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Chapter 13 – Analyzing data and other information. In this chapter students will be able to: Describe methods of analyzing data, find limitations in poorly analyzed data, explain the steps in analyzing data, improve skill in separating important from unimportant facts, analyze information to make sense of it, determine significance in data.
Planning an Applied Research Project Chapter 13 – Analyzing Data and Other Information © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Learning Objectives » » » » Describe methods of analyzing data Find limitations in poorly analyzed data Explain the steps in analyzing data Improve skill in separating important from unimportant facts » Analyze information to make sense of it » Determine significance in data © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Key Terms » » » » » » » » » » Aggregate analysis Bar chart Causation Coding data Coding manual Coding schedule Cohort analysis Connection Correlation Cycle of coding © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved » » » » » » » » » » Data analysis spiral Deductive reasoning Dependent variable Frequency distribution Frequency table Histogram Imputed data Independent variable Inductive reasoning Interrater reliability Key Terms (cont’d) » » » » » » » » » » » Kurtosis Listwise deduction Mean Median Mode Pattern analysis Pie chart Significance Source document Standard deviation Unit of analysis © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Steps in Analyzing Information » » » » » » » Collect data Immerse yourself in the data Align data with original purpose Organize the data Identify relationships Review the data Interpret the information and place it in a larger context © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Collecting the Information » » » » » » » » Plan for what to collect Method of collecting information Coding the data collected Way to organized information once collected Reviewing for patterns Sorting information into categories Testing the categories on the data Drawing conclusions about the patterns © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Analyzing Statistical Data » » » » » » » Computing and examining the mean Calculating the median Computing the mode Determining the standard deviation Creating a frequency distribution Calculating a regression analysis Conducting an analysis of variance © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Analyzing Qualitative Data » » » » » » Use the data analysis spiral Immerse yourself in the data Develop categories for the data Apply the categories to the data Test their validity and usefulness Review the categories again © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Coding Data for Privacy » » » » » Protects individual information Improves objectivity Requires careful plan Demands a system for the codes Involves storage of original documents and copying coded documents » Is necessary for integrity of the study © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Organizing and Sorting Information » » » » » Immerse yourself in the data Develop categories Enter the categories into a software package Review the categories Prepare to look for patterns © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Methods of Examining for Patterns » Qualitative and quantitative pattern analysis ˃ Aggregate analysis ˃ Cohort analysis » Qualitative data analysis spiral » Statistical patterns ˃ Median, mean, mode ˃ Frequency distribution and standard distribution ˃ Correlation, regression analysis, and analysis of variance © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Uses of Aggregate Analysis » » » » » Provides an overall picture of the entire sample Uses only total responses from the questionnaires Contributes limited insight Can be completed quickly Shows large scale picture of the data set © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Uses of Cohort Analysis » » » » » » Provides detailed picture of various groups Uses demographic categories for the analysis Provides significant insights Takes multiple iterations to find useful analyses Incorporate internal and external analysis Suggests recommendations for segments of the sample © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Interrater Reliability » Measure of the similarity of responses among raters » Key to ensuring objectivity in interpreting information » Comparison of responses of judges and often training them to use similar criteria » Assurance of value and validity of the qualitative findings » Useful in analyzing interview transcripts and other data that is not numerical © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Considering How to Display Data » What is your purpose in the display? » What do you want to show? » What scale do you want to use for clarity of the image? » What do you want on the x axis? » What do you want on the y axis? » How will you title the chart? » What is the source of the data? © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Ways to Display Data » Charts ˃ Bar charts ˃ Pie chart » Tables ˃ Frequency tables » Graphs ˃ Histograms © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Types of Significance » Conceptual significance » Statistical significance » Connection » Correlation » Causation © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Review of Class Session » Anything unclear? » One thing that I was surprised to learn from this class is … © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved ... Computing and examining the mean Calculating the median Computing the mode Determining the standard deviation Creating a frequency distribution Calculating a regression analysis Conducting an analysis of variance...Learning Objectives » » » » Describe methods of analyzing data Find limitations in poorly analyzed data Explain the steps in analyzing data Improve skill in separating important from unimportant facts... Key to ensuring objectivity in interpreting information » Comparison of responses of judges and often training them to use similar criteria » Assurance of value and validity of the qualitative findings