... O
2
affinity, K , can be derived for both
the a and b subunits from the averaged parameters of
HbA oxygenation (Table 1, Average). The association
and dissociation rate constants for the b subunits
are found ... after
photodissociation, d, is calculated as the ratio of the
quantum yield of BR, c, to that ofthe primary quan-
tum yield of photodissociation, c
0
.
Having the individual parameters of bimolecular
oxygenation ... NaCl.
Fig. 4. The parameters of O
2
binding to thea and b subunits within liganded hemoglobin as a function of NaCl concentration. Bars 1, 2 and
3 are the relative changes in the association (kÂ),...
... 22.8
ss
RG=≥
}
Equation (1) indicates that when the capacity ofthe system
is above 22.8 Ah, the system is reliable, though the capacity of
a battery is lower than 5700 mAh. Suppose the capacity ofthe
first ... reliability theory defines the power
system and the batteries are b
inary, but they are all multi-state
actually. The performance ofthe batteries can degrade, which
results in performance degradation ...
G
is the
capacity ofthe battery.
2
150
()
2
~ 6000,150GN
To analyze the reliability ofthe system by the traditional
system reliability theory, we must gain the reliability ofthe
battery...
... Restriction site
W11F WT W11F CA
CCATGGCTAGAAAATATTTTGTCGCAGCAAACTTCAAATGTAA NcoI
W168F WT W168F GAACCTTTATTCGCTATT
GGTACCGGTAAA KpnI
WT* W11F W11F ⁄ W168F GAACCTTTATTCGCTATT
GGTACCGGTAAA KpnI
Y74W* ... calibration standards provided by the manu-
facturer. Data processing was performed using the deconvo-
lution module ofthe data analysis software to detect the
multiple charge states and obtain ... maintaining the geometry of the
active site. The availability of crystal structures of
TIMs from 21 sources and the large database of TIM
sequences from various sources facilitate an analysis of
mutational...
... rough
comparison ofthe dissociation velocities indicated at
least a 10-fold faster liberation ofthe fluorescent ana-
logue when compared with Cbl. The CBC dissociation
spanned at least 90% ofthe total ... °C was incubated over time. Free ligands
were adsorbed on charcoal, and the absorbance spectra
were recorded. Concentration of appearing IF–CNCbl was
calculated by comparison with the standards ... respects. An alternative
explanation seems to be more probable. Thus, distor-
ted shape ofthe analogue causes partial corruption of
its bonds with IF. As a consequence, the ligand and
the protein...
... TCA TCA
TCA TCA TCA GGG CAC GAC ACA CAT CCC C; and
reverse primer, GAT CGG TAC CTC ATT ACA GAG
GAG GGA TAT GGG GAA C. The PCR reaction was
done as described above. The amplified PCR product was
inserted ... was amplified from genomic T. reesei DNA
with thefollowing primers: forward, GGG GAC AAG
TTT GTA CAA AAA AGC AGG CTA TCA TGC TGT TGT
CAG GTC CCT CTC G; and reverse, GGG GAC CAC
TTT GTA CAA GAA ... ⁄ TOF fragment ion analysis as well as
by Edman degradation ofthe corresponding peptide
after purification by reversed-phase chromatography.
During the search for and confirmation ofthe N-ter-
minus...
... purification.
Erythrocyte preparation
Blood for HA assay was prepared as described by
Ravindranath et al. [12].
Hemagglutination assay
Hemagglutination assays were performed in microtiter
plates (Falcon) as recommended ... of animal glycoconjugate. They act
as an important component ofthe ligands recognized by the
lectins. Recognition can be affected by specific structural
variations and modifications of sialic acids ... sialic
acid may change with transformation or other alteration in
the environment ofthe cell [63]. The normal human tissues
contain NeuAc, while malignant tumour cells contain
O-acetyl sialic acid...
... extra-
peroxisomal Aco1p.
As mentioned previously, malate synthase catalyses the
formation of malate from glyoxylate and acetyl-CoA, the
source ofthe latter being either peroxisomal when breaking
down ... (Fig. 4A) .
To examine whether a cytosolic malate synthase was as
efđcient as a peroxisomal one for m aintaining a functional
glyoxylate cycle on oleic acid, liquid growth assays were
conducted. The ... cytosolic
supernatant. Equal fractions of each ofthe protein prepa-
rations (10% of total vol) were i mmobilized on replicate
membranes to which were applied antibodies against Mls1p
or yeast peroxisomal...
... value almost 2.5-fold higher than
the native cold adapted enzyme (Table 1). The mutant
G26 1A/ Y26 9A exhibits an E
a
almost the same as in the case
ofthenativeenzyme(Table1).
Thermal inactivation ... and
overexpression ofthe gene encoding alkaline phosphatase
from the Antarctic strain TAB5 [16]. Based onthe crystal
structure (at 2.4 A
˚
)ofanEscherichia coli alkaline phospha-
tase variant ... with the aromatic ring of Tyr269, and these
unfavorable interactions could lead to a decrease of local
flexibility and an increased E
a
value.
The validity ofthe above interpretation was further
reinforced...
... DR2:
5Â-CCGTAAGGTCACAAGGTCACTCG-3Â,DR3:5Â-CCG
TAAGGTCACAGAGGTCACTCG-3Â, DR4: 5Â-CCGTAA
GGTCACAGGAGGTCACTCG-3Â, DR5: 5Â-CCGTAAGG
TCACCAGGAGGTCACTCG-3Â. PAL0: 5Â-CGCAAGGT
CATGACCTCG-3Â. One strand of each oligonucleotide was
annealed after ... [21]. A SmNR1 specific probe of 497 bp was
produced by PCR amplification with TOPO 2.1-SmNR1 as
a template (forward primer: 5Â-ATTTCAGAAGTTGAAC
AAACACAC-3Â, reverse primer: 5Â-AAGATGGTATT
GAAGATGATGGTTGA-3Â), ... gene in mammalian cells suggests that
SmNR1 ⁄ SmRXR1 can interact with mammalian coac-
tivators of transcription, and S. mansoni coactivators
of transcription may have a similar mechanism to
SmNR1...
... to
produce acyl-CoA onthe outer membrane of mitochondria.
Acyl-CoA is then transported into the matrix for
b-oxidation of acyl-group. Among the MACS family
proteins with the acyl-CoA synthetase activity, ... (5Â-GAATTCatgaaggttctcctccactg-3Â)
and rO-MACS-XhoI-D (5Â-CTCGAGtgcccgtccccactcctggt-3Â)
for o-macs; EcoRI-mMACS1-U (5Â-GAATTCatgcagtggc
tgaagagttt-3Â) and mMACS1-XbaI-D (5Â-TCTAGAtagct
gaccaaactccttg-3Â)forMACS1, ... Yoshihara, Y., Kawasaki, M., Tamada, A. , Fujita, H., Hayashi,
H., Kagamiyama, H. & Mori, K. (1997) OCAM: a new member of
the neural cell adhesion molecule family related to zone-to-zone
projection...
... than the susceptible
weevil strains. Surprisingly, the microsomal fraction of an
extract ofthe resistant insect D. melanogaster also displayed
a strong binding capacity.
The determination ofthe ... increasing
concentrations of
125
I-labelled PA1b (0.35–3.2 n
M
).
Table 2. Effect of proteinase K on the
125
I-labelled PA1b binding
activity onthe microsomal fraction of S. oryzae WAA42 extract.
Treatment
a
Binding ... post-translational cleavage of the
albumin proprotein PA1, also releasing a second peptide
(PA 1a) . PA1b consists of 37 amino acids, with six cysteines
involved in three disulfide bonds which confer the...
... corresponding
dissociation constants. In this equation, it was easier for a
calculated constant to compare its value relative to zero
rather than to obtain a large value. When the association
constant value was ... discrepancy was explained by the higher affinity
of acarbose for PPA as indicated by the lower dissociation
constant ofthe acarbose-PPA complex (1.7 l
M
)[24] .The
dissociation constant ofthe acarbose-AMY ... l
M
decreasing to 37.3 l
M
by addition of acar-
bose. A
0
is the AMY1 absorbance without acarbose, A is the
absorbance measured at the above acarbose concentrations.
(B) Reciprocal plot ofthe difference...