... interconnects in digitalcircuits 153 Bibliography 155 vi SUMMARY With the increasing speed and density of digital integrated circuits (ICs), it has been found that digital devices ... may lead to complex EMI problems among digital circuits, which severely influence the performance of digitalcircuits Therefore, a stable and reliable digital device with limited electromagnetic ... necessary in the design cycle of digitalcircuits This thesis focuses on the modeling and measurement of electromagnetic radiated emission from interconnects in digitalcircuits Since the radiated...
... digitalcircuits is still based on an analog world This chapter provides the theoretical foundations for building digital logic circuits using logic gates, the basic building blocks for all digital ... on the use of truth tables Digital Logic and Microprocessor Design with VHDL Last updated 6/16/2004 5:24 PM Chapter − DigitalCircuits Page of 32 to describe digitalcircuits are given in the ... Chapter − DigitalCircuits Page of 32 Chapter DigitalCircuits Control Inputs Data Inputs Control unit '0' Datapath mux ff Nextstate...
... increased yields when the reaction is performed at high temperatures; (e) the reactions kinetics are faster at high temperatures; (f) enzymatic processing at temperatures near or above 100 °C minimizes ... and mesophilic proteins at room temperature and increases with temperature, so as to allow for enzymatic activity near 100 °C It is only upon achieving these high temperatures that sufficient molecular ... extremely high pressure [7] Recently discovered hyperthermophiles have been observed to grow at temperatures as high as 121 °C [8] Interestingly, hyperthermophilic microorganisms not grow below temperatures...
... Singha1,J.Electrochern SOC.,137 (1990) 2937-2941 20 HighTemperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications U B, Pal and S C Singhal, HighTemperature Science, 27 (1990) 251 C Bagger, ... Indeed, the heat is necessary to maintain the operating temperature of the cells The benefit of the SOFC over competing fuel cells is the higher temperature of the exhaust heat which makes its control ... available commercially for SOFC applications Higher conductivity can be obtained at higher dopant levels, but the expansion coefficient then becomes too high Lanthanum cobaltite is a much better...
... these, historically true, is that higher current density or higher magnetic field is more valuable than higher operating temperature Operating temperatures of 77 K or higher are preferable for all ... record to 133 K Under extremely high pressure,7 Tc can be pushed over 150 K As soon as one superconductor had reached a temperature above 77 K, the era of high- temperature superconductivity had ... operating temperature exceeds a certain value This temperature may be as low as 30 K for some materials and as high as 90 K for others.8 It is known from development of LTSC wires that high transport...
... operate SiC devices at temperatures as high as 500–600 C, while Si is generally limited to 125 C While the foregoing discussion highlights the advantage of SiC over Si for hightemperature applications, ... measurement of the phase shift signal, which exhibited higher noise levels at elevated temperatures as indicated by the larger error bars for higher temperatures in the graphical results that follow ... was modified as illustrated in Figure to allow resistance measurements from room temperature to 250 C (the highest temperature was limited to 250 C to ensure proper operation of the microphone)...
... powder by a self-propagating high- temperature synthesis technique Mater Lett 2004, 58:733-738 13 Khanra AK, Pathak LC, Mishra SK, Godkhindi MM: Self-propagating-hightemperature synthesis (SHS) ... nano-size ZrB2 powder by selfpropagating high- temperature synthesis J Eur Ceram Soc 2009, 29:1501-1506 15 Nersisyan HH, Lee JH, Won CW: Self-propagating high- temperature synthesis of nano-sized titanium ... combustion temperatures are quite low As another consequence of the high C concentration, the stoichiometry of these primitively formed TiCx particles in the Fe melt is relatively high Then,...
... arrays during the hightemperature anneals Figure shows the contents of oxygen and gold in the subsurface layers of Au/Si structures after 15-s RTA treatments at different temperatures for the ... threshold temperature of about 800°C Besides, a nonlinear increase in the oxygen contents in the subsurface layers was observed with the increase of RTA temperature (by a factor of for the temperature ... not observed at any rate up to the temperature of 950°C (see Figure 5) Instead, the individual intergrain boundaries often form joints 120°j for the mentioned temperatures, indicating a steadystate...
... the low temperature drying at 35oC, the mechanical strength of the rice kernels was higher at hightemperature drying (Table 2, Figure 8) This value was significantly higher at 90oC drying temperature ... occurrence of partial gelatinization of starch at hightemperature Some researchers suggested the need for tempering the grain for 25-30 minutes if hightemperature drying is used (Poomsa-ad et al ... feasibility of hightemperature fluidized bed drying of high moisture content Vietnamese rice varieties (two rice varieties were considered in this study) To study the optimum drying temperature...
... modulation as a function of temperature, we extracted the channel cross-section profiles containing the on- and off-current density distribution at different temperatures the room temperature value Such ... This variation of the current level or mobility can make the device difficult to use in high- temperature or temperature- variable ambient applications To overcome such a thermal problem, which may ... room temperature up to 150°C; (1) A suitable positive bias VSUB is applied to realize this constant level operation, by enhancing the current level at elevated temperatures to the room temperature...
... nucleated within the c-Fe(B) phase with decreases of the temperature [25] The eutectoid transformation undergoes a similar process at 912 °C As the temperature, is decreased the B solid solution degree ... is associated with the solid solution transform temperature Tss detected at 1135 °C in the solid state, and the second one with the eutectic melt temperature at 1150 °C On further heating Fe2B ... yield strength is far higher than the reported 580 MPa of the coarse crystalline Fe83B17 alloy prepared by the traditional technique, and the plasticity strain retains a high value at the same...
... 1,700 lm2) at 10 °C High- temperature operation up to 65 °C was successfully demonstrated from an unbonded GaInNAs QD laser (50 · 1,060 lm2), with high T0 of 79.4 K in the temperature range of ... considerable interest in GaInNAs materials grown on GaAs substrate for realizing lowcost, high- performance and high- temperature laser diodes in the 1.3 lm and 1.55 lm wavelength region So far, GaInNAs ... height Moreover, for GaInNAs of high In composition, high- density dots can be formed at relatively lower surface coverage Besides smaller critical thickness in GaInNAs at high In composition, another...
... these results are observed at a substrate temperature of 550 °C which is significantly higher than previously reported dropletrelated experiments (growth temperatures of 200 °C or lower) [4–6] Traditional ... epitaxy has used low temperatures in an effort to directly crystallize the Ga droplets into GaAs without material redistribution On the other hand, in our approach we used high- temperature to encourage ... shaped nanostructures ranging from Figs to In contrast to the normal droplet epitaxy at low temperatures, high- temperature droplet epitaxy is 123 60 Nanoscale Res Lett (2006) 1:57–61 Fig AFM image...
... analog, output analog c Sense the analog, convert to digital, compute digitally, output digitally d Sense digitally, compute digitally, output digitally Analog quantities: a vary smoothly, then ... basic digital- to-analog function The digital processing system outputs digital information in the form of digital codes, and as shown, the digital codes are usually presented to the input of the digital- to-analog ... indicated in Figure 1-7, and the need for analog circuits, digitalcircuits and the conversion circuits between them is immediately apparent Input could be a temperature, pressure, air flow, linear motion,...
... experimental results Phonon Spectra of HighTemperature Superconductor 54 An attempt has been made in this paper to study phonon frequencies in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 hightemperature superconductor in the ... the high Tc superconductors have been performed for mainly two purposes The first was to calculate the electron-phonon interaction and its influence on the increased transition temperature for high ... vibrations have been carried out for the hightemperature superconductors and the assignment of specific modes are looked into for the clear understanding of the superconducting mechanism This is not...
... Helicoids 39 Total Combination of Structural Peculiarities of High- temperature Deformation 40 Summary 41 Physical Mechanism of Strain at High Temperatures Physical Model and Theory 43 Velocity of Dislocations ... Properties 111 Deformation at Lower Temperatures 116 Deformation at Higher Temperatures 124 On the Composition of Superalloys 129 Rafting 130 Effect of Composition and Temperature on γ/γ Misfit Other ... at high temperatures and is also of great interest for materials science research and practical applications Mechanical tests were historically the first method of investigating the high- temperature...
... metal or an alloy is studied at a range of high temperatures as well as at room temperature From formulas for the intensities of scattered X-rays at two temperatures one can obtain an expression ... determined by the X-ray method at high temperatures Pure metals, solid solutions and nickel-based superalloys have been studied 25 Structural Parameters in High- Temperature Deformed Metals 3.1 ... reflection during high- temperature strain Copper tested at 610K under stress 14.7MPa (a) Before loading, (b) the end of the primary stage, the integral intensity has increased HighTemperature Strain...
... external conditions (temperature and stress) The substructure formation during high- temperature strain in vanadium is shown in Figs 3.6 and 3.7 The data are obtained at the same temperature 0.6 Tm ... = 17.3MPa; ×39 000 39 40 Structural Parameters in High- Temperature Deformed Metals 3.7 Total Combination of Structural Peculiarities of High- temperature Deformation The structural peculiarities ... 3.4 and 3.5 27 28 Structural Parameters in High- Temperature Deformed Metals Fig 3.5 Structural parameters versus time and creep curve for copper Tests at temperature T = 610K (0.45 Tm ); σ = 29.4...