Lecture Planning an applied research project in hospitality, tourism, and sports: Chapter 9 - Mayo

Chapter 9 – Validity, reliability, and credibility in research. In this chapter students will be able to: Explain what a scholarly article is, differentiate between CPR and LOAF elements of a scholarly articles, analyze the relative merits of various scholarly articles,...

Planning an  Applied Research  Project  Chapter 9 – Validity, Reliability, and  Credibility in Research © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Learning Objectives » Explain what a scholarly article is » Differentiate between CPR and LOAF elements of a  scholarly articles » Analyze the relative merits of various scholarly  articles » Use various search engines to find scholarly articles » Identify an area of research interest » Discriminate between scholarly articles and other  publications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Key Terms » » » » » » » » » Concurrent validity Convergent validity Construct validity Content validity Criterion validity Credibility Dependent variable Discriminant validity Equivalent form  reliability © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved » » » » » » » » External validity Face validity General validity Golem effect Independent variable Instrumentation Instrument validity Internal consistency  reliability Key Terms(cont’d) ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ Internal validity Intervening variable Inter­rater reliability Moderating variable Operational definition Predictive validity Pygmalion effect Reliability Testing Test­retest reliability © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Internal Credibility » Believability » Trustworthiness » Specificity © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Validity » » » » » » Content validity Face validity Construct validity Criterion validity Predictive validity  Discriminant validity   © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Variables » » » » » Independent variable Dependent variable Confounding (moderating) variable Intervening variable Operationalizing the variables © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Validity Internal » General validity » Instrumental validity © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved External » To what extent can  you apply the insights  to other situations? Internal Validity ˃ To what extent is your research design really  focused on the problem statement you have? ˃ Will you collect and analyze relevant and accurate  information? ˃ How can you be sure that your design answers your  research questions? ˃ What aspects of the design can you create to  ensure validity? © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Forms of Instrument Validity » » » » » » Content validity Construct validity Criterion validity Discriminant validity Face validity Predictive validity © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved External Validity » To what extent does the literature review place your expected  findings within a broader context? » Will you be able to generalize from what you find? » What limitations or qualifications will you have to make about  your results? » How can you extend your findings and suggest opportunities  for further research so that you protect its validity? » How does previous research help you interpret your results? » Does previous research provide a rationale for your research  design and suggestions about the applicability of your  findings? © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Threats to Validity » » » » » » Ambiguity History Instrumentation Mortality Maturation Testing © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Reliability » Types ˃ Equivalent form reliability ˃ Internal consistency reliability ˃ Inter­rater reliability ˃ Test­retest reliability © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Review of Class Session » Anything unclear? » One thing that I was amazed by in sampling is … © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved  ... To what extent is your research design really  focused on the problem statement you have? ˃ Will you collect and analyze relevant and accurate  information? ˃ How can you be sure that your design answers your  research questions?... Use various search engines to find scholarly articles » Identify an area of research interest » Discriminate between scholarly articles and other  publications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved... » Independent variable Dependent variable Confounding (moderating) variable Intervening variable Operationalizing the variables © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Validity Internal