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Table of Contents SUMMARY 2 1 Reason for choosing the solution 2 2 Contents of solution 2 2 1 Theoretical basis 2 2 1 1 The concept and benefits of “Debating” 2 2 1 2 Concepts, characteristics and req[.]
Table of Contents SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………… Reason for choosing the solution ……………………………………… Contents of solution …………………………………………………… 2.1 Theoretical basis …………………………………………………… 2.1.1 The concept and benefits of “Debating”………………………… 2.1.2 Concepts, characteristics and requirements of speaking skills … 2.2 Practical basis …………………………………………………… 2.2.1 Situation of the problem before taking techniques ……………… 2.2.2 Solution used to solve the problem ……………………………… 2.2.2.1 Steps to take when using “Debating” in English speaking lessons 2.2.2.2 Some illustrative examples …………………………………… 2.2.2.3 The progress of the speaking lesson using the “Debating technique” ………………………………………………………………… 2.3 The effectiveness of applying the “Debating technique” in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School ……………………………………………………………………… 2.4 The results and proofs obtained when applying the “Debating teachinque” in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School ……………………………………………… Conclusions and recommendations …………………………………… 3.1 Conclude …………………………………………………………… 3.2 Recommendations …………………………………………………… REFERENCES …………………………………………………………… 2 2 3 6 10 11 13 13 13 15 skkn SUMMARY The presentation presents the results of research on applying Debating technique in teaching - learning English speaking skill; testing the steps and at the same time proving the effectiveness of the application of the above techniques in the process of teaching and learning English speaking skill for secondary students at Fansipan primary & secondary school Reason for choosing the solution Teaching English in a communicative, learner-centered way and promoting learners' capabilities has been very popular in all countries around the world In Vietnam this approach has been applied to develop language skills, especially English speaking skill These skills need to be focused on developing right from the start of learning Fansipan Secondary School also follows this direction, with the aim of comprehensively developing language skills for students, especially speaking skill Speaking skill is one of the four skills that any English teacher pays special attention to and worries about Speaking is also one of the four skills that learners consider difficult Speaking skill must be practiced regularly in the classroom as well as outside the classroom Teaching speaking skill requires teachers to explore and research, apply appropriate methods, measures and tricks or offer appropriate forms of speaking practice to develop and improve speaking ability so that students can absorb and express their own thoughts and opinions in English fluently Unlike reading, writing and listening skills, speaking skill requires actual contact with the listener As an English teacher, from a practical perspective as well as experience in teaching, I personally find that most learners always feel awkward in expressing themselves in foreign languages, for fear of making mistakes or being criticized judgmental and “shy,” or simply because they are afraid of people noticing them In fact, the problems students often face are not being able or difficult to think of content to say This may be because the topic is too difficult or unfamiliar to the learner, or it may be because the learner is not interested in the topic Moreover, some students tend to excel, talk too much, so the opportunity to practice speaking for other students is too little or none The last problem is that students often use their mother tongue because they feel unnatural and not know how to express their ideas in another language To overcome the above problems in order to create a speaking environment for students and make speaking lessons effective, many techniques have been used such as: working in pairs, groups, discussions, presentations, presentations program etc… skkn Among them, Debating is also considered as one of the unique teaching techniques in English speaking lessons to improve learners' ability to speak English And this method has been used by me in teaching - learning to speak English for 7th grade students at Fansipan school, and has brought high results Because of the above reason, we have chosen to apply the “Debating technique” in English speaking lessons to improve English speaking skill for secondary students in general and grade students in particular at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School Contents of solution 2.1 Theoretical basis 2.1.1 The concept and benefits of “Debating” According to the encyclopedia, “Debating” is basically a discussion or a debate While debating you will often be in a position where you will have to argue the opposite of what the other side is saying [7] According to the American Debate League, debating is a system of reasoning or a race of ideas among participants about any topic, issue, or policy Participants were divided into two opposing sides: for and against (or for and against) the issue Debating is a very popular extracurricular activity in international private schools and is becoming more popular in Vietnam This is one of the best ways to develop student learning capacity To be able to argue, students need to expand their understanding of many fields, know how to search and process information, develop skills in logical thinking, deductive and critical thinking, and make persuasive presentations Debating, especially the ability to argue in English, is a tool to help students confidently enter life, bringing great skills to them To be able to argue, students need to expand their understanding of many fields, know how to look up and process information This is also the foundation for children to confidently learn other subjects and actively seek and learn more advanced knowledge not found in textbooks Debating helps develop critical thinking When they have synthesized information and have their own arguments, they will give evidence to support their personal views and at the same time counter opposing views The habit of asking questions to clarify knowledge is also an important factor in forming critical thinking Debating helps improve communication and presentation skills These skills will greatly complement the outcome of the debate, helping the listener to clearly understand your child's point of view Besides, the children will also be trained to listen and respond to clarify their point of view in the most logical way Debating helps to see things in a multi-dimensional way The goal of debate is not to consistently defend their point of view, debate helps children see things skkn in a multi-dimensional way The more you open your heart to new perspectives, the more your child's knowledge base will be expanded At the same time, children will easily develop the ability to evaluate right-wrong, good-bad issues and make the best decisions Debating helps develop Listening - Speaking - Reading - Writing skills During the debate, the students will use all the vocabulary to express their views Regular practice and practice will help them memorize more easily and know how to apply English in real life 2.1.2 Concepts, characteristics and requirements of speaking skills Conceptually, Bygate defines speaking as a skill produced during utterance Like other skills, speaking can seem complicated to beginners, because it involves more problems than just pronouncing words Among the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, speaking plays an important role because it is the first criterion to help teachers recognize those who know and those who not know how to use a foreign language What is natural in verbal communication is a process of mutual understanding between the speaker and the listener [1 p.65] Regarding characteristics, Ur said that the characteristics of a speaking activity include the following elements: - Learners participate in speaking activities - The engine said - Language is used with an acceptable level of accuracy.[5.p 20] Regarding requirements, Nunan commented that in order to achieve good speaking skills, learners must meet the following requirements: - The ability to express the phonological nuances of the language; - Mastering stress, rhythm, intonation; - The ability to understand and express semantics; - Reasonable fluency in conversation or presentation [2 p 32] 2.2 Practical basis 2.2.1 Situation of the problem before taking techniques * Advantages: - Fansipan Primary & Secondary School was built in the direction of international standards Facilities and equipment for teaching and learning English at the school are fully spacious and modern The classrooms are equipped with wide-screen TVs with Internet connection, the classrooms are spacious enough, single or double desks so that students can carry out moving activities during English lessons comfortably flexible - A team of young and dynamic Vietnamese English teachers as well as foreigners are carefully selected - Students are given an entrance exam The number of students in each class should not exceed 30 students skkn - Teachers and students always receive the attention and enthusiastic help from the Board of Directors of the Company, the investor and the School Board of Directors, always creating the best conditions for teaching and learning - Parents are aware of the importance of their children's learning, especially English, so they always accompany the school to not only create the best conditions but also actively participate in all activities Extracurricular activities of the school help children to be more confident and develop - English program for students of Fansipan Middle & High School, besides strictly implementing the English Program of the Ministry of Education and Training, following the direction of the City Department of Education and Training, the school also built a number of intensive English lessons based on on the English Program designed by the Oxford English Institute in Vietnam (OEA) - The school organizes an annual activity "English Debating Contest" at all levels These are useful playgrounds and a place for students to experiment and put their learned knowledge and skills into real life * Disadvantages - Although students are selected for their input capacity and the number is not too large, it is inevitable that the inequality in language and cognitive ability in a class, especially for students in grade (age 12) - Brainstorming ideas and finding content for a debate that matches the theme of the English program of the Ministry of Education and Training is the first difficult factor for using "Debating" in English speaking lessons They are not yet able to explore the content, come up with ideas without the help and suggestions from the teacher Next, students' understanding of social issues is still limited Therefore, it is very difficult for them to give their own personal opinion or counter the opinion of the team - Time is also a factor that hinders the use of "Debating" in English speaking lessons Because in order to have a successful debate, both teachers and groups of students must take all the necessary steps If both teachers and students are not well prepared, the organization of debates for students will fail * Actual situation In recent years, according to new programs and textbooks, new methods of teaching and learning, many students are very interested in the subject, active in all activities, but mostly good and good students There are still many weak students, they not have a firm grasp of knowledge, they study passively, many of them are afraid to practice speaking in class, afraid of saying the wrong thing, some of them can't read or write sentences the simplest, thereby seriously affecting the training of skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing; Particularly, there are students who not take notes in class and not homework, they not have appropriate learning methods More specifically, when students enter 7th grade, they will begin to have more subjects and a greater amount of knowledge, it will be very difficult for skkn them if they are not taught and guided in the right direction Therefore, it is necessary to direct them to know the right way to learn so that they have a foundation from the beginning so that they can absorb the knowledge in later classes and promote their learning ability Subjects participating in the study were 30 students of grade 7A from Fansipan Primary and Secondary School The study period is from September 2021 to November 2021 At the beginning of the school year to understand the situation, learning capacity, listening and speaking skills of students in grade 7A, I designed a speaking test with a simple topic "Tell me about yourself" that requires Pass means being able to speak: name, age, place of residence, grade, school, hobbies, favorite subjects, relatives, friends The results of the survey are as follows: With the above results, I see that their speaking ability is very low So how to improve this situation, I wondered, pondered, thought, searched for solutions Apply known knowledge, innovate teaching methods to improve English speaking ability for students Since then, I decided to apply the "Debating" trick in teaching English to help students improve their English speaking skills 2.2.2 Solution used to solve the problem Stemming from research on theoretical and practical bases, from surveying the above-mentioned advantages and disadvantages, to improve English speaking skills for 7th grade students when using the "Debating" trick in the classroom - learning to speak English, I have taken the steps below as problemsolving measures 2.2.2.1 Steps to take when using “Debating” in English speaking lessons In order to use the “Debating techinque” in teaching and learning to speak English, to help students not have difficulty in understanding social issues, teachers need to take the following steps: Step 1: Identify the controversial issue: - Each lesson can have many issues for debate; However, teachers should only choose a problem that is most suitable for students to organize - Teachers need to understand, deeply understand their knowledge and understand their students' objects, their cognitive level, what they have, what they need, so that the teacher can make the right argument, transparent and most appropriate Step 2: Assigning tasks, students prepare to research on the debate issue: - Teachers need to assign specific: agreeing team and opposing team; appropriate document orientation The team that agrees is called “For” and the team that disagrees is called “Against” Each team has at least to students, asking them to prepare well to give quality and focused arguments skkn - Ask the teams to elect a captain to control their team to participate in the debate Step 3: Conduct debate: The debate will have two parts: - Part 1: Presentation + Each team will present the problem they defend; + The team agrees to present first; + The maximum time for the presentation is minutes - Part 2: Debate: + Each team will base their feedback on the opponent's presentation; + The maximum time for each review is minute; + The members of each team need to take turns, avoiding the case that only one person argues from beginning to end During the debate, members of the teams can ask questions back and forth to each other to add drama During the debate, the teacher observes and is ready to help the teams if necessary Step 4: Comment and evaluate: The teacher will make comments and assessments for each team and finalize the core knowledge of the lesson Evaluation criteria will be: quality of arguments; presentation skills of each team; working attitude and debate of each team 2.2.2.2 Some illustrative examples In the English program of the Ministry of Education, there are a total of 12 Units, equivalent to 105 teaching and learning periods In which, some songs like: "Unit 1: My hobbies", "Unit 2: Health", "Unit 4: Music and Arts", "Unit 7: Traffic", "Unit 8: Films" are the lessons of the teachers You can choose to bring up topics around what students have just learned, or related to the student's current life, appropriate for their age and level of understanding so that students can easily compete argue with each other Specifically: - Unit 1: My hobbies Nowadays, lots of children like playing computer and mobile games as a hobby Therefore, Some people say that computer and mobile games should be banned at school Do you agree or disagree? Orientation: Students can agree or disagree depending on the assessment and comment on their own point of view Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign teams: "agree" and "disagree" so that the students will carefully prepare the content of the debate - Unit 2: Health These days many people prefer ready to eat fast food rather than homemade food Do you think this has more advantages or disadvantages? Orientation: Students can choose many advantages or many disadvantages depending on the assessment and comment of their own point of view skkn Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign teams: choose "many advantages" and choose "many disadvantages" so that students can carefully prepare content to argue about the issue - Unit 4: Music and Arts Do you think music and arts should be compulsory subjects at schools in Vietnam? Why or Why not? Orientation: Students can choose to be required or optional depending on the assessment and comments on their own point of view Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign teams: "required" and "optional" so that the students can carefully prepare the content of the debate - Unit 7: Traffic Do you think people should use public transport more often than use private vehicles? Why / why not? Orientation: Students can choose whether or not they should, depending on their own assessment and opinion Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign teams: "should" and "shouldn't" so that the students will carefully prepare the content of the debate - Unit 8: Films Some people think watching movies is a waste of time Do you agree or disagree? Orientation: Students can agree or disagree depending on the assessment and comment on their own point of view Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign teams: "agree" and "disagree" so that the students will carefully prepare the content of the debate 2.2.2.3 The progress of the speaking lesson using the “Debating technique” - Teacher's work before teaching: + Prepare a debate topic: (the topic name is suitable for the content of the English curriculum of the BGD) + Prepare lesson plans for lessons + It is expected to divide the group into teams - Teacher's work while teaching: + Introduce the topic + Divide students into pairs + Ask and suggest for students to make an outline according to sides "for" and "against" + Observe and help student teams on issues related to vocabulary, structure, grammar and help the teams practice + Call on pairs to present + Record what students need to promote and learn from experience - Teacher's work after teaching: + Make comments for each pair of teams skkn + Ask pairs of students to go home to continue practicing, record videos and send videos to teachers after week Above I have outlined the progress of a speaking lesson using the "Debating" technique in the 7th grade English program Here I would like to illustrate with a specific lesson: DEBATING TOPIC Do you think people should use public transport more often than use private vehicles? Why / why not? I OBJECTIVES Knowledge: By the end of this lesson, Sts will be able to gain more knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of using public transport Skills: Speaking, Listening, Writing Attitude: Be confident in front of a crowd Competence development: Teamwork and independent working, pair work, linguistic competence, cooperative learning and communicative competence II TEACHING METHODS Teacher: Lesson plan, computer, TV Students: Notebooks III PROCEDURES Teacher’s activities Students’ activities I Pre-speaking (5mins) T asks Sts some questions to lead in the - Answer the questions individually topic of lesson + How you go to school everyday? + I go to school by bus/bike/car + How often you go to school by + I usually/sometime/never go to bus? school by bus -> T leads in the topic of speaking lesson after learning Unit 7: Traffic - Listen to the teacher - T says: Hey guys! Do you think people should use public transport more often than use private vehicles? Why / why not? skkn Today, we’re going to debate about the above mentioned topic II While – speaking (30 mins) - T divides the class into teams: For and Against - T asks sts to make an outline for what - Make outline they are saying in 10 minutes - T gives Sts some suggestions if - Listen to necessary necessary T’s suggestions if * Team For: Sts need to give the advantages of using public transportation For instance: - First: Save money - Write down if necessary + Taking buses and trains is cheaper than using private cars - Second: Protect the environment + It can reduce air pollution, because there are less cars driving on the road, there are fewer fumes - Third: Reduce traffic jams and accidents + There are less cars driving on the road * Team Against: Sts need to give the disadvantages of using public transportation For instance: - Write down if necessary First: Waste time + People need to wait for some minutes to catch a bus a train, so they need to be punctually in order not to miss it Second: Can be late for school or work + In some crowded cities, buses meet difficulties moving among so many vehicle, so people have to wait for quite a long time before the buses come Third: Personal safety 10 skkn + Sometimes it is crowded that it is impossible to breath and convenient for the pickpocket criminals to commit crime - Ask the T’s help if they don’t know how to explain - T observes and helps Sts on problems related to vocabulary, structure, grammar - Practice in team - When sts finish their outline, T guides teams to practice (10 mins) - Go to the board and present - Calls the teams go to the board to + Each team presents in mins present (10 mins) + Each team presents in mins - Takes note what Sts need to promote and what they need to correct III Post – speaking (10 mins) - T gives the comments to their - Listen to the teacher carefully and presentation take note some mistakes - Asks Sts to practice more at home, - Make videos and send to the then make videos and send to teacher teacher on time after one week 2.3 The effectiveness of applying the “Debating technique” in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School The use of “Debating” in English speaking lessons has brought some positive results for students because they are trained to express the language naturally in front of many people, no longer afraid to speak the language and shy like before, this gives them confidence They know how to use body language and express emotions through facial expressions to make their works more attractive and attractive When expressing their views, they have the opportunity to practice language situations, through which they know how to properly use language functions, promote their ability to express phonological nuances of language, correct accent, rhythm, intonation, and fluency are improved Making outlines and arguments by asking questions and giving interviews helped them develop other language skills such as reading and writing skills, and when presenting and arguing with each other, they developed listening skill All of this is demonstrated by the examples below 11 skkn 2.4 The results and proofs obtained when applying the “Debating teachinque” in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School To study the effectiveness of using the proposed method of “Debating”, I taught a trial at Fansipan Secondary School where I am working for 30 students divided into groups, over 50 lessons, for 10 weeks I focus on researching, observing, monitoring, and documenting my students' progress in pronunciation, intonation, body language, fluency, interest, and confidence The school has a team of native teachers, so I invited them to be judges to grade the videos and debates of each group Teaching is an art, the ways of organizing teaching in the classroom can only be an art when it is conducted under the control of the teacher By doing well on the above form, students will be able to absorb the lesson effectively After applying the Debating trick, I re-checked the quality of the students In the speaking test I gave the following topic “Tell me about yourself and your family”, compared to the previous test this test was more extensive in terms of topics and ideas However, when I tested them, I found that they have made a lot of progress, they are bolder, more confident, speak more ideas, have more fluency and pronunciation The quality results are shown in the survey number table of class 7A speaking skills as follows: Results: Schooy year 2021 – 2022 Numbers 7A The 1st test 30 Excellent (%) 9.0 –10.0 = 10 The 2nd test 30 = 30 = 26.6 Everate (%) 6.0 – 5.0 13 = 43.3 Weak (%) < 5.0 = 13.3 Very weak (%) < 3.0 = 6.8 16 =53.3 = 16.7 0 Good (%) 7.0 – 8.0 In addition, the use of the "Debating" method in teaching and learning to speak English has also brought them quite high results through comprehensive quality survey tests in English (including Listening skills, etc.) , Speaking, Reading, Writing) is held monthly, between the HKI and the end of the HKI The results are shown in the table below: Schooy year 2021 – 2022 Quality survey test (Sept) Quality survey test (Oct) Numbers 7A Excellent (%) 9.0 –10.0 Good (%) 7.0 – 8.0 Everage (%) 6.0 – 5.0 Weak (%) < 5.0 Very weak (%) < 3.0 30 = 16.7 10 = 33.3 11 = 36.7 = 10 = 3.3 30 = 23.3 12 = 40 = 30 = 6.7 12 skkn Middle term test (Nov) Final term test (Dec) 30 = 26.6 15 = 50 = 20 = 3.4 30 10=33.3 17 = 56.7 = 10 0 Not only that, through many lessons - learning to speak English using "Debating" method, students were able to confidently stand on the stage to participate in speaking competitions held at the School and won high prizes such as: English Speaking Contest, Thanh Hoa in my Heart, Fansipan in my Heart Conclusions and recommendations 3.1 Conclude With the characteristics, requirements and principles of teaching English speaking skills as well as the characteristics of the “Debating technique” mentioned above, the use of "Debating" in English speaking lessons has caused real problems been excited for secondary school students in general and grade students in particular at Fansipan Secondary School for nearly years This not 13 skkn only brought the students joy, passion for the subject, helped them develop independent thinking, confidence, dynamism, creativity , contributing to meeting the requirements of innovation Education is taking place actively today, but more importantly, this technique has helped them improve their speaking skills in English and develop other language skills such as listening, reading, writing, working skills, etc group work and communication skills for students 3.2 Recommendations With the desire to improve the English teaching results of Fansipan Primary and Secondary School, the educational institution where I am directly working to improve in particular and the quality of English of the local educational institutions Thanh Hoa City table in general, I myself have some recommendations as follows: * For Thanh Hoa Department of Education and Training: - Continue to pay attention to and create the best possible conditions for English teachers to have the opportunity to study and improve their professional qualifications by organizing sessions and training sessions for teachers on teaching methods Teaching English to primary and secondary school students - Organize more exchanges, English speaking contests or English forums with the participation of native speakers so that students not only in the inner city but also those in the suburbs have the opportunity to speak English Through these exchanges, the students will be more confident, their English ability will be improved, and they will love the subject more * For Fansipan Primary and Secondary School: Also with the desire that the quality of English subjects will be increasingly high, meeting the school's purpose and orientation to become an international school, I would like to recommend the Board of Directors of Fansipan Education Development Company, the owner In addition, the Board of Directors continues to pay more attention and invest more in facilities such as equipping more physical projectors for teachers to have favorable teaching conditions and for more effective teaching hours * For parents of students: We hope that parents will continue to pay attention and always accompany their children and the school in all teaching and learning activities as well as extra-curricular activities such as the "English Speech Contest", the "Stage culture", English-speaking festivals such as Halloween, Christmas, New year As a teacher, we always want to bring our students really attractive and engaging lessons, create all conditions for them to learn well, thereby improving the quality of learning and teaching The results are getting higher and higher The above are some of the subjective experiences I gathered and gathered during the teaching process with a narrow research scope, short time, and little 14 skkn material, so shortcomings cannot be avoided However, with the aim of improving the quality of education, especially in English, I hope this small study can contribute to improving the speaking skills of junior high school students We look forward to receiving many valuable comments from the Board of Directors Confirmation of the head of Fansipan Primary & Secondary school Tao Ngoc Thanh Thanh Hoa, April 5th, 2021 I certify that this is my initiatives and experiences Pham Bich Phuong 15 skkn REFERENCES 1- Bygate, Martin (1987), Speaking, Oxford University 2- Nunan, David (1989), Designing tasks for the Communicative Classroom, Cambridge University 3- Sanderson, P (1999), Using Dammar in the Classroom, Cambridge University 4- Underwood, M (1987), Effective Class Management- a Practical Approach Long Man 5- Ur P (1996), A Course in Language Teaching Cambridge University 6- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama 7- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dedating 8- http://www.cortland.edu/flteach/flteach-res.html#collections 16 skkn ... effectiveness of applying the ? ?Debating technique? ?? in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School The use of ? ?Debating? ?? in English speaking lessons has brought... the application of the above techniques in the process of teaching and learning English speaking skill for secondary students at Fansipan primary & secondary school Reason for choosing the solution... problemsolving measures 2.2.2.1 Steps to take when using ? ?Debating? ?? in English speaking lessons In order to use the ? ?Debating techinque” in teaching and learning to speak English, to help students