Chapter 8 – Sampling issues in research. In this chapter students will be able to: Explain the reasons for sampling, distinguish between probability and non-probability sampling methods, select an appropriate sampling procedure, explain the types of sampling bias, avoid sampling bias in your research designs now and in the future.
Planning an Applied Research Project Chapter 8 – Sampling Issues in Research © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Learning Objectives » Explain the reasons for sampling » Distinguish between probability and nonprobability sampling methods » Select an appropriate sampling procedure » Explain the types of sampling bias » Avoid sampling bias in your research designs now and in the future © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Key Terms » » » » » » » » » » Acquiescence bias Analytic process errors Area sampling Auspices bias Cluster sampling Confidence level Convenience sampling Destructive sampling Double sampling Extremity bias © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved » » » » » » » » » » Intercept sampling Inference errors Internet sampling Interpretation errors Interviewer interaction bias Judgmental sampling Moderating variables Non–probability sampling Nonresponse bias Quota sampling Key Terms(cont’d) ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ Precision Probability sampling Purposive sampling Proportional stratified sampling Recording error Relevant sample Respondent bias Sample frame Sample selection process Sample size © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved » Simple random sampling » Snowball sampling » Social desirability bias » Stratified random sampling » Systemic bias » Systemic bias errors » Target sample Reasons for Sampling S Staff T Time E Efficiency A Accuracy M Money or Resources © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Strategies for Selecting a Sample » Probability sampling » Nonprobability sampling » Internet sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Probability Sampling Strategies » » » » » » Area sampling Custer sampling Double sampling Proportional stratified random sampling Simple random sampling Stratified random sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved NonProbability Sampling Strategies » » » » » » Convenience sampling Destructive sampling Intercept sampling Purposive or judgmental sampling Quota sampling Snowball sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Sources of Sample Bias » Three Forms of Bias ˃ Systemic bias ˃ Respondent bias ˃ Interviewer bias © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Systemic Bias » Analytic process errors » Moderating variables » Systemic bias © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Respondent Bias » » » » » Acquiescence bias Auspices bias Extremity bias Nonresponse bias Social desirability bias © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Interviewer Bias » » » » Inference errors Interviewer interaction bias Interpretation errors Recording errors © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Sample Size » Purpose of the research » Level of confidence needed » Extent of precision required or desired © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Review of Class Session » Anything unclear? » One thing that I learned from this class is … © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved ... Proportional stratified random sampling Simple random sampling Stratified random sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved NonProbability Sampling Strategies » » » » » » Convenience sampling... » » » » » » Intercept sampling Inference errors Internet sampling Interpretation errors Interviewer interaction bias Judgmental sampling Moderating variables Non–probability sampling Nonresponse bias...Learning Objectives » Explain the reasons for sampling » Distinguish between probability and nonprobability sampling methods » Select an appropriate sampling procedure » Explain the types of sampling bias