Tư tưởng hồ chí minh về quan hệ dân tộc và giai cấp trong cách mạng việt nam giai đoạn 1920 1945

X f\ DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI • • • TRl/dNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN NGUYEN DirC HOA , A> A> TUTUONG HO CHI MINH VE QUAN HE • DAN TOG VA GIAI CAP TRONG CACH • MANG VIET NAM GIAI OGAN 1920- 1945 LUAN VAN THAC SI TRIET HOC huyen nganh: CNDVBC VA M a so CNDVLS : 5.01.02 Gido vien hmng dan: TS Nguyen Anh Tuan OAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOl TRUNG TAM THQNG TIN THlf VIEN y^^LL/J^i V y\ HA NOI 2006 LCII CAM DO AN Toi xin cam doan cong trinh la toi thuc hien dirai su hirang d^n khoa hoc cua TS Nguyen Anh Tuan Nhung so lieu, cur lieu dirac trich dan luan van la co nguon goc, xuat xii ro rang Hoc vien Nguyen Due Hoa MUC LUC Trang M6DAU CHUGNG 1: CAC TIEN DE HINH THANH TUTUONG HO CHI MINH VE MOI QUAN HE DAN TOC VA GIAI CAP 1.1 Quan diem Mac- Lenin ve quan he dan toe va giai cap 7.7./ Quan diem cua Mac va Angghen ve quan he dan toe va giai cap 7.7.2 Quan diem cua Lenin ve quan he dan toe va giai cap 21 l.l.Truyen thong dan toe va tinh hinh Viet Nam dau the ky XX 31 7.2.7 Truyen thong yeu nuac, dodn ket dan toe cua nhdn dan Viet Nam 31 ],2.2, Xd hoi Viet Nam duai dch thong tri cua thi(c dan Phdp va cdc phong trdo yeu nucrc cuoi the ky XIX, ddu thekyXX 1.3 39 Qua trlnh Ho Chi Minh tiep can quan diem dan toe va giai cap cua chu nghia Mac- Lenin 44 Ket luan chuong 50 CHUONG 2: NOI DUNG CO BAN CUA TUTUONG HO CHI MINH VE QUAN HE DAN TOC vA GIAI CAP TRONG CACH MANG VIETNAM 52 2.L Moi quan he giua dan toe va giai cap each mang Viet Nam theo tutuongHo Chi Minh 52 2.7.7 Cdch mgng Viet Namphdi di theo du'cyng each mgng v6 sdn, doc lap dan toe gdn lien vai chu nglua xd hoi, giai quyet van de dan toe tren lap trU(yng giai cap cong nhdn 52 2.7.2 Dgt yeu to dan toe len hang ddu, coi lai ich dan toe 58 2.1.3, Nhdn dan cdc nude thuoc dia chu dong dung len ti(giai phong 76 2.2 Mot so van de van dung tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve moi quan he dan toe va giai cap vao sir nghiep xay dung dat nuoe ta hien nav 80 2.2.7 Tinh hinh quae tevd nud'c hien 80 2,2.2 Van dung tutudng Ho Chi Minh ve quan he dan toe vd giai cap vdo sU nghiep xdy dung dat nude hien nav 85 Ket luan chirang 92 KET LUAN 93 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 97 MO DAU Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai Moi quan he giua dan toe va giai cap la met nhung moi quan he ca ban va phiic tap lich sir cung nhii the giai dirang dai Nhiing nam qua quan he dan toe a cac nucfc tren the gi6i tra nen phurc tap va nong bong hon, va thadng bi cac the lire de quoc lai dung Nhirng diem nong vi xung dot sdc toe didn a nhi6u nai anh hirong Ion tdi doc lap dan toe va chii quy6n quoc gia nhu a Xomali, Ruanda, Burundi, Apganixtan, Xrilanca, xung dot giOa Palextin va Ixraen Tmh hinh xung dot dan toe cung rat nghiem nhir a NagomuiKarabac (Acmenia), Trexnia (Nga), Grudia, Tatgikixtan, Cirragaxtan, Boxnia va Hecxegovina, Maxedonia (xem them: [4, 16]) Tmh hinh cung dang anh hirong tai nir6c ta Dan toe dang la van de noi corn a nhi^u nai tren the gi6i, ma chinh sach dan toe c6 quan he chat che v6i van d^ giai cap "Chinh sach dung dan van de dan toe phan Ion phu thuoc vao sir hieu biet moi tuang quan giua cac lai ich giai cap va dan toe"[27, 1] Cach day tron 60 nam, nhan dan ta da dung len lam cuoc Cach mang thang Tam VI dai nam 1945 Day la mot sir kien lich sir v6 cung dai, c6 tarn anh huong rong I6n Thanh cong ciia cuoc each mang da dira nirdc ta tir mot nirac thuoc dia mot nu6c doc lap, dira nhan dan ta tir ngirai no le ngirai tir do, lam chii dat nirac Mot nhung nguyen nhan dSn den thang lai ciia each mang thang Tam la Dang cong san Viet Nam c6 duong loi dung dan giuong cao ngon ca doc lap dan toe gan Win v6'\ chu nghia xa hoi, da gia^ quyet cong van de dan toe va van de giai cap Ngudi dat n6n mong cho cong la Ho Chi Minh Tu bien chung ciia Ho Chi Minh ve moi quan he giira dan toe va giai cap la mot nhung nhan to lam nen thang lai ciia each mang Viet Nam, mot nhung dong gop xuat sSc vao ly luan each mang ciia chii nghia Mac-Lenin Dang ta khang dinh: "Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh soi duang cho cuoc dau tranh ciia nhan dan ta gianh thang lai, la tai san tinh than to Ian cua Dang va dan toe ta"[ 17, 84] Sir nghiep doi mai toan dien dat nuac Dang khai xucifng va lanh dao da dat duac nhung tuu quan trong, kinh te tang truong kha, dai song nhan dan mot nang cao Ben canh do, viec phat trien kinh te thi truang dinh huang xa hoi chii nghia, thuc hien da dang hoa quan he sa huu da lam bien doi ca cau giai cap - xa hoi of nuac ta, tao su khong thuan nhat xung dot cac lai ich trai nguac Them vao hien cac the lire thii dich dang tim moi each chia re khoi doan ket toan dan toe, gay tac dong tieu cue t6i sir nghiep xay dung va bao ve dat nu6c cua nhan dan ta Dai hoi Dang Ian thu IX da xac dinh nhiem vu chien luac ciia each mang nude ta giai doan hien la "phat buy sufc manh toan dan toe, tiep tuc doi mai, day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, xay dung va bao ve To quoc Viet Nam xa hoi chii nghia" [17, 60], va "noi dung chii yeu cua dau tranh giai cap giai doan hien la thuc hien thSng lai sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa theo dinh huong xa hoi chii nghia" [17, 22] De thuc hien thang lai muc tieu tren doi hoi phai huy dong sue manh long hop cac nguon lire ciia cac tang 16p nhan dan, ca: phan kinh te, va ngoai nuac Di^u yeu cau chiing ta, han liic nao het, can nhan thuc ro moi quan he giOa dan toe va giai cap, van di doc lap dan toe quan he quoc te, de CO chinh sach thich hop Do do, can phai nghien cuu tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve van d^ di tim nhiJng chi dan thich hop v6i f\m doan each mang mai Tam quan da thoi thiic chiing toi chon van di Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve quan he dan toe vd giai cap cdch mang Viet Nam giai doan 1920 - 1945 lam di tai luan van thac sT triet hoc ciia minh Tinh hinh nghien cihi de tai Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh soi duong va mang h»i thang loi cho cuoc dau tranh ciia nhan dan Viet Nam Trong nhiJng nam qua, d^ tai tu tuong Ho Chi Minh da thu hut sir chu y ciia dong dao cac chinh khach, cac nha khoa hoc, ca va ngoai nu6c Co the neu mot so cong trinh nhu: Ho Chi Minh vd ngU(yi Viet Nam tren dU(yng dan gidu mafe manh cua Pham Van D6ng [24]; Sue manh dan toe cua cdch mgng Viet Nam dudi anh sang tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ciia tac gia Le Mau Han [28] Su hinh tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve cdch mgng gidi phong ddn toe (1911 - 1945) ciia tac gia Nguyen Dinh Thuan [70]; Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve gidi phong ddn toe - eon diayng ddn den chien ihdng lich su Dien Bien Phu ciia tac gia Nguy6n Ba Linh, Nxb CTQG, 2004; Gidi phong ddn toe vd doi mai dudi dnh sdng tutudng Ho Chi Minh ciia tac gia Bui Dinh Phong, Nxb CTQG, 2004 V.V Cac cuon sach tren de cap nhi6u van di vi tu tuong Ho Chi Minh, c6 tu tuong ve van de dan toe va van de giai cap Trong tac pham neu tren, tac gia Le Mau Han da khai quat duong loi cuu nu6c ciia H6 Chi Minh va khang dinh chmh ducmg loi diing dan da dua cuoc dau tranh giai phong dan toe ciia nhan dan Viet Nam den thang loi Tac gia Bui Dinh Phong Gidi phong ddn toe vd doi mai dudi dnh sdng tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ciang khang dinh gia tri ciia tu tudng Ho Chi Minh cuoc each mang giai phong dan toe va xa hoi chii nghia va nhan manh su can thiet phai van dung tu tuong Ho Chi Minh sir nghiep doi moi dat nuoc Ngoai mot so bai viet, chuyen khao dang tai tren cac tap chi: "Triet hoc", 'Ly luan chinh tri", "Cong san" nhu: Ket hap dung ddn van de giai cap vdi van de ddn toe theo tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ciia Le Duy Son, Tap chi Nghien cuu ly luan so 10/1999; Con duang cidi nude, gidi phong ddn toe, gidi phong nhdn ddn cua Ho Chi Minh ciia Nguyen Huy, Tap chi khoa hoc xa hoi so 1/ 2004; Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve moi quan he giai cap vd ddn toe ciia Nguy6n Ngoc Long, Tap chi Ngien cuu ly luan so 4/ 1996; Moi quan he hien chung giua van de ddn toe vd van de giai cap tU tudng Ho Chi Minh ciia Nguyen Duy Quy, Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi, so 5/ 2004 Trong bai Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve moi quan he giai cap vd ddn toe, Nguyen Ngoc Long phan tich quan diem cua Lenin ve sir can thiet phai thuc hien sir gan bo giua cuoc dau tranh each mang cua giai cap v6 san v6i cuoc dau tranh giai phong dan toe ciia nhan dan cac nuoc thuoc dia Tac gia cung khai quat nhOng luan giai ciia Ho Chi Minh vi sir thong nhat khong the tach roi va khang dinh la mot noi dung co ban va quan ciia tu tuong Ho Chi Minh Tac gia Nguyen Duy Quy bai neu tren da phan tich, khai quat qua trinh Ho Chi Minh tiep can ly luan dan toe va giai cap ciia chu nghia Mac - Lenin, nhung ket luan Ho Chi Minh riit qua viec nghien cuu ly luan va thuc ti^n lich su the giai va dat nu6c Tac gia cung khang dinh sir can thiet phai tiep tuc nghien cuu, hoc tap, quan triet tu tuong Ho Chi Minh vi van de dan toe va giai cap tinh hinh moi, lay lam co so cho vice van dung, hoach dinh, to chiic va thuc hien duong loi, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nu6c Nhieu ngudi nucfc ngoai va ngudi Viet Nam nude ngoai cung nghien curu ve tu tuong Ho Chi Minh va co nhiJng dong gop nhat dinh, nhu Ho Chi Minh gidi phong ddn toe vd doi mdi ciia Futura Motoo [25]; Tim hieu nen tdng van hod ddn toe tu tudng cdch mgng Ho Chi Minh ciia tac gia John Le Van Hoa, Nxb Ha Noi, 2003 Day la nguon tai lieu dang tham khao Ngoai ciang co mot so luan van, luan an nghien cuu ve tu tuong Ho Chi Minh, co the ke den luan an tien si sir hoc ciia Tran Van Hai voi di tai Chu tich Ho Chi Minh vdi van de ddn toe vd giai cap each mang Viet Nam duac bao ve tai Hoc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia He Chi Minh nam 2001 Day la cong trinh tiep can tu tuong Ho Chi Minh tren binh dien sir hoc Cac cong trinh tren da khai thac tu tuong Ho Chi Minh o nhieu khia canh, de cap mot each kha toan dien va sau sac, la nhung dong gop Icfn vao viec nghien cihi tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, Tuy nhien, chua that su cd cong trinh, tac pham nao nghien cuu day dii va cd he thong tren binh dien triet hoc ve tu tudng Ho Chi Minh vi mdi quan he dan toe va giai cap each mang Viet Nam giai doan 1920 - 1945, de tii dd van dung vao viec xem xet, giai quyet van di d nude ta giai doan hien Day cd the la khoang ma chiing toi cd ky vong phan nao khac phue bang nghien cuu Muc dich va nhiem vu nghien cuti Muc c/ich: Luan van trinh bay mot each cd he thong nhung quan diem cua Mac, Angghen va Lenin va Ho Chi Minh vi quan he dan toe va giai cap, lam ro hoan canh doi ciia nhung quan diem dd Neu van de van dung tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve mdi quan he vao tinh hinh cu the d nude ta hien Nhiem vu: - Chi nhimg \\in di hinh tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve mdi quan he dan toe va giai cap - Phan tich mdi quan he dan toe va giai cap tu tudng Ho Chi Minh - Rut nhung van di van dung vao thUc tier, nude ta giai doan hien Co so ly luan va phuong phap nghien cihi Luan van duoc thuc hien dua tren co sd chii nghia Mac-Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh va chii truong, dudng loi ciia Dang ta ve quan he dan toe va giai cap Co sd phuong phap luan: phep bien chung vat va chii nghia vat lich sir; cac phuong phap nghien cuu: lich sir - logic, phan tich, tdng hop, so sanh Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu - Doi tuang: Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve mdi quan he dan toe va giai cap Tuy nhien, dan toe va giai cap la nhung van de rong Idn, la doi tuong nghien cuu ciia nhieu nganh nhu triet hoc, sir hoc, dan toe hoc, xa hoi hoc Luan van de cap dan toe vdi pham vi qude ^ia dan toe, chu khong phai d pham vi toe ngudi, xem xet van di giai cap dudi gdc tinh giai cap ciia dan toe chu khong de cap mot each cu the ve cac phan giai cap - Gidi han thai gian: chii yeu tir 1920 - 1945 Dong gop cua luan van Luan van trinh bay mot each cd he thong nhung quan diem ciia Mac, Angghen va Lenin ve quan he dan toe va giai cap, lam ro su van dung sang tao ly luan dd ciia Hd Chi Minh vao hoan canh cu the ciia Viet Nam, neu van de van dung vao thuc tien nude ta giai doan hien Luan van cd the duoc dijng lam tai lieu tham khao cho cac can bo nghien cuu, giang day, sinh vien va nhung ngudi quan tam Ket cau ciia luan van Ngoai phan md dau, ket luan va danh muc tai lieu tham khao, luan van gdm chuong tiet CHirONG CAC TIEN DE HINH THANH TlTTl/dNG HO CHI MINH VE MOI QUAN HE DAN T O C VA GIAI CAP 1.1 Quan diem Mae - Lenin ve quan he dan toe va giai cap 7.7.7 Quan diem cua Mdc vd Angghen ve quan he ddn toe vd giai cap Trudc trinh bay cac quan diem ciia Mac, Angghen va Lenin ve quan he dan toe va giai cap, chiing toi se khao sat khai nie:n dan toe va giai cap Dan toe la hinh thai cong dong ngudi hinh qua trinh phat trien lau dai ciia lich su Cac nha chep sir thdi cd dai da cd nhung tac pham phan anh ve phong tuc tap quan ciia cac cong dong toe ngudi, mieu ta cac cuoc chien tranh giOa cac bang mot qudc gia Heroddi (484 - 425 tr en) da mieu ta cuoc chien tranh Hy Lap - Ba Tu nhu la cuoc chien tranh giOa nhung qudc gia Tuyxidit (460 - 395 tr en), tac gia ciia bo su noi tieng ''Lich sir cuoc chien tranh Pelopone'' da ke lai cuoc chien tranh giiJa cac bang Aten va Xpac Tu Ma Thien tac pham dd so ''Su ky'' da ndi den cac qudc gia cd dai d Trung Qudc vdi nhung qudc hieu rieng Den Tan Thuy Hoang thdng nhat van tu, don vi ludng, lanh thd thi dan toe Trung Hoa duoc hinh Cac trieu dai phong kien thdng tri d Trung Qudc da tu cho dan toe minh la ngudi ''Hoa \\'d\ cdn cac dan toe xung quanh duoc ho coi la ''man di" O nude ta, tir the ky XV, nha tu tudng vl dai ciia dan toe la Nguyen Trai da neu nhiJng net khac biet giua dan toe Viet Nam va dan toe Trung Hoa, dd la lanh thd, van hien, phong tuc va lich sir de khang dinh chii quyen ciia ngudi Viet Sau Nguyen Trai vai the ki, Vua Quang Trung cudi nam 1788 cung da ndi len long quyet tam danh giac giiJ gin nen van hoa va nhirng phong tuc tap quan lau ddi ciia dan toe Trong bai "Su ddng gdp ciia Nguyen Trai ve khai nicm dan toe", tac gi