... BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization:
Contrast of effect of 24 hours oftreatment with FGF-2 or BMP-
2 on fold increase in abundance of mineralization-related gene
expression. Mineralizing ... visualized the mineralizing
cells with 2% Alizarin Red. After rinsing in distilled
water and air drying the samples, we mounted the cov-
erslips on microscope slides using Fluoromount and
examined and ... result in loss of
ambulation or limb. Here we describe the sequential roles of FGF-2 in inducing gene expression, cell growth and
BMP-2 in gene expression and mineralization of bone.
Materials and...
... Li
4
Abstract
Introduction: The difficulty in re-growing and mineralizing new bone after severe fracture can result in loss of
ambulation or limb. Here we describe the sequential roles of FGF-2 in inducing ... visualized the mineralizing
cells with 2% Alizarin Red. After rinsing in distilled
water and air drying the samples, we mounted the cov-
erslips on microscope slides using Fluoromount and
examined and ... BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization:
Contrast of effect of 24 hours oftreatment with FGF-2 or BMP-
2 on fold increase in abundance of mineralization-related gene
expression. Mineralizing...
... oxida-
tive stress. The observed increase of reducing species in
urine would mirror an increased level in blood originat-
ing from a response to oxidativestressinthe body mon-
itored by the urinary ... only 10% of urate is excreted inthe urine (the
remaining 90% being recirculated by the renal system
[3]), an increase of this antioxidantin blood will also
lead to an increase in urine. The fact ... H,
Savant Instruments Inc.). The final volume was deter-
mined by gravimetry, assuming that the entire methanol
was removed during the conc entration inthe SpeedVac
and that the d ensity ofthe remaining...
... only critical
for the stability ofthe dimer, it may also be involved in
maintaining the integrity ofthe active site. These results
clearly suggest that the dimer interface inthe Y74W*
mutant ... bond with the backbone CO of F102. Fur-
thermore, the orientation ofthe side chain ofthe two
residues brings the guanidinium plane andthe aro-
matic ring of F102 into close proximity, with ... elevated temperature and
inthe presence of denaturants [27].
Extending these studies, we examine here the effect
of increasing the bulk ofthe residue at position 74.
Surprisingly, the Y74W mutant...
... and/ or
compensatory hyperinsulinemia increase the availability
of both circulating androgen and androgen production
by the adrenal gland and ovary mainly by decreasing sex
hormone binding globulin (SHBG) [134].
Polycystic ... resulting in increased levels of
the SO an ion [209]. The mechan ism of placental NAD
(P)H activation is still unclear, but the above findings
may assist in elucidating theroleof OS inthe patho ... catalyzes
the formation of NO from O
2
and L -arginine using
NADPHasanelectrondonor[24]andarecomprisedof
the following isoforms: neuronal NOS (nNOS or N OS I),
inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS II), and endothelial...
... by the amount of internalized agonist
[20]. As the internalization is expressed in percentage
of total binding, decreasing the binding affinity of the
Roleof helix 8 and C-termini in bradykinin ... FEBS
Theroleof helix 8 andofthe cytosolic C-termini in
the internalization and signal transduction of B
1
and B
2
bradykinin receptors
Alexander Faussner
1
, Alexandra Bauer
1
, Irina Kalatskaya
1
, ... activation ofthe receptor, and
subsequently ofthe G protein, leads to a change in the
environment of helix 8 resulting inthe loss ofthe heli-
cal structure. Mutation of specific residues in their
model...
... near the flexible C terminus of SNase.
Changes inthe fluorescence intensity of W140 reflect
a change inthe surrounding hydrophobic environment
of the tryptophan and thus indicate a change in the
overall ... (DC
p
) and difference of
DC
p
of mutant from wild-type (%) were determined
and the results for the wild-type protein and 20
mutants are given in Table 1. The DH
cal
and T
m
of the
wild-type protein ... at a heating
rate of 1 Cặmin
)1
. The melting point (T
m
) was obtained
directly from the DSC curve. The enthalpy change (DH
cal
)
was calculated by the integration ofthe curve covering area
(T
m
was...
... Sentence stress organizes the words inthe sentence into logically connected
thought groups by joining the unstressed syllables to the main stressed
syllable inthe group and marking the end ofthe ... lose their stress. The most important words in
the sentence receive stronger stress. The last stressed word inthe sentence
receives the strongest stress with the help of falling or rising intonation. ... distinguish between four levels of stress: major
sentence stress, major word stress, minor word stressand unstressed.
Thus, inthe sentence: “I walked home inthe rainstorm”.
‗I‘, in , and...
... discoideum to oxidative
stress, and we now show the response of this organism to oxidative stress
andtheroleof PARP during development. We used hydroxylamine (HA)
to induce in situ generation of H
2
O
2
and ... development.
HA-induced oxidativestress activates PARP within
5 min (Fig. 4A,B), and its role during oxidative stress
is further confirmed by the use of low concentrations
of benzamide. Preincubation of cells ... H
2
O
2
and monitored the effect of
benzamide, a PARP inhibitor, on oxidative stress- induced changes in
D. discoideum development. Interestingly, oxidativestress resulted in PARP
activation within...
... fragmentation using mass
spectrometry, by incubating Grx2 in standard buffer
for 30 min or 2 h inthe presence of n-PT. After incu-
bation, standard Grx2 and fragments recovered by fil-
tering the incubation ... incubated without the RS or Grx2; Grx2-incubated, samples
incubated inthe presence ofthe RS plus Grx2 at the indicated
concentrations. Anti-FLAG, loading control performed as described
in Experimental ... (Grx1 and Grx2) and
five monothiolic glutaredoxins. These isoforms differ
in their location and response to oxidative stress,
among other factors [9,11,18–22]. Evidence indicates
that Grx2 is the...
... result
from the modifications inthe interactions between the
catalytic glutamates andthe residues R97 and Y331,
indicating that these residues play a roleinthe modulation
of the Sfbgly50 pH optimum.
Sequence ... m
M
Bicine buffer 7.0–8.5). The
pH stability of Sfbgly50 was checked by incubation in the
same buffers for a time equal to the assay time and then
determining the activity remaining at the optimum ... [10,12].
Nevertheless, it is not possible to assume that the same is
occurring inthe mutant R97M, because there is no data on
the interactions between the substrate andthe arginine
residue.
Finally, another...
... unsure ofthe mechanism
of DNA-induced stabilization ofthe protein, and whe-
ther it is related to the normal RNA-binding function
of coat protein, as RNA binding had no effect.
The increased ... understood, and we have investigated these
questions in this work. We sought to determine the
roleof protein–RNA and protein–protein interactions
in virus stability, measuring the effects of urea,
GdnHCl ... leaving behind an intact capsid.
The dlFG version of coat protein is dimeric and
therefore lacks both the protein–protein and protein–
nucleic acid interactions that normally occur within
the...
... analyzing the determinants of venture capital investment in the
United States between 1986 and 1998, they find that the likelihood of a ven-
ture capitalist investing in a given target declines ... of industrial clustering.
The organizations ofthe first economy, either because of their charter to do
research as inthe case of universities and R&D laboratories, or as a by-
product of ... A
number of compelling themes emerge from the chapters. First, the flow and
spillover of knowledge requires the interaction of multiple analytical units of
analysis, spanning the cognitive process of...
... people act in anticipation of
their actions inthe absence of ext ernally-a rising cues.
The formation and maintenance of internal models has
been studied in healthy individuals (reviewed in [17]),
but ... important step in understanding the
human-machine interface.
By manipulating feedforward and feedback uncertainty
we have shown that the seemingly trivial task of grasp-
ing and lifting objects ... (left) and second (right) phases of training. Subjects performed significantly worse inthe absence of either
source of feedback.
Saunders and Vijayakumar Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation...