4conflicts in medical research

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 1 pptx

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 1 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... incidence However, changes in the incidence of clinical AIDS are largely determined by the trends in the incidence of earlier events, namely the original HIV infections The timing of an HIV infection ... behind them Even the more advanced methods described in this edition are being extensively used in medical research and they find their way into the reports subsequently published in the medical ... now being introduced into the analysis of medical research data We have tried to maintain the modest level of mathematical exposition which characterized earlier editions, essentially confining...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 2 ppt

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 2 ppt

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... allow 5% in one direction and zero in the other, the latter being achieved by an infinitely long interval in that direction It is customary to use symmetric intervals unless otherwise stated In the ... intervals will include m, whilst in  5% x will be more than 1Á96 standard errors away from m (as in the fourth sample in Fig 4.6) and the interval will not include m Example 4.1, continued In ... value in modelling certain symmetric frequency distributions or as an approximation to the binomial and Poisson distributions We shall note in §4.2 a central role in describing the sampling distribution...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 3 ppsx

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 3 ppsx

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... to variance between individuals, and this may be achieved by increasing n In some studies of medical interventions, subjects are selected by preliminary screening tests as having high values of ... instance, the remaining part of the distribution may be assumed to be normal over an infinite range, or it may be distributed in some other way, perhaps over a finite range We shall not examine ... numbers falling within the range of x used in Fig 7.4, we find x 80 100 140 Y 98Á73 81Á44 46Á87 The regression line is now drawn through the three points with these coordinates and is shown in Fig...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 4 pps

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 4 pps

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... factor, A could be tested against AD, AB against ABD The justification for this follows by interpreting the interaction terms involving D in the model like (9.7) as independent observations on ... handle ties provides an interesting link with some tests for contingency tables described elsewhere in this book In Example 15.1, for instance, illustrating the test for a trend in proportions, we ... in this section have found little use in medical research, examples of their application being drawn usually from industrial and agricultural research This contrast is perhaps partly due to inadequate...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 5 pptx

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 5 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... but inclusion of this point reduces the slope of the fitted line to two-thirds of its value; the additional point is influential in determining the regression In Fig 11.10(d), the additional point ... again influential in changing the regression but also appears to be an outlier with respect to the regression through the other nine points Finally, in Fig 11.10(e), the extra point is within ... vary from point to point A point that is distant from the other points in terms of the x values is especially important in fixing the regression line since relatively large changes in the position...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 6 pps

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 6 pps

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... 12.6 Longitudinal data In many medical studies there is interest not only in observing a variable at a given instant but in seeing how it changes over time This could be because the investigator ... definition There is considerable merit in viewing the process as estimating random effects rather than as an exercise in extending the definition of a residual in non-hierarchical models Indeed, ... h post-administration In many studies in the medical literature the reasons behind the timing of observations are seldom discussed, and it may be that this aspect of research involving the collection...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 7 ppsx

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 7 ppsx

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... classification into categories, according to the types of variable described in §2.3 Nominal variables, in which no ordering is implied Ordinal variables, in which the categories assume a natural ordering ... model including all the main effects is 13Á59 with 11 DF, and this represents the 11 interactions not included in the model Taking the deviance as a x2 , there is no evidence that the interactions ... of individuals and a model containing all main effects and all interactions would fit the data perfectly Thus by definition it would have a deviance of zero and serves as the reference point in...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 8 docx

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 8 docx

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... assessing the effect of adding a covariate, detecting non-linearity or influential points in Cox's proportional-hazards model Aitkin and Clayton (1980) give an example of residual plotting to ... term blinding is often used, but is perhaps less appropriate, if only because of the ambiguity caused in trials for conditions involving visual defects.) In a single-masked (or single-blind) trial, ... termination Sequential analysis provides methods for analysing data in which the decision whether to terminate at any point depends on the data obtained It was originally developed in pioneering...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 9 pptx

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 9 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... the incidences in the groups being compared and is referred to as relative risk (f) Thus, f ˆ IE =INE , …19:13† 672 Statistical methods in epidemiology where IE and INE are the incidence rates in ... and, as in §19.5, IE and INE are the incidences in the exposed and non-exposed, respectively Then the excess incidence attributable to the factor is IP À INE and dividing by the population incidence ... the case and control groups were in their reported smoking habits Some of the findings are summarized in Table 19.3 The difference in the proportion of non-smokers in the two groups is clearly significant,...
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Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 10 docx

Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 10 docx

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 15:20
... Epidemiology in Medicine Little, Brown, Boston Hill A.B (1962) Statistical Methods in Clinical and Preventive Medicine Livingstone, Edinburgh Hill A.B and Hill I.D (1991) Bradford Hill's Principles of Medical ... (1987) Interim analyses in randomized clinical trials: ramifications and guidelines for practitioners Biometrics 43, 213±223 Gelman A (1996) Inference and monitoring convergence In Markov Chain Monte ... computing machine J Chem Phys 21, 1087±1091 Miettinen O and Nurminen M (1985) Comparative analysis of two rates Stat Med 4, 213±226 Miettinen O.S (1969) Individual matching with multiple controls in...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article Design of a Versatile and Low Cost μVolt Level A to D Conversion System for Use in Medical Instrumentation Applicatio" pdf

Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article Design of a Versatile and Low Cost μVolt Level A to D Conversion System for Use in Medical Instrumentation Applicatio" pdf

Ngày tải lên : 22/06/2014, 01:20
... limiting factor for the resolution of the instrument The following tests demonstrate that with the benefit of the time averaging feature inherent in this design, and utilising a conservative gain ... prototype instrument incorporating this method of signal capture and processing has been found to be particularly effective in providing direct readout of high intensity photon beams generated by clinical ... drift in the DC bias level arising from the buffer stage would be additive and indistinguishable from the wanted input signal A UDT PIN 5DPI precision photodiode was used as a sensor during these...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Medical post-traumatic stress disorder: catching up with the cutting edge in stress research" ppt

Báo cáo khoa học: "Medical post-traumatic stress disorder: catching up with the cutting edge in stress research" ppt

Ngày tải lên : 13/08/2014, 03:20
... advances in brain imaging or non-invasive measures of brain injury or inflammation embedded in longitudinal studies with high follow-up rates; in our opinion, that is where medical PTSD research needs ... stress researchers in developing testable causal models Finally, where we predict that the most fruitful areas of medical PTSD research lie? We predict that they are in the brain [12] Exciting advances ... 87% Certainly, continuous measures are more suitable for regression modeling, which was done in both papers, but interpretation may be more difficult than other continuous variables For instance,...
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Báo cáo y học: " Regional coordination in medical emergencies and major incidents; plan, execute and teach"

Báo cáo y học: " Regional coordination in medical emergencies and major incidents; plan, execute and teach"

Ngày tải lên : 25/10/2012, 09:56
... responsibility for staff training by conducting disaster and disaster-related courses and training The involvement of the same people in both planning for emergencies and disasters, training the staff for ... casualties, most of them teenagers The following investigation revealed certain short-comings regarding the medical response, recognizing the need of a regional point of contact ("POC") and command and ... officer (RTiB) (RN, specialized in emergency care combined with further training in disaster medicine as well as in depth knowledge about the available regional medical resources) and a back-up...
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Báo cáo y học: "A prospective observational study of the relationship of critical illness associated hyperglycaemia in medical ICU patients and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes"

Báo cáo y học: "A prospective observational study of the relationship of critical illness associated hyperglycaemia in medical ICU patients and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes"

Ngày tải lên : 25/10/2012, 10:02
... pre-existing increased insulin resistance and dysfunction of beta cells Insulin resistance is present in the acutely ill [13,15,18,28] in different intensity, but the factors determining the extent ... Mediators of cytokine-induced insulin resistance in obesity and other inflammatory settings Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2002, 5:377-383 15 Marik PE, Raghavan M: Stress-hyperglycemia, insulin and immunomodulation ... and immunomodulation in sepsis Intensive Care Med 2004, 30:748-756 16 Aljada A, Ghanim H, Assian E, Dandona P: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits insulin-induced increase in endothelial nitric...
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Báo cáo y học: " Non-invasive stroke volume measurement and passive leg raising predict volume responsiveness in medical ICU patients: an observational cohort study"

Báo cáo y học: " Non-invasive stroke volume measurement and passive leg raising predict volume responsiveness in medical ICU patients: an observational cohort study"

Ngày tải lên : 25/10/2012, 10:06
... ventilator as well as changes in cardiac index during PLR were examined An increase in cardiac index of 10% or more during PLR predicted an increase in cardiac index following VE of 15% or more with ... Australas 2005, 17:193-199 Boulain T, Achard JM, Teboul JL, Richard C, Perrotin D, Ginies G: Changes in BP induced by passive leg raising predict response to fluid loading in critically ill patients ... arterial line in place, and found that the change in pulse pressure and SV were significantly correlated both during PLR and following VE [30] Lafanechère and colleagues examined 22 intubated...
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Báo cáo y học: "The epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in medical-surgical intensive care unit"

Báo cáo y học: "The epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in medical-surgical intensive care unit"

Ngày tải lên : 25/10/2012, 10:31
... clinical data were obtained using the regional ICU patient data warehouse Data sources include an electronic patient information system (Quantitative Sentinel; GE-Marquette Medical Systems Inc, ... mortality rates in patients presenting with hypernatraemia than in those acquiring the disorder (43% versus 39%) [12] Similarly, in a retrospective five-year review of a medical ICU in France, Bennani ... in the CHR are managed in ICUs under the care of the Department of Critical Care Medicine These ICUs are closed units, staffed by fully trained intensivists and currently include one 24-bed medical- surgical...
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Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: Treatment of new-onset atrial fibrillation in medical intensive care patients – a clinical framework"

Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: Treatment of new-onset atrial fibrillation in medical intensive care patients – a clinical framework"

Ngày tải lên : 25/10/2012, 10:35
... on stroke incidence There are insufficient data in medical ICU patients, but in CTS patients it is clear that the stroke incidence is increased in patients with AF Besides AF, a proinflammatory ... understanding of AF in critically ill patients Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests References Pinski SL: Atrial fibrillation in the surgical intensive ... 32:890-891 Reinelt P, Karth GD, Geppert A, Heinz G: Incidence and type of cardiac arrhythmias in critically ill patients: a single center experience in a medical cardiological ICU Intensive Care...
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Báo cáo y học: "Randomized trial comparing daily interruption of sedation and nursing-implemented sedation algorithm in medical intensive care unit patients"

Báo cáo y học: "Randomized trial comparing daily interruption of sedation and nursing-implemented sedation algorithm in medical intensive care unit patients"

Ngày tải lên : 25/10/2012, 10:35
... medications discontinued in the ABC trial, thereby resulting in a blunted stress response during sedation interruption and minimizing the symptoms of withdrawal during sedation interruption [32] ... (Table 3) Sedation interruption In the DIS group, assessments were made for sedation interruption on 173 occasions In 92% of the cases, patients were receiving continuous infusions; in 4% of the cases, ... withdrawn; in cases, this was at the recommendation of the medical team and in case at the request of the patient's next of kin Discussion The main findings from our study are the following: compared...
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Tài liệu DIGITAL LIBRARIES – A CHALLENGE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ppt

Tài liệu DIGITAL LIBRARIES – A CHALLENGE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ppt

Ngày tải lên : 24/01/2014, 00:20
... divided into two main domains – the researcher´s domain and the librarians domain The main difference is that while librarians focus on service and sees the digital library as an institution the researcher ... Library” is used in articles for the first time in the early 1990s Since then research and practice in digital libraries has become standard Plenty research funding, especially in the United States ... access the information But through the 1990s definitions of digital libraries have broadened in scope even if there are no definitive one Trying to summarise definitions given by Research initiatives,...
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  1. Công Nghệ Thông Tin
  2. Tin học văn phòng
Tài liệu COMPETENCY-BASED CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN MEDICAL EDUCATION ppt

Tài liệu COMPETENCY-BASED CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN MEDICAL EDUCATION ppt

Ngày tải lên : 14/02/2014, 09:20
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