... http://genomebiology.com/2005/6/8/R72 Table Number of genes and transcripts of different types in the three mammalian genomes Type HSPD Gene* MMPD RNPD Transcript† Gene Transcript Gene Transcript RefSeq 17,354 22,425 16,329 ... overlapping the 5' end of any transcript in a gene are defined as 'transcript-supported promoters' Conservation in control sets Regions of 1,000 bp were randomly extracted from the genome of each ... orthologous gene triplets, which have 249 all-species promoter triplets Using ClustalW to randomly align selected kb sequences from human, mouse and rat genomes, we found that only 1% of the kb triplets...
... from Invitrogen) at 42 °C for 60 followed by an inactivation step at 70 °C for 15 As a control each sample was additionally treated without reverse transcriptase VRL-1 specific PCR To portray rat ... procedures Reverse transcription of rat brain, F-11 and N18TG2 total RNA Total RNA of rat brain, F-11 and N18TG2 cells was prepared using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the instruction of ... dithiothreitol (all reagents from Invitrogen) at 42 °C for 60 followed by an inactivation step at 70 °C for 15 As a control each sample was additionally treated without reverse transcriptase PCR was performed...
... in starch gel electrophoresis followed by ADH activity staining [11] In mice, ADH expression in the adult brains of 15 different inbred strains has been investigated by isoelectric focusing followed ... restriction of alcohol/retinol dehydrogenases along the mouse gastrointestinal epithelium Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21, 1484–1490 23 Zgombic-Knight, M., Foglio, M.H & Duester, G (1995) Genomic structure ... distribution of class III alcohol dehydrogenase in human brain Brain Res 852, 186–190 40 Kerr, J.T., Maxwell, D.S & Crabb, D.W (1989) Immunocytochemistry of alcohol dehydrogenase in the rat central...
... electrophoresis on 10% Tris/tricine gels Immunoblotting For analysis of PS1, NCT, PEN-2 and APH-1, membrane proteins were separated with reducing agent on Tris/glycine/ SDS or Tris/tricine/SDS polyacrylamide ... membranes (500 lg) were run on BN/PAGE, proteins electroeluted from the PS complex region, treated with reducing sample buffer and analysed on 10% Tris/tricine gels using mini Biorad apparatus PS1 NTF ... were electroeluted with BN/PAGE buffers, and samples were solubilized with 1.5% SDS, 2.3 M urea, 0.1 M dithiothreitol, 15 mM Tris/HCl pH 6.8 with heating at 50 °C for 15 before electrophoresis...
... in 55 cm2 petri dishes in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal calf serum pen/strep, ultraglutamine and 50 μg/ml ascorbate-2-phosphate and an appropriate concentration of dexamethasone ... are therefore subjected to much higher strains during activity, and these differences are reflected in differences in the matrix of the tendons [10] Matrix turnover (degradation of damaged collagen ... tissue engineered constructs Differing matrix properties between tendons have been well described For example Rumian et al [9] showed differences in collagen fibril diameter distribution, water content,...
... of cotton rat cells strongly reduces viral entry, and although additional intracellular obstructions may exist, entry appears to be the major feature responsible for the restricted viral replication ... receptor-like molecules (STRL33, GPR1, GPR15, V28, APJ) may participate in HIV-1 entry, but hCXCR4 and hCCR5 are the principal co-receptors for X4 (T-cell line-tropic) or R5 (macrophage-tropic) isolates, ... and HIV-1 co-receptors To demonstrate that cotton rat cells lack the strong transcriptional blockages for HIV-1 replication that other rodents have and that virus entry is the major hurdle for HIV-1...
... of cotton rat cells strongly reduces viral entry, and although additional intracellular obstructions may exist, entry appears to be the major feature responsible for the restricted viral replication ... receptor-like molecules (STRL33, GPR1, GPR15, V28, APJ) may participate in HIV-1 entry, but hCXCR4 and hCCR5 are the principal co-receptors for X4 (T-cell line-tropic) or R5 (macrophage-tropic) isolates, ... and HIV-1 co-receptors To demonstrate that cotton rat cells lack the strong transcriptional blockages for HIV-1 replication that other rodents have and that virus entry is the major hurdle for HIV-1...
... were removed in bloc, and the trachea, the extracellular bronchi and the first left intrapulmonary bronchus were dissected under binocular control For isometric contraction experiments, rings about ... Kelsen [12] have shown in isolated rabbit tracheal strips that ATP alone did not produce any contraction but rather induced relaxation on strips precontracted with acetylcholine, a mechanical ... were detached with a 0.5% trypsin-0.02% EDTA, resuspended and stored for h to attach on coverslips at 4°C before use Isometric contraction measurement Isometric contraction was measured in isolate...
... way to introduce enough HIV genome into rat T cells We co-electroporated pMaxGFP or pCDM-βgal to monitor the efficiency of electroporation When we electroporated pΔpol, which was constructed by ... was quantified using a p24 ELISA kit (Zeptometrix) In some cases, the viruses were concentrated by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 90 in a microcentrifuge and p24 was quantitatively recovered ... co-electroporated these expression plasmids with pΔpol Additionally, we co-transfected pH1-Luc, which expresses the luciferase gene driven by http://www.retrovirology.com/content/6/1/43 the HIV-1 LTR,...
... gene had to have an Entrez Gene entry with a GenBank accession number Text-based searches for the terms 'transcription factor' or 'homeobox' were used to identify Entrez Gene entries for further ... continuous improvement of the catalogued gene entries An issue tracking management system is integrated with the wiki to capture, queue, and track feedback contributions for fol- For many researchers, ... Unclassified structure 902 AF-4 protein family 1 999 Unclassified structure 903 DNA binding homeobox and different transcription factors (DDT) domain family 1 999 Unclassified structure 904 AT-hook...
... Int J Med Sci 2009, 134 aged This is particularly true with regards to T gondii, where the consequences of infection can be very severe, while the...
... premises entail the conclusion – need not have true premises or a true conclusion: though if it does have true premises, then its conclusion must also be true In more recent times, the theory of formal ... people who have not received a formal training in the subject? Indeed, how good are people who have 196 An introduction to the philosophy of mind received such a training – that is, how good are they ... what possible circumstances each of the premises would be true – that is to say, we construct certain ‘models’ of the premises Then, when we try to combine these models, we see that some of them...
... bladelets or bone points (Straus & Winegardner, 2000) 164 Neanderthals and Modern Humans Solutrean (Mode 4) The Solutrean in Iberia spans the period 20.5–16.5 kyr (Straus & Winegardner, 2000) ... emergence of Middle Palaeolithic 158 Neanderthals and Modern Humans Figure 7.3 Distribution of ‘transitional’ industries in relation to bioclimate C, Chatelperronian; U, Uluzzian; A, Altmuhlian; ... further away from the tropics improved through time Behavioural mechanisms evolved in the open tropical savannahs that pre-adapted populations for colonisation away from the tropics I predict therefore...
... metaphysics Traditional metaphysics had tried to assert things about non-sensible entities that transcended our experience Kant proposed something new: his new, “critical” philosophy would be a transcendental ... strict sense at all but structures of experience; and that such structures were, in an important but obscure sense, not found by us in experience, but were the results of our own active contribution ... add and subtract, to construct a geometrical figure or proof, or to be able to recognize and discriminate horses from other things (such as cows or boulders) But, of course, Kant also introduced...
... internal trade barriers amongst European nations might be damaging to American trade The other main ground for American opposition was the experience of German control of Europe: any power strong ... Agreement, adopted on 22 July 1944, Australian Treaty Series 1947 No 15 The International Monetary Fund Articles of Agreement, adopted on 22 July 1944, Australian Treaty Series 1947 No 11 Raymond F ... abstractly political on the Space Axis of the Space–Time Matrix The commandments of the human rights documents are directed primarily towards state governments They contemplate strong, central...
... including intramural 17 and extramural multidisciplinary activities; and 18 ‘‘(C) making recommendations to the Ad- 19 ministrator of the Health Resources and Serv- 20 ices Administration concerning ... activities, including intramural 16 and extramural multidisciplinary activities; and 17 ‘‘(C) making recommendations to the Di- 18 rector of the Centers for Disease Control and 19 Prevention concerning ... 17 rules, regulations, permits, agreements, grants, contracts, 18 certificates, licenses, registrations, privileges, and other 19 administrative actions— 20 ‘‘(1) which have been issued, made,...
... rainbow trout hepatocyte cultures (41) DIDP did not compete with tritiated estradiol for binding to the rat uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor and did not induce the transcription of estrogen ... USEPA, Research Triangle Park, NC Brown University, Providence, RI NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC University of Washington, Seattle, WA Chemical Industry Institute ... Research Triangle Park, NC Office of Toxic Substances/USEPA, Washington, DC Duke University, Durham, NC Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle...
... investigated as a single transgene using a number of different approaches Mouse model systems were based on transgenic techniques (transgenic mice, knock-in mice, inverter mice, translocator mice, ... mice, inverter mice, translocator mice, etc.) [16] or used retroviral gene transfer [17] Several laboratories have used retroviral transduction of murine hematopoietic stem cells to functionally ... be transcribed at lower levels compared with the transcriptional activity of the direct MLL fusion allele (R Marschalek, unpublished observation) Therefore, most investigators tend to analyze transcripts...
... Construct XII Construct XIII Construct XIV a (> 3000) (> 3000) (> 3000) NA cyaB1-WT Construct I Construct II Construct III Construct IV Construct V Construct VI Construct VII Construct VIII Construct ... cyaB1 AC in constructs I–III The nature of the chimeras is depicted in Table (A) Curves for construct I and II Note that construct I is stimulated by cGMP, whereas cAMP is inactive Construct II is ... background of construct III was sufficient to change cNMP specificity (Table 1, constructs VIII–XI) Corresponding assays demonstrated that this was the case (Table 1, Fig 3B) Properties of constructs VII...