Phát triển dịch vụ logistics tại doanh nghiệp giao nhận vận tải quy mô vừa ở việt nam trường hợp nghiên cứu , công ty giao nhận vận tải biển đông

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG D~I HQC KINH TE TP HO CHi MINH NGUYEN NGUY]J:T QUE I PHAT TRIEN DICH VU LOGISTICS TAl DOANH NGHIEP GIAO NH~ V~N TAl QUY MO VUA VI:IJ:T NAM- TRUONG HOP NGHIEN CUU: CONG TY GIAO NHAN - ? A ~ VAN TAl BIEN DONG Chuyen nganh: Quiin trj Kinh doanh Mfi sb: 5.02.05 LU~N VAN TH~C Si KINH TE r-~HO Ngtriri htr6'ng dftn khoa hQc: TS PH~M B¢ GIAO Dl)C VA oAo T~O TRUClNG CH KINH TE TP.HCM THUVI~N CHi MINH- NAM 2004 THJ HA MUCLUC LOOMODAU CHUONG TONG QUAN VE LOGISTICS 1.1 Khai niem va vai tro ctia Logistics: ' •' ~ ' •A , • • d(IL 1.1.1 Vat net ve S\f phat tnen cua Logtstlcs hi~n Thap nien 1960 1.1 1.1 1 Thap nien 1970 1.1.1.3 Thap nien 1980 1.1.1.4 Thap nien 1990 1.1.2 Khai ni~I Logistics 1.1.2.1 Cac khai ni~m thain khao •A ' ' • 1.1.2.2 Khat m~ Logtstlcs theo quan diem cua tac guL 1.1.3 Vai tro cua Logistics 10 'A , •A • • • 1.2 Sa IU'Q'C v~ bol].t d()ng ciia cac cong ty cung cip d!ch V\1 Logistics ll 1.2.1 Cong ty Logistics (LSP: Logistics Service Provider) 11 1.2.2 Cac dich V\1 cung dip b6i LSP 11 1.2.2.1 Dich Vl.l,tuviht :············································································································ 11 1.2.2.1.1 Quyet dinh ve vi tri cua h~ th6ng kho-bai-nha xu6ng ········ 11 1.2.2.1.2 QuySt dinh v~ san xu~t 11 1.2.2.1.3 QuySt dinh h~ th6ng dlJ trfr hang h6a 12 van tai :.:·······························································-···················12 1.2.2.1.4 ,QuySt di~ 1.2.2.2 f>ieu ph6i, to chUc th\fc hi~n chuoi Logistics 12 1.2.2.2.1 Dich V\1 kho-bai 12 1.2.2.2.2 Van tai va pban ph6i bang h6a 13 1.2.2.2.3 Quan ly (dlJ trfr) hang t6n kho 13 1.2.2.2.4 Th\fc hi~n don hang 13 1.2.2.2.5 Cac dich V\1 gia tang gia tri khac 13 1.2.2.3 Dich V\1 thong tin 13 1.2.2 3.1 Tracking I Tracing 14 hang I Nl$1 don $t hang Theo doi tiSn cua don hang 14 1.2.2.3.2 f>~t 1.2.3 Phan lo(li cac cong ty Logistics 14 1.2.3.1 C~pdo 1: 14 1.2.3.2 c~p 2: 15 1.2.3.3 c~p 3: 1s 1.2.3.4 c~p 4: 15 1.3 · Y nghia cua VI~c , - CHUONG TY GIAO N~ ? _,, ngh1en cuu •A , • 1~ ~ THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN DICH VU LOGISTICS TAl CONG V~N TAiBIEN DONG : : : 17 '" t h"A CAong t y gtao n hAl].D Vl].D A tai B'A I~u 1en DAong 17 G IO'I 2.1.1 Nhfrng thong tin ca ban 17 2.1.2 Chirc nang, nhi~m V\1 17 2.1.3 Ca c~u t6 chuc 18 ?0 2.2 Phiin tich thtfC trl].ng hOl].t dqng kinh doanh va tinh hinh phat tri~n d!ch V\1 Logistics tl].i cong n hAl].ll Vl].ll A t'" t y g1ao B"A 1en DAong 18 2.2.1 K6t qua ho~t d()ng kinh doanh 18 2.2.2 Dich V\1 van tai 19 Xet theo lo~i hinh van tai xufit nhiip kh~u 20 2.2.2.1 2.2.2.2 Xet theo thi trung 21 Xet theo phuong thirc va di~u kien chuyen eM 22 2.2.2.3 2.2.3 Dich V\1 kho-bai va phan ph6i hang h6a 25 He th6ng kho-bai va cac khach hang chinh 25 2.2 Kha nang m& r()ng dich V\1 25 2.2.3.2 2.2.4 Dich V\1 Hai quan 26 Van chuy~n hang cong trinh 27 2.2.5 2.2.6 Dich V\1 gia tri gia tang khac 27 Dich V\1 ki~m hang 27 2.2.6.1 2.2.6.2 phcit chirng tir 28 Dich V\1 bao hi€m va chuy~n 2.2.6.3 Cac dich V\1 khac 29 Iy 29 2.2.7 He th6ng d~ 2.2.8 He th6ng thong tin va Dich V\1 khach hang 30 He th6ng thong tin 30 2.2.8.1 2.2.8.2 Dich V\1 khach hang 32 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 Nh~n xet- ~anh CHUONG GIAO NH~ tri~n gia chung • 32 ho~t d()ng Logistics 32 Cac uu diem d~ cong ty phcit tri~n Cac ~t ~ ch6 qua trinh phcit tri~n ho~t d()ng Logistics 33 v~N GIAI PHA.P PHAT TRIEN DICH VU LOGISTICS CUA CONG TY TAl BIEN DONG GIAI DO :\N 2005-2010 34 Kinh nghi~m phlit tri~n cua cac cong ty Logistics khu V\fC ASEAN ya xu hu6ng phlit thj trtrimg out-sourcing hol_lt d()ng Logistics t\rl Vi~t Nam 34 cua cac cong ty Logistics khu we ASEAN 34 1.1 Kinh nghiem phcit tri~n 3.1 3.1.2 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 Xu hu6ng phcit tri~n thi trung out-sourcing hoat d()ng Logistics tai VietNam 35 Djnh hmmg va my.c tieu phat tri~n cua cong ty Bi~n Dong giai dol.ln 2005-2010 37 Binh hu6ng: 37 M1.1c tieu phcit tri6n giai doan 2005-2010 37 H~ th6ng giiii phlip phat tri~n djch vy Logistics t\rl cong ty giao nh~ v~n tai Bi~n Dong 37 3.1 Nh6m giai phcip phcit tri6n dich V\1 37 3 1.1 ChU phcit tri6n dich V\1 van tai giao nhiin 37 3.3.1.2 d()ng kho-bai va pMn ph6i hang h6a 39 Nang cao hieu qua ho~t Nang cao chfit luQ'Ilg dich V\1 khach hang 40 3.3.1.3 3.3.1.4 Phcit tri6n cac dich V\1 gia tang khac 0 41 3.2 Nh6m giai phcip phcit tri6n cong ngM thong tin 41 3.3.2.1 Khai thac met d6 he th6ng EDI 41 303.2.2 Xay d\fng cac chuong trinh cap nhiit, truy tim gia va ijch tau "m&" 42 Xay dl.fng chuong trinh quan ly dO'n hang tren Web (Tracing & Trackin?) 42 3.3.2.3 3.3.2.4 Tim hiMkM nang irng d1.mg cac chuong trinh quan tri va lien k6t he thong 43 nv ~ +"-~ J d' h I ., ' ' 43 3 u~t nen 1111tg va' ph'at tr1en lC V\1 tu van giai ph'ap Logishcs 3.3 Nh6m giai phcip phcit tri6n he th6ng dai ly va d6i tac lien k6t kinh doanh 44 Cling c6 va phat tri6n M th6ng dai Iy 44 3.3.3.1 Lien k6t ngang 45 3.3 Lien k6t doc 45 3.3.3.3 Tan d\Ulg CO' hQi phat tri6n kinh doanh da chi~u 45 3.3.3.4 Thanh lap van phOng chi nhanh t~ dia di8m chi€n luqc: Vfing Tau, Da N~n,g 46 3.3.3.5 3.3.4 Nh6m giai phap cai ti€n CO' cfiu va each thirc quan ly 47 3.3.4.1 Tai cfiu trUe he th6ng 47 Cai ti6n each thirc quan ly 48 3.3.4.2 3.3 0 o o o o 3.3.4.3 ChUtrQngvadiym~ hol;ltdi;>ng Marketing 49 ngu6n nhan h;rc 50 3.3.5 Nh6m giai phcip phat tri~n 3.3.5.1 Cap nhat va chufut h6a ki6n thirc chuyen mon 50 3.3.5.2 Roan thi~n van h6a cong ty 51 3.3.5.3 f>ao tl;lO mfii nhan vien la mi;>t nha tu vful Logistics chuyen nghiep 51 3.4~ Ki~n 3.4.1 4.2 3.4.3 nghi 52 B6i v&i nganh van tru giao nhan 52 B6i v&i cac nganh khac 53 B6i v&i Nha nu&c 53 oll: ' ki~ en n gh'! s~ ·•· H ·~u OA qua t h 1JC ben cua hA~ t h~ ong g.ru p h'ap va' cac 3.5 ? KET LU~ ? 0? 56 PHV LVC 57 TAI Ll¢u THAM KHA.o 62 Danh mlJC biing Bimg 1: Tinh hfnh kinh doa"!h cua cong ty BiJn Dong giai dor;m 2000-2004 19 Bang 2: Uu diem cua he thong ED! 31 Bang 3: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai himg xu tit khdu thea thi truimg 57 Bang 4: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai hang nhQp khdu thea tht truimg 57 Bang 5: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh djch vt,t vtjn ttii hang consolidation 58 Bang 6: Kit qua hogt d(mg kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai hang Je co-load 58 Bang 7: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai bang duimg hang khOng 58 Bang 8: Kit qua kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai hang FCL 59 Bang 9: Ty l? doanh thu hang chi djnh cua dgi lyl hang cong ty !1! kinh doanh 59 Bang 10: Kit qua kinh doanh t6ng thJ cac djch VT,t 59 Danh mlJc hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Quan trt vtjt tu I Logistics ddu vao Ph an ph6i san phdm I Logistics ddu th6ng Logistics (Logistics kinh doanh) Logistics va day chuydn cung img Ca cdu t6 chirc cua cong ty BiJn Dong 18 6: Kit qua kinh doanh djch vt,t vtjn tai thea logi hinh xu&t nhtjp khdu 20 7: Doanh thu djch vt,t v(ln tai hang xu&t khdu thea thj truimg 21 8: Doanh thu dtch vt,t vtjn tai hang nh(lp khdu thea thj truimg 22 9: Ca cdu cong ty BiJn Dong du(Jc didu chinh 48 10: Quy trinh phan ph6i hang- khtlch hang Tan Thjnh 60 11: Quy trinh kiJm tra va th'f!c hien dan hang- Khach hang A/do Group 61 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: He LOIMODAU Ly chQn d~ Kinh t~, tai: khoa hoc kY thu~ cang phat tri~n, "cung" va "c~u dich V\1 tren thi trnemg cang tr& nen da d~g, hang h6a, phong phu hon "bao gia h~t Nguai tieu dimg mong mu6n duqc th6a man nhu c~u m()t each nhanh chong, ti~n lqi, d6, nha cung cfip luon tim moi each d~ hang h6a c6 m~t thai gian nglln nhfit, kip thai dap irng cac yeu c~u chinh la cong Cl) t6ng hqp hfru hi~u v~ tren thi trnemg cua khach hang Logistics rna nha cung cfip t~ dl)llg d~ d~t dUQ'C ffil)C dich cuaminh Ngay nay, khai ni~m thuong nhan Nhu c~u duqc nhi~u Logistics da tr& nen rfit quen thu()c v&i h~u thue cong ty Logistics chuyen nghi~p doanh nghiep ap dl)ng c6 hieu qua s6 lm;mg cong ty Logistics gia tang dang k~ cac th\fc hien dich V\1 dlng d VietNam 2-3 (hien t~i h~t nam gk day, c6 khoang hon 800 cong ty, t6c d() tang binh quan la 10%/nam, nghla la s6 luqng se vao ·khoang 1200 cong ty vong nam t&i) Tuy nhien, ho~t khong c6 gi khac so v&i ho~t thi trnemg giao nh~ d()ng cua rfit nhi~u nh~ dqng cua m()t cong ty giao v~n cong ty Logistics v~n tai hang h6a rfit manh mttn, h~u h~t tai thong thuemg, cac c6ng ty n·ong nganh c6 quy mo vira va' nh6 Trong bBi canh fiy, viec tim hi~u & cac cong ty giao nh~ crru v~ gia nh~p chuy~n vfiu d~ t~i v~ Logistics va phat tri~n tai la rfit c~n thi~, dich co cfiu kinh t~ d()ng dich V\1 n6i chung va ho~t d~n, Vi~t ch~ Nam c~n theo huang phat tri~n d()ng giao nh~ dich V\1 Logistics nhfit la c6 rfit it ta,;; gia nghien VietNam, tai lieu tham khao h~n WTO dang duqc rut ng~ ngoai khai thac v~ v~ dich V\1 d~ Ngoai ra, ti~n dAy m~nh trinh hiam cung nguy~ v~t cap lieu ~- -v -~ Hinh 1: Quim tri w;lt tu I Logistics ctdu viw San xuat Thj tru6'ng Vc;in chuy~') _/ ~- "'V" Hinh 2: Phiin ph6i sim phdm I Logistics adu Tru6'c 1960, cac nha quan tri c6 khuynh huang xem cac ho~t Ia cac ho~t d()ng ph6 thong va khong dang d~ chu y, vi~c d()ng phan ph~i dfin den chi phi tang nhanh va bdt hqp ly Chi phi Ifin vao cac chi phi gian tiep, chi phi t6ng hQP ctia cong ty khien cho nguai ta kh6 xac dinh mire d() thgc sg ctia cac chi phi phan ph6i d~ quan ly hang h6a m()t each hi~u 1.1.1.2 qua Thqp nien 1970 T6'i nhfing nam 1970, chi phi ho~t d()ng ctia cac cong ty tang rdt cao L~ phat phi rna da len t&i hai chu s6, ket qua Ia chi phi nhan cong, nha xu&ng, chi phi v6n da tang dang k~ va lam tang chi phi phan ph6i M~t khac, gia xang dfiu l~i leo thang OPEC doi cit giam luqng cung tren thi truoog, di€u bu()c cac nha qmin tri phai tim ki€m each thuc mcri d€ k€t n6i cac chuc nang phan ph6i T\1' h6a nganh v~n tai cling dua l~i giam chi phi, tang hi~u cua th~p cho cac nha quan tri nhfrng 1\fa chQn mcri d€ cit qua ho~t d()ng cua minh Vi v~y, nien 1970, Quan tri v~t t6ng th€ hiiu cava thu~ cho tcri nhfrng nam cu6i tu va Phan ph6i san phfun da duqc xem nhu m()t ngu Logistics kinh doanh da m& r()ng han (hinh 3) San xuat LU'U kho NVL LU'U kho Th! trU'ang pham _ \. y Logistics dt!u Logistics dt!u vao Hinh 3: H? th6ng Logistics (Logistics kinh doanh) 1.1.1.3 Thtjp nien 1980 Trong th~p vi~c nien 1980, S\1' phat tri€n cua Logistics duqc danh dftu ro r~t h~ b6 nhfrng lu~t 1~ can tr&, m& r()ng dich V\1 Logistics da lam thay d6i quan giua nguai chuyen ch& va nguai gfri hang Cac nha chuyen ch& kha nang d€ giam gia eucre nhfun ti€t ki~m hang l~i d~t t~p chi phi v~ trung hang h6a vao m()t s6 it nha v~ duqc k€t qua dam phan t6t han cho cong vi~c la ly t~i t~p tai nao d6 l~i trung mQi tai; d6, nguai gfri chuy€n rna hQ danh gia cao nh~m phan ph6i hang h6a cua minh, d6 luqng nguai gfri hang c6 ve it han nhung t6ng cong vi~c cua m()t nha v~ nhftt, gia tang nhi€u han Vi th€, cac nha v~ kinh doanh tai phai nfi l\fc d€ lQt vao danh sach nha thfiu duqc nguai gfri hang l\fa chQn Nhfrng nha thfiu cong la nguai c6 djch V\1 khach hang vuqt tr()i, c6 cac djch V\1 gia tri gia tang v~n hftp dfin va gia ca a muc hqp ly M()t lo~t cac thong 1~ mcri da nfii len cac nha tai cling nhu nguai gfri hang mu6n c6 ging cit giam chi phi va cai thi~n cua minh, bao gbm nhfrng ho~t djch V\1 d()ng nhu len h6a dan va ki€m tra eucre t\1' d()ng, dimg h~ th6ng trao dbi dfr li~u di~n khong sir d\lllg giAy, tim ki~m n~i, tir EDI d€ h6 trq vi~c hang hoa, sir d\lng hoa dan di~n ill nr tra CUu va tinh cu&c, theo doi cac khi~u to an cu&c vv Ciing th~p nang c~ tranh va tranh tri€n m~nh, bi sap nganh dich V\1 bimg Logistics b~t sang ki~n nien 1980, nhieu cong ty da thay dbi ca cAu d€ ding cao kha d§u xuAt hi~n nh~p b6'i cong ty khac, thuang m~i nl> th~ nhanh chong Cac cong ty cung cAp dich V\1 nhieu han, h~ th6ng Just in time (JIT) ngm1i Nh~t thai kY Nguyen tiic CO' ban cua h~ ciing xuAt hi~n gi&i phat thBng ntly Ia khong siin xuat hay v{in chuyin hang chlfa co ilijt hang, noi dtch khac, h~ th6ng JIT mu6n d~t duqc ID\lC dich cung i:mg v~t cua khach hang thai gian ng~ tu, hang hoa theo nhu cku th~rc nhAt, giam thi€u chi phi luu kho D€ d~t dieu nay, vAn de xu ly va truyen thong tin la y~u thOi, chinh xtic se thay thl cho vi~c H~ t~ duqc t6 t6i quan trQng Thong tin kjp siin xuiit theo dlf ilotin va t8n kho siin phdm th6ng JIT se phan i:mg nhanh chong theo d~ng se duqc thong tin kip thai va h~ SlJ "cku keo", nghia la nhu cku th~:rc th6ng chi t~o mot luqng cung tuO'ng ling rna thoi 1.1.1.4 Thgp nien 1990 Cho t&i th~p nien 1990 ho~t dong cua nhieu cong ty da biio hoa 6' thi truang nu&c, buoc cac cong ty phai c~t hi~u qua han va vuan ho~t giam cac chi phi d€ co th€: kinh doanh dong cac thi truerng nu&c ngoai vAn de rut ng~ gian d€ hang hoa co mijt n·en thi truerng va nang cao chAt luqng dich y~u t6 quan trQng khac nh~m hqp nhfrng yeu cku kh~t nang cao lqi th~ c~ kinh doanh Bo chinh la cai thi~n duqc cong C\1 hfru hi~u cong ngh~ Tbng ho~t m&i d€ cai thi~n, ti~p t'llc phat tri€n dong Logistics Tuy nhien, d€ co khong phai la dieu dan gian, vi cac cong ty phai dku tu m&i, nhAt Ia cong ngh~ tri€n ngu6n nhan ll,lC tranh cua doanh nghi~p ciing la hai khe ve chi phi, thai gian va chAt Iuqng dich V\1 buoc cac nha quan tri phai tim nhfrng cong C\1 hfru hi~u cong vi~c VI,L thai VV thong tin, rna rong h~ th6ng tren toan cku, phat Vz vgy, a€ cfit giam chi phf, thai gian phdn phtJi hang 51 each thuc dong g6i hang h6a, bao hi em, khi€u n~i vv Cac ki€n thuG chung cho mi nhan vien: djch V\l khach hang va ky nang dam phan, thuy€t ph\lC khach hang, each thuc quan ly thai gian, len k€ ho~c, s~p x€p cong vi~c, h~ th6ng ch~t luqng, ky nang sic d\lfig cac phfut m€m vv Phong nhan S\f chiu trach nhi~m chuong trinh dao t~o 3.3.5.2 va xin y ki€n Ban giam d6c dinh k)r 2lfrnJnam Hoim thi¢n van h6a c6ng ty Thuc dAy tinh thAn lam vi~c Khi CO' c~u ddng doi vi S\f phat tri€n cua cong ty cong ty phat tri€n va s6 luqng nhan vien tang len, vi~c tinh thAn lam vi~c dong c~nh v€ cac ddng doi cAn duqc d~c bi~t quan tam Cong ty cAn di~ tranh gifra cac phong ban, thi dua d~t thuc dAy cac ho~t m\lC tieu.cua tlmg phong nh~m d~t nhan S\f cAn chuAn bi kY luang va duqc nhfrng m\lC tieu chung cua cong ty Bo ph~n tham y ki€n cua Ban giam d6c va cua nhan vien tru&c phat dong phong trao Mi ho~t dong d€u huang v€ khach hang Cong ty cAn xay d\lllg tinh thAn lam vi~c huang v€ khach hang - vi khach hang Khach hang la tai san quy gia cua cong ty Cong ty d€ cao ca khach hang ben ngoai va khach hang ben Mi ho~t dong dSu phai huang t&i vi~c lam hai long, thoa man nhu cfru cua khach hang Cac n6 1\fc cua nhan vien se duqc tu6ng thu&ng xirng dang Khuy€n khfch nhan vien lam vi~c, d€ cac m\lC tieu de h9 vuon t&i va tu