Beijing 30 to 40 days a year, so a green wall of forests has been built to protect the city In other parts of the world, other techniques have been used In Iran, a thin covering of oil was poured on sandy areas to retain water for planting trees, but this method may harm the environment Other countries built long canals or pipelines to carry water to desert areas A particular technique was also used: people made stone lines along the route of rainwater flow to catch up rainwater and prevent topsoil from washing away However, these techniques are just temporary Unless people have more effective methods, their homes and land will be lost The fight against the desert is continuing * Complete the following summary of the reading text, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each blank In many parts of the world, people are suffering desert (1) _ They have made a lot of (2) _ to solve the problem The first way is (3) _ sand dunes to prevent sand from moving by planting trees or (4) _ fences Another measure is (5) _ for fuel The third ways is (6) _ on the sand so that water can be retained Some other (7) _ methods include building (8) _ to water dry areas and making stone lines to catch up rainwater B GRAMMAR ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… PRACTICE EXERCISES I Fill in each blank with an appropriate word from the box aerial colonies rainfall crest desert slopes expeditions hummock dunes network The Sahara is the largest on the African continent Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth’s surface and occur where is less than 50 cm/year In areas such as mountain , the soil is shallow, rocky or gravely with good drainage The Simpson desert remained a mystery until Madigan made a survey in 1929 Some of the sand in the Sahara can reach 180 meters in height He had made two to the Gobi Desert to study desert plants She half-stumbled over a of grass as she rushed towards her mother Beneath the city lies a labyrinthine of tunnels Most of the British in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean achieved independence It took us over an hour to reach the of the hill II Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets The Sahara Desert is sparsely covered with various types of ranging from grasses, shrubs, and trees (vegetable) Deserts typically have a plant cover that is sparse but diverse (enormous) More than a billion people all over the world are under the threat of desert (expand) Technological progress has boosted the of the Gobi Desert in Mongolia (explore) The deserts of Patagonia are expanding due to (desert) A wide base will make the structure much more (stabilize) The soil was and nothing seemed to grow in it (sand) Deserts have been growing at a speed within the last 100 years (frighten) The city is at an of 2000 meters (elevate) 10 Three years later Madigan led a expedition across the sand dunes on a more northerly route (science) III Add so, but, therefore, however where appropriate The wind was howling outside, _ it was warm and comfortable indoor The highway was under construction, _ we had to take a different route to work You could fly via Singapore; _, this isn’t the only way There is still much to discuss We shall, _, return to this item at our next meeting It isn’t that he lied exactly, _ he did tend to exaggerate I thought the plane would be delayed; _, I bought a lot of magazines to read Jackson was going to study all night, _ he declined our invitation to dinner We thought the figures were correct _ we have now discovered some errors Cars have become much more complicated _, mechanics need more training than in the past We arrived at the theater late _ the play had not yet begun We were quite surprised 10 Prices have been rising It is unlikely, _, that this increase will continue 11 The bread was old and stale, _ Martha ate it anyway 12 The holiday had been a complete disaster We, _ , decide to fly home early if we could 13 He failed the exam, _ he had to the job he didn’t like 14 The expedition hoped to climb the mountain by August _ bad weather could be a hindrance IV Complete these two paragraphs A Put in: also, but, despite, or, that, therefore CAR PROBLEMS I was having a lot of problems -with my car The engine kept cutting out, and I (1) _ has trouble starting it I got so fed up with it (2) _ I took it to a garage They told me it was going to cost hundreds of pounds to repair, (3) _ unfortunately didn’t have the money, and I (4) _ decided to get rid of the car (5) _ needing it for work Now I get the bus to work (6) _ a colleague gives me a lift B Put in: alternatively, as a result of, consequently, furthermore, in spite of, on top of UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (7) _ their aim to get more young people into universities, the government has put financial difficulties in their way Nowadays most students get a loan instead of a grant, and some have to pay tuition fees (8) _ that (9) _ many of them run up huge debts, or (10) _ their parents have to support them (11) _ these obstacles, some school leavers are discouraged from applying to go to university (12) _ an increasing number are dropping out before completing the course V Underline the correct alternative Your essay is badly organized and full of spelling mistakes Though/ Nevertheless, it contains some very interesting ideas To the east the trees were left standing, while/ in contrast to the west they were cut down I felt guilty about leaving the company even though/ because I knew I had made the right decision I must call my mother Otherwise/ Therefore, she’ll start worrying about me He was refused entry to the country Though/ Instead he was forced to return to Spain Sue didn’t know how to swim, yet/ for she jumped into the swimming pool We are short of money so/ but we had to spend the night on a park bench I understand your point of view However/ Therefore I don’t agree with it Jane is taking a course into auto mechanics because/ so that she can fix her own car 10 Modern farming methods have destroyed the habitat of many birds As a result/ So that their numbers are in decline 11 He has lived next door to us for years, but/ so we hardly ever see him 12 The building was extreme well-constructed and, consequently / furthermore, difficult to demolish 13 Emily has never wanted to return to Yukon to live despite/ because of the severe winters 14 There is fog at Heathrow; the plane, however/ therefore, has been diverted 15 I know traveling by bus takes longer than flying, but/ however it will be more interesting VI Fill in each blank with one appropriate preposition Some animals have specialized adaptations for dealing _ the desert heat and lack _ water People cut _ trees for fuel and farmland Their herds eat _ the grass covering the valley floors and hillsides The climate and soil quality, therefore, are affected and forests are turned _ deserts A lot of efforts have been made to prevent the dune _ advancing In Algeria, people planted a green wall of trees _ the edge of the Sahara to stop the desert sand _ spreading _ the west, the Gibbon, Great Sandy, and Tanami Deserts comprise an enormous sandy area The dunes are separated _ corridors _ low, open shrubland Hummock grasses grow _ the crest and spinifex grows _ the corridors between dunes The Sahara stretches _ the Red Sea _ the outskirts of Atlantic Ocean Children are forced to work _ 19 hours a day in the factories VII Write a sentence of similar meaning using the word or words in brackets This product is cheap, and it’s effective (as well as) _ We can fix dinner for them here, or we can take them to a restaurant (either or) _ The leopard faces extinction The tiger faces extinction (both and) _ The party isn’t very popular, and its policies aren’t very popular (neither nor) _ I felt very emotional, and I almost burst into tears (so that) _ I was quoted in the newspapers and interviewed on TV (not only but also) _ I have to book the hotel, and I have to make the travel arrangements (in addition to) _ My parents are going to meet me at the airport, or my brother is going to meet me at the airport (either or) _ Jane was invited to Bill’s farewell party, and so were her roommates (not only but also) _ Wage cuts have led to people rioting on the streets (as a result of) _ Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges Question 1: "Wow! What a nice coat you are wearing!" - " " A Certainly Do you like it, too? B Thanks My mother bought it for me C I like you to say that D Yes, of course It's expensive Question 2: "Our team has just won the last football match." - " " A Good idea Thanks for the news B Yes I guess it's very good C Well, that's very surprising! D Yes, it's our pleasure Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 3: We spent the entire day looking for a new house A all long day B day after day C all day long D the long day Question 4: I used to meet him occasionally on Avenue A one time B sometimes C in one occasion D none is correct Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 5: The bank announced that it was to merge with another of the high street banks A associate B cooperate C assemble D separate Question 6: He had never experienced such rudeness towards the president as it occurred at the annual meeting in May A impoliteness B encouragement C politeness D measurement TEST FOR UNIT I Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest a grasses b stretches c comprises d potatoes a lie b wide c circle d comprise a compound b route c house d south a dune b hummock c shrub d buffalo a west b between c growth d which II Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one Sahara of Africa is the world's largest desert a Ø/ the b The/ Ø c A/ an d The/ an Deserts can be defined as areas that receive average annual precipitation of less than 250 mm a a b an c the d Ø The Sahara contains complex linear dunes that are by almost kilometers a developed b separated c lay d located A _ is a landscape or region that receives very little precipitation a dune b desert c sandy area d shrub land 10 Deserts are often composed of and rocky surfaces a water b trees c oil d sand 11 Three great stretches of sandy deserts almost circle the center of Australia a dunes b valleys c lands d areas 12 Deserts are also classified by their location and dominant weather pattern a geographical b aerial c sandy d facial 13 Thanks to pictures taken by satellites, deserts have not a mystery in our time a hidden b intended c remained d attained 14 Deserts take one-third of the Earth's land surface a up b on c over d after 15 The Simpson Desert was named _ Mr Simpson, President of the South Australian Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia a with b at c after d for 16 In 1953, Peveril Meigs divided desert regions Earth categories according to the amount of precipitation they received a through/ in b from/ with c on/ into d in/ for 17 More and more are very excited at discovering as many interesting things in the deserts as possible a explores b explorations c explorers d exploratory 18 Can you make a estimate of how much our expedition in the desert may be? a rough b roughly c roughing d roughen 19 After Peter had returned from the Sahara desert, he was confined to bed by a disease a mystery b mysterious c mysteriously d mysteriousness 20 I want to work as an interpreter in the future, , I am studying Russian at university a but b so c however d therefore 21 I am going shopping for food this evening I not have to go at the weekend a so b but c however d moreover 22 When she got the news from her family, she could not anything, cry a but b and c so d however 23 Mrs Lindon has that she is unable to get a job a but not enough education b so little education c however little education d such little education 24 That small car, , is advertised in many current magazines a so inexpensive and comfortable b however inexpensive and comfortable c inexpensive but comfortable d and inexpensive but comfortable 25 We live in the same building we have hardly seen each other a and b therefore c but d so 26 I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD the shop didn't have it a and b but c therefore d so 27 Anna needed some money, , she took a part-time job a furthermore b moreover c however d therefore 28 Julie has a guitar she plays it really well a and b so c but d therefore 29 My fingers were injured my sister had to write the note for me a and b however c so d but 30 The concert was cancelled we went to a nightclub instead a so b however c so on d but III Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer A desert is a hostile, potentially deadly environment for unprepared humans In hot deserts, high temperatures cause rapid loss of water due to sweating, and the absence of water sources with which to replenish it can result in dehydration and death within a few days In addition, unprotected humans are also at risk from heatstroke Humans may also have to adapt to sandstorms in some deserts, not just in their adverse effects on respiratory systems and eyes, but also in their potentially harmful effects on equipment such as filters, vehicles and communication equipment Sandstorms can last for hours, sometimes even days Despite this, some cultures have made hot deserts 'their home for thousands of years, including the Bedouin, Tuareg tribe, and Pueblo people Modern technology, including advanced irrigation systems, desalinization and air conditioning, has made deserts much more hospitable, In the United States and Israel for example, desert farming has found extensive use In cold deserts, hypothermia and frostbite are the chief hazards, as well as dehydration in the absence of a source of heat to melt ice for drinking Falling through pack-ice or surface ice layers into freezing water is a particular danger requiring emergency action to prevent rapid hypothermia Starvation is also a hazard; in low temperatures the body requires much more food energy to maintain body heat and to move As with hot deserts, some people such as the Inuit have adapted to the harsh conditions of cold deserts 36 The text is about a troubles that human beings have to face in a desert b desert storms and desert inhabitants c hot deserts and cold deserts in the United States d desert hospitality and environment 37 Which is not a problem for an unprepared man in a hot desert? a sandstorm b loss of water 38 Sandstorms a no harm to machinery c irrigation d heatstroke b have effects only on the eyes c never lasts more than one hour d have bad effects on both human beings and machinery 39 Which sentence is true? a No one can survive in both hot and cold deserts b Modern technology makes deserts more hospitable c In the United States, all deserts are quite uninhabited d There are no deserts in Israel 40 Which is not a problem in cold deserts? a Starvation b Hypothermia c Frostbite d Body heat IV Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase Desert biomes are the (41) _ of all the biomes In fact, the most important characteristic of a desert is that it receives very little (42) _ Most deserts receive less than 300 mm a year compared (43) rainforests, which receive over 2,000 mm That means that the desert only gets 10 percent of the rain that a rainforest gets! The temperature in the desert can (44) _ drastically from day to night because the air is (45) _ dry that heat escapes rapidly at night The daytime temperature averages 38°C (46) _ in some deserts it can get down to -4°C at night The temperature also varies greatly depending on the (47) _ of the desert Since desert conditions are so severe, the plants that live there need to have (48) _ to compensate for the lack of water Some plants, such as cacti, (49) _ water in their stems and use it very slowly, while others like bushes conserve water by growing few leaves or by having large root systems to gather water or few leaves Some desert plant species have a short life cycle of a few weeks that (50) _ only during periods of rain 41 a coldest b hottest c driest d wettest 42 a rain b rainfall c raindrop d raincoat 43 a with b for c about d in 44 a change b exchange c transform d transfer 45 a such as b such c so much d so 46 a when b while c as d because 47 a part b region c area d location 48 a adaptations b agreements c accepts d achievements 49 a place b put c store d hold 50 a spend b take c last d experience ... Madigan made an aerial survey in 192 9 He named the desert after Simpson, President of the South Australian Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia In 193 6, Colson and an Australian... largest one in Australia ……… The desert was named after Simpson in 192 9 ……… Colson and Madigan travelled across the Simpson Desert in 193 6 ……… There are more dunes in the western part of the desert... both human beings and machinery 39 Which sentence is true? a No one can survive in both hot and cold deserts b Modern technology makes deserts more hospitable c In the United States, all deserts