... Polit
`
ecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
2
Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary in Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
3
Centre Tecnol
`
ogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC),
Parc ... article is that ofa data fusion
center in charge of tracking the position of the robot accounting for the measured ranges. Initial
position ambiguity was modeled with a Gaussian random variable ... probabilistic data associ-
ation. Automatica 11, 451–460 (1975)
[13] Y Bar-Shalom, TE Fortmann, Tracking and Data Association (Academic Press, Orlando,
1988)
[14] DB Reid, An algorithm for tracking...
... type ofdenialofservice
planned, the attacker needs to find a large number of vulnerable machines to use for
attacking. This can be done ina completely automated manner, semi-automatically, ... methods of causing adenialofservice that attacker prefer to use:
2.2.1 Attacking a Protocol:
An ideal example of protocol attacks is a TCP SYN flood attack. A TCP session starts with
negotiation ... research problem
2.1 Definition of Dos attack [1]
A denial- of- service attack is different in goal, form, and effect than most of the attacks that
are launched at networks and computers. Most attackers...
... Sweden with a
mean age of 51.4 (13.5) years were enrolled at 35 sites.
The baseline characteristics and clinical information for
patients with data from both a baseline and subsequent
visit are provided ... evidence of the amenability to trans-
lation. Analysis revealed that, regardless of language, all
but one of the alpha coefficients for the scales of heart-
burn, regurgitation, dyspepsia and GERD ... moderate,
and 3 = severe.
Translation and cultural adaptation
The RDQ was translated into Norwegian and Swedish
according to international principles [10]. The translators
met with members of the...
... by
having the paths determination using routing algorithms
and packets transportation implemented using a packet
forwarding algorithm. In both fixed and wireless networks,
the paths determination ... traveled as routing parameters. It is also based on a
retransmission control mechanism to avoid intensive usage
of the shortest path. Assuming sources transmitting data
packets at a constant rate, ... a
many-to-one model with a number ofsensor nodes scattered
into a target observation area with objective of collecting and
routing data to the end users via a single sink node also
called base...
... location
information of sensors also helps facilitate WSN opera-
tion such a s routing to a geographic field of interests,
measuring quality of coverage, and achieving traffic load
balance. In ... Spatial information is crucial for sensor
data to be interpreted meaningfully in many domains
such as environmental monitoring, smart building fail-
ure detection, and military target tracking. ... Chuan Heng Foh
3*
and Yanchao Niu
1
Abstract
In wirelesssensornetworks (WSNs), location information plays an imp ortant role in many fundamental services
which includes geographic routing, target...
... notations that are used to write algorithms
in the remaining of the paper. Each sensor node i, including
the base station, maintains the following variables.
(i) Father
i
: the father of the sensor ... have opened the way for a
multitude of research areas and the huge interest generated
by researchers activities calls for broad fields of applications
in the near future.
Sensors appear as miniaturized ... constraints
in computing capacity, storage, and energy, have to play an
essential role in quasi all domains of human environment.
They are primarily dedicated to collect data from physical
phenomena...
... from infrastructure.
Locations of normal sensor nodes are then estimated by
interacting with locators to obtain the distance or angle
information. Once the location information of at least three
noncollinear ... d
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(2)
3.3. Attack Model. In this paper, we consider an adversarial
WSN where a pair of colluding attackers can launch a so-
called distance-consistent spoofing attack .In[ 9], the attacker
can only ... Communications Maga-
zine, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 102–105, 2002.
[2] P. Bahl and V. N. Padmanabhan, “RADAR: an in- building RF-
based user location and tracking system,” in Proceedings of
the 19th Annual...
... load in terms of the number of
nodes that are contending for the access medium. Another
approach is to consider total arrival packet rate to the
networkasanoffered load. The main parameters for ... classified into two
categories: complete and incomplete information games.
In the complete information game, each player has all
the knowledge about others’ characteristics, strategy spaces,
payoff ... functions, and so forth, but all these information are
not necessarily available in incomplete information game
[13].
2.1. Incomplete Cooperative Game. As we mentioned earlier,
energy efficiency of MAC...
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coefficients in
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∗1024 ... decomposition. As a result,
each coefficient in the coarser scale represents a larger spatial
area of the image but a narrower band of frequency [6].
The two approaches that are used to perform the DWT
are...
...
networks or acts as a data storage processing data ina powerful way [3]. It even acts as an
access point to human interface for human interaction, and is capable of broadcasting control
data in the ... keys and
WSN
Subversion
of a node
Passive
information
gathering
Sybil attacks
Sinkhole
attacks
wormhole
attacks
False node
and
malicious
data
International Journal of Computer Science & ... they offer
mechanisms for authenticating both: broadcasting ofa base station and source packets, as well
as mechanisms providing key revocation and refreshing. Other advantages LEAP presents a...