... and market malfunctioning inthe crisis Inthe remainder of this section, I will explain these flaws, their origins and their effects, and indicate how they interacted inthe crisis 4.2 Excessive ... decline of the early 2000’s, the brunt of the burden was borne by final investors, either directly, or through the values of their holdings in pension funds and the like Inthe S&L crisis, the ... to investigate the creditworthiness of the borrowers before lending them money and originating the mortgage; after all, the risks of making a mistake in this decision would mainly hit the originating...
... proteins involved in retinoid-related metabolism (retinoic acid receptors, cellular binding proteins and oxidizing enzymes) have been mapped within theadult dopamine system [35] Intheadult brain, ... in brain tissue Regarding retinoid metabolism intheadult brain, enzymes other than ADH4 must be active, because in vivo and in vitro data indicate that adult brain tissue, in particularly the ... retinol to retinal, providing the first step on the way to retinoic acid [31] The brain must thus rely on the activity of other enzymes, for example ADH3 or other members of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase...
... using the 6F11 antibody (Novocastra, UK) and the data are in complete agreement with the Fisher study, showing staining only in epithelia of the efferent ductules [130] In another study using ... positive in all these species, except the cat, where ciliated cells show weak staining Bar = 25 µm was in staining that was observed inthe epithelium of the vas deferens, which was negative using ... the conclusion that estrogen was more important during development of the epididymis than inadult function [17] Estrogen binding in epididymal tissues has been noted in many species, including...
... directly on the FSH-induced FshR promoter activity as inthe case of inhibin-A [50], or might otherwise act indirectly by increasing FshR mRNA stability, as inthe case of IGF-I [51] The inhibition ... is likely abolished inthe external layers of mural granulosa cells, remaining only inthe internal layers of granulosa cells and in granulosa cells forming the cumulus inthe ovulatory follicle ... or 10 mg/kg/day were administrated for the first experiment and then mg/kg/day was administrated inthe following experiments since the three doses had the same impact on the expression of ovarian...
... primitive oocytes inthe ovarian surface epithelium of fetal ovaries, and might have been involved inthe manifestation of serous papillary adenocarcinoma in this patient They expressed the analyzed ... history of ovarian or other cancers are at the highest risk of having ovarian serous carcinoma, especially if their mother or sister had ovarian cancer Other risk factors include: increased age, use ... cells (arrows) inthe ovarian surface epithelium and cortex (A, B) Smaller cells with diameters of to μm inthe epithelium (C-F) Bigger cells with diameters of 10 μm inthe epithelium (G, H)...
... bypass grafting Origin of the CAVF can be any of the three major coronary arteries, including the left main trunk The majority of these fistulas arise from the right coronary arteries or the left ... depend on the shunt size In one of our case that was draining into the coronary sinus there was a notable dilatation inthe right coronary artery (Fig 2) The majority of theadult patients remain asymptomatic ... writing, reviewing and submitting the manuscript TT conceived of the study, participated in writing and submitting the manuscript MB participated in collecting the data and reviewing the manuscript...
... beginning point of measurement is the back extrapolated time zero [14,25] and the end-point at the beginning of the end-expiratory plateau In cases where the total exhalation time recorded by the ... exposures The Finnish FinEsS structured interview has been developed from the OLIN questionnaire [20,21] The study was conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics ... post-bronchodilation FET resulting in increase of FVC inthe absence of significant change in FEV6 The small arrows show subjects with significantly improved FEV6 inthe absence of increase in FVC, caused by...
... before the experiments in order to inhibit the synthesis of cyclo-oxygenase products Indomethacin was kept inthe solution throughout the experiment The rings were then contracted with norepinephrine ... participated inthe analysis of the data and inthe preparation of the manuscript VIP was involved inthe conception of the study, participated in its design and coordination, the analysis of the data ... time-by-group interaction as independent factors The estimates of the factors were adjusted by the effect of contraction to NE by including it inthe model The significance of the independent factors...
... increasing with excitement and decreasing with tranquility These rhythms occur mainly inthe posterior head and are the predominant brain activity inthe normal brain The beta rhythm occurs in ... administered mg intravenous midazolam during continuous EEG monitoring The frequency diminished quickly in about min, demonstrating the rapid clinical action of the short acting sedative The ... administered 100 mg intravenous fentanyl during continuous EEG monitoring The frequency quickly diminished in about min, demonstrating the rapid clinical action of the short-acting analgesic sedative...
... utilizing their individual expertise This book outlines the principles of dealing with such patients including the preferences of techniques and the hardware available The text is divided into ... Acquisitions: Gina Almond Development: Beckie Brand Set in 10/13 Palatino by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed and bound in Singapore by COS Printers Pte Ltd For further information ... trunk into the superior vena cava Right: A left azygous (hemiazygous) vein drains blood from the lower trunk into a left superior vena cava and from there into the right atrium via the coronary sinus...
... occasion, the cephalic vein may break during lead insertion If the two leads cause a very tight fit inthe vein, it may, as a consequence, invaginate the vein into the subclavian vein The torn ... sewing inthe valve, the lead can be positioned on the endocardial surface of the ventricle, using the approach just described via the atrium The sewing ring of the valve will then cover the ... vein retained guide wire technique Left: Two leads are passed along an intact cephalic vein Right: The cephalic vein is torn with pushing of the second lead into the subclavian vein The vein...
... retrograde towards the arm inthe axillary vein or up into the neck inthe internal jugular vein (Figure 7.4) Although this can usually be prevented by not peeling the introducer until the curved or ... advancement through the annuloplasty ring The broad stylet curve shown in Figure 7.2 was required There is a ball and cage mitral valve prosthesis (MVP) innominate vein toward the heart, but rather proceed ... lead in certain circumstances, but unsuitable in large chambers The advantage to the Locator® is that the curve can be created from the straight position without removing the stylet Inthe center,...
... outside the vein inthe pacemaker pocket has also been suggested The lead is secured to the tissues via the lead collar, using slowly absorbable suture material The lead can then be drawn into the intravascular ... Coronary sinus drains into left subclavian vein Univentricular heart Stenosis of the coronary sinus ostium Unroofed coronary sinus Wolff-Parkinson-White Coronary sinus diverticulum Interrupted inferior ... superior vena cava will result in marked difficulties in trying to achieve left ventricular pacing The incidence of this abnormality draining into the coronary sinus is about 3–5% of patients...
... ventricular lead passing inferior without a bend as if into the floor of the right atrium and fits nicely with the accompanying schematic Depending on its position inthe ventricle, the lead tip may ... L-transposition of the great vessels, the embryologic heart tube bends or loops to the left instead of the right, yet the great arteries develop normally This inverts all the structures derived from the bulboventricular ... part of the heart, which includes the atrioventricular valves, the ventricles and the proximal part of the great arteries; hence the terms levo or L-transposition and ventricular inversion The result...
... show the ventricular lead emerging from the coronary sinus looping inthe right atrium and then passing to the floor of the right ventricle The atrial lead (At) lies against the lateral wall of the ... to show the ventricular lead emerging from the coronary sinus, looping inthe large right atrium and passing through the tricuspid valve to the floor of the right ventricle (white arrow) The atrial ... direct drainage of the left superior vena cava into the left atrium In both instances, the pathology would not be relevant to theadult cardiologist Encountering a left superior vena cava during a...
... (RAO) showing dual chamber pacing in a patient with Ebstein’s anomaly The passive-fixation atrial lead lies inthe atrial appendage The passive-fixation right ventricular lead lies inthe atrialized ... pacing with a right bundle branch block appearance and the axis will depend on where the lead lies For instance, if the lead lies low inthe heart such as inthe middle or lateral cardiac vein, ... vein, then there will be a leftward axis similar to pacing from the cardiac apex (Figure 19.6) In this position, the lateral chest x-ray helps confirm the cardiac venous pacing by demonstrating the...
... operatively the coronary sinus may not drain directly into the right atrium The surgeon, in order to protect the conducting system may position the prosthetic tricuspid valve, so that the coronary sinus ... of the great vessels Two resting 12-lead ECGs of the single chamber pacing system shown in Figure 20.12 demonstrating left ventricular (LV) pacing The upper ECG shows unipolar pacing from the ... if there is evidence of sick sinus syndrome or atrioventricular block which may progress inthe future Another situation in Ebstein’s anomaly that may require cardiac pacing inthe future is the...
... to occur following the Fontan procedure in older children or young adults undergoing the surgery [63, 250] Because, there is no connection to the single ventricle, ventricular pacing cannot be ... portion of the single ventricle The two epimyocardial leads are on top of each other inthe PA view which has been highlighted with a box Inthe L Lat view, a black arrow points to the two epimyocardial ... pacing There is both sensing and pacing inthe atrium Ventricular pacing demonstrates a right bundle branch block configuration and a left axis deviation suggesting left ventricular pacing from the...
... tract, 103 innominate vein, internal jugular approach, limitation, interrupted inferior vena cava, 41 intra-atrial baffle, 40, 89, 91 repair, 41 introducers, funnel introducer, 6, second introducer, ... transposition of the great arteries J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982; 83: 20–26 219 Mond H, Kertes P, Hunt D et al Permanent pacing in children having transposition of the great vessels corrected by the Mustard ... 10: 351–357 132 References 249 Vince DJ, Tyers GFO, Kerr CR Transvenous atrial pacing inthe management of sick sinus syndrome following surgical treatment of the univentricular heart: Case report...
... of the 20 patients were suffering from right-ventricular dysfunction, in 12 of them (six inthe non-Rastelli group, six inthe Rastelli group) progressively, resulting in 10 patients (six inthe ... present further results with regard to long term survival of repair in CCTGA with the right ventricle inthesystemic circulation, in order to further contribute data in this challenging congenital ... four inthe Rastelli group) with moderate to severe failure In of these 14 patients (two inthe nonRastelli group and two inthe Rastelli group), there was mild right ventricular dysfunction In...