LVA CHON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DE REN LUYfN CAC KY NANG CO BAN CHO SINH VIEN TRONG GIANG DAY HOC PHAN REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU* PHAM THUONG XUYEN NGUYEN THI DIEU PHUONG Trudng Dgi hgc Supham Dgi hgc Hui T[.]
L V A CHON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DE REN LUYfN CAC KY NANG CO BAN CHO SINH VIEN TRONG GIANG DAY HOC PHAN REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU* PHAM THUONG XUYEN NGUYEN THI DIEU PHUONG Trudng Dgi hgc Supham - Dgi hgc Hui Tom tit: De nang cao chit lugng ren luyen cac kj nSng (KN) nghiep vu co ban cho sinh vien (SV) su pham can cd nhieu yeu tl ding bp, song mpt ttong nhimg van de can quan tam la phai xac dinh va lya chpn dirge phuong phap day hpc (PPDH) phii hcrp, hieu qua Moi giang vien (GV) trirc tilp tham gia thyc hien nhiem vu can cin cir vao nhihig co sd sau: Phan tich uu, nhupc diem ciia cac PPDH dl dinh hudng lya chpn PPDH phii hpp vdi timg KN NVSP; Phan tich kha nang ciia cic PPDH theo nhiem vu, nhjp dp va ket qui day hpc; Biet dugc cic ylu tl anh hudng tryc tilp din vi^c lya chpn PPDH phu hpp; Phan tich dudng hinh KN la co sd quan trpng dl xac dinh cic PPDH cho viec ren luyen KN nghiep vu sir pham (NVSP) cd hieu qui I.DATVANDE Nghe day hgc khdng chi can ed kiln thuc chuyen mdn tdt ma phai vung vl cic KN NVSP Ren luyen NVSP vira la hogt ddng rit die thii vira li ylu td ciu chit lugng dio tao cua tradng Dai hgc su phgm (DHSP) Trong dd boat ddng ren luyen NVSP thudng xuyen la nMem vy quan tigng tiong viec dao tao tay nghg eho SV su pham Cd nMeu hinh thuc hogt dgng khac dg ren luyen NVSP thudng xuyen, viec day vi hpc theo hpc phin Ren luyen NVSP thuang xuyin li mdt tiong nhung hinh thiic phd bign Ve mat npi dung, hgc phin Ren luyen NVSP thudng xuyen d cac tradng su phgm diu hinh thinh cho SV cac nhdm KN ca bin sau: Nhdm KN cd tinh chat cong cu cho ngudi gido viin phd thdng: Vigt, ve, trinh bay bang vi ttang tti; dien dgt bing ldi ndi; xay dyng va sir dyng sd tay NVSP Nhdm KN phuc vu cho cdng tdc gidng dgy: NgMgn cihi chuong trinh, kg hoach day hgc; xiy dyng v i sir dyng phuang tien day hpc, inig dung edng nghe thdng tin ttong dgy hpc Nhdm KN phuc vu cho cong tdc gido due hpc sinh: Xii ly tmh hudng su phgm; td chiic sirih boat va boat ddng ngoai khda cho hpc sinh, xim nhip tiiyc tl phd thdng, cdng lac chii nMem Idp De thyc hien tdt cic ndi dung cua hgc phin Ren luyen NVSP thudng xuyen, mgt ttong nhirng giai phap ma mdi GV quan tam dd li viec lya chpn sii dung PPDH nham hinh tiiinh cac KN NVSP co ban cho SV mdt each Meu qui nhit Tap chi Khoa hpc va Giao due, Tnrong E)ai hoc Sir pham Hug ISSN 1859-16l2,S603(19)/20]l:n- 138-143 LUA CHON PHL'ONG PHAP DAY HOC DE REN LUYEN CAC KY NANG CO BAN LUA CHON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DE REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU' PHAM CHO SINH VIEN Trong thuc te dgy hpc ndi chung v i ren luyen NVSP ndi rieng, theo ning luc sang tgo cua ngudi day m i cac PPDH dugc vgn dyng mpt cich linh hogt, da dang va phat huy nhung uu digm cua nd Tuy nMen, sy lya chpn phuang phip mdt cich md mim, cam tinh thudng khdng dem lai kit qui chac chan Cin giii quyet vin dg dua tten CO sd khoa hpc Vi vay, vigc lua chpn PPDH dl ren luyen NVSP cho SV cd ca sd cin phii thyc Men eac nMem vu sau 2.1 Phan tich uu, nhugc dilm cua cac PPDH d l dinh hudng lya chon PPDH phii hop vdi timg KN NVSP Chung ta diu biit ring ttong day hpc khdng ed phuong phap nio dugc coi la van ning, phu hgp vdi mpi ndi dung cung nhu mgi KN cin ren luyen Vin dg la ngudi day can phii bigt lya chgn, phdi hgp nhuin nhuyin cic PPDH tten ca sd hieu rd nhihig uu digm va hgn chi eua moi phuong phap Ngoai ra, phin tich uu, nhuge digm ciia PPDH cdn giiip GV khic phuc nhung hgn ehl va chuin bi tdt hon kM lya chpn phuang phip dl ren luyen KN NVSP cho sinh vign Vi dy: Nhiing uu, nhugc diem ndi bat ciia mpt sd phuong phip cd the van dyng dg ren luyen KN NVSP Bing I Dgc diem cua mpt sd phucmg phdp cd the van di^ngde ren luyen KN NVSP Phucng phip Diing ldi True quan Thyc hanh Phuang phap lam viec dpc lap Uu diem Nhugc digm Truyin lugng thong tin Idn ttong thdi gian ngan Phat ttien tu trim tuong Nang cao hieu qua day hpc nhd CO bieu tugng ro rang Phat trien tu tryc quan hinh tuong Hinh tot cac KN, ky xao Cung CO moi lien h | ly thuyet va thuc tien Hinh nang lyc lam viec dpc lap Ren KN, kj xao thuc hanh Khdng phat trien dugc kinh nghiem ciia hpc sinh Linh hoi kho GV can nhieu thdi gian de chuin bi Can CO dieu kien ve co sd vat chat, mat nhieu thdi gian chuan hi va len ldp Can CO GV hudng din trade nhung van de phuc tap Toe day hpc chgm Dinh hirdng v^n dung Giai dogn hinh kiln thuc ly thuyet ciia KN Giai dogn quan sat mau, bat chudc Giai doan thyc hanh, luyen tip KN Giai doan thyc hanh, luyen tap KN 2.2 Phan tich kha nang cua cac PPDH theo nhiem vu, nhip dd va ket qua day hpc Mdi PPDH cd mdt the manh rieng ttong viec hoan thinh cac nMgm vy dgy hpc Vi viy, ngudi day cin nam dugc ning ciia mdi phuang phip quylt dinh lya chpn phuang phap nao trade nhOng nMem vy cy thi NGUYEN THI DI$U PHLfONG Bang 2, Khd ndng ciia cdc PPDH theo nhiem vu, nhip dp va kit qud day hgc [3] Lo^i P P PPDH Kiin thirc ly thuyit Diing ldi Tryc quan Thyc hanh Tai hien PPnhan Tim kiem thiic cd van de Quy nap PP logic Suy dien Lam viec dpc lap Phumig tien thong tin Nhiem vu ciia dav hoc Ky ndng Tu tri tue, trim thifc hdnh luang Kien thirc thuc hdnh - X X - + + s -r X s X + - -^ X X X + + X X - X Tu tncc quan hinh tugng X X + Nhip d$ day hpc Nhanh TB TB -X X Nhanh -X - X Nhanh Cham TB Cham + + x: T6t +: Kha -: Kem Bing neu len kha ning dgc thii cua mdi phucmg phap Cd the thiy vdi nhigm vu hinh thinh KN tri tue v i KN thyc hanh ttong day hpc ndi chung gin nhu tuong duang vdi nMgm vy hinh thinh cic KN NVSP ndi rieng Do dd, ning lya chpn eac PPDH nhu; tryc quan, thyc hanh, tai Men, quy ngp, lim vigc dgc lip eua ngudi hgc li rit phii hpp Ngoii ra, dl hinh thinh cac KN NVSP cung cin phii thyc hign eic nhiem vy dgy hpc nhu hinh kiln thuc I^ thuylt, hay phii ed hoat ddng tu ttyc quan hinh tugng, ngn ciing khdng thi tMeu nhdm phuang phip dung ldi hay nhdm phuang phap sii dyng phuang tien tryc quan 2.3 Biet dugc cic ylu t6 anh hudng tryc tilp din viec lya chgn PPDH phi) hgp De lya chpn PPDH khdng cM cin bigt kha nang cua chiing mi cdn nim dugc d§c digm ngudi hgc, ning lyc ngudi dgy, tinh hinh tMet bi cua tradng vi quan ttpng han ci Ii muc dich, nhiem vy va ngi dung can hpc Cin xem xet tit ca cac ylu td dd ttong mdi quan he bien chirng Bdi vi mdt PPDH cd thg dem lai hieu qui cao thyc M?n mgt nMem vu day hpc nio Nhung neu ngudi dgy va ngudi hpc dgu khdng cd nang thyc hien phuang phap do, digu kien co sd vat chat cua nhi trudng khdng du thda cac yeu ciu tdi thieu thi vin khdng thg thyc Men dugc Vi du: De van dyng phuang phap thyc hanh luyen tap nham hinh thinh, phit tiien cic KN NVSP cho SV can dam bao cac ygu td sau Bdng Cdc yiu Id dnh hudng den lira chpn PPDH thuc hdnh luyin tgp KN NVSP C i c yeu to anh h u d n g Nhiem vu 2, Npi dung D$c diem ngudi hpc P h u o n g p h a p th^-c hanh luy^n tap KN NVSP D l hinh va phat tri^n KN, ky xao cu the Co npi dung thuc hanh cu the: thyc hien cac bai tap, nhiem vu duoc giao Da dugc chuan bj nhung kien thiic ly thuyet hen quan den KN c i n dat duoc Hinh nhiing kien thiic ly thuyet lien quan den KN NVSP LUA CHON PHUONG PHAP DAY HQC DE REN LUYEN CAC K? NANG CO B.AN Quan sat va nghien ciiu mlu Nim dugc PPDH thyc hanh luy§n tgp KN, co nang lyc Id chirc thuc hanh Dieu kien co sd vat chat CJritltSfiififi KfJfiV^d'V'^J^WS? '^^n thiet Do dd, ren luyen cac KN NVSP la dao tao tay nghe cho SV su pham - nhiing agudi tryc tilp tham gia vio cdng tic d5(E?ih&asđiJigj&/ôtog!pfeiai/ityiwJ(a^^msi?uan tipng ciia vin de ndi tten dl tac dpng, dilu kMin cac ylu td dd theo hudng thi nhit Nang lyc ngudi day 2.4 Phan tich dudng hinh KN la ca sd quan dl xic dinh cic PPDH cho viec ren luygn KN NVSP cd hieu qua KN li kha ning thuc hien cd kit qua mpt hinh dpng hay mdt hogt ddng nao bing each lya chpn va van dyng nhiing tri thiic, kinh nghiem, cich thiic hanh dgng diing dan vao thyc tien Nhu vay, KN bao gid cung xuit phat tir kiln thiic ly tiiuylt, cM bilu hi?n thdng qua mdt ngi dung va dat dugc din ttong qui trinh hgc tap, ren luyen [2] Nhigu tic gia ttong va ngoai nude da dua cic quy trinh ren luyen KN NVSP ndi chung vi KN day hgc ndi ridng, nhung nhin chung dgu cd ba giai dogn chinh Tir dd tuang ung vdi mdi giai dogn GV cd till lya chpn cac PPDH phii hgp nhiem vy ciia tirag giai dogn ciing nhu die digm mdi KN NVSP Giai dogn 1: Hinh thdnh nhiing kiin thirc ly thuyet lien quan din KNNVSP SV dugc linh hpi nhiing kiln thiic vl KN, tten co sd dd hinh thinh nhirng bilu tugng van dpng bao gdm nhihig nhin thiic ve mue dich, iihi?m vy, trinh ty cac dpng tic cin thuc hign [1] Tuang ung giai dogn niy, GV phai dinh hudng, tao ddng ea, nhu ciu hpc tap va trang bi higu bigt ly thuylt cin thilt cho SV Do dd, PPDH chu dgo sii dung d giai doan thudng la cac nhdm phuang phip dimg ldi (thuyet ttinh, vin dap tim tdi, diln giing ngu vin dl ) kgt hgp vdi mpt sd phuang phip khac nhu ihio luin nhdm, su dung tinh hudng day hpc, su dung phuang tien ttyc quan, lim viee dpc lip vdi tai lieu tiiam khao Vi dy; hinh tii^ kign tbiic ly tiiuylt eiia nhdm KN vilt, vg, ttinh bay bang GV cd thi sut dyng cae PPDH thuylt ttmh, diln giang ngu vin dg kgt hgp vdi sir dyng phuong tien tryc quan minh hpa Nhu vgy, ndi dung va nhiem vy d giai dogn la hinh nhung kien thiie ly thuylt tuong ling vdi moi KN NVSP nen vigc lya chpn PPDH kha da dang, linh boat vao ning lyc ciia mdi GV Giai dogn 2: Quan sdt va nghiin ciiu mau NGU^TN THI DIEU PHUONG S\" chuyin tu bieu tugng van ddng (giai doanl) cic vin ddng vat chit nhd sy quan sit, tai Men yi bat chudc mgt each cd y thirc [1] Tuang ung vdi giai doan GV cin trinh dien (bidu dien, ttinh cMeu ) miu cac dgng tic dg ngudi hpc quan sit Hoic GV td ehiic cho S\' quan sit cd dinh hudng cac phuang tien true quan miu (tranh, anh, phim, mau vit, sin phim mau ), ddng thdi cd the ket hgp vdi mdt sd phuong phip bo trg nhu thao luan nhdm, day hpc giai quylt vin dl Vi du: KM ren luyen KN dinh biy bing bing ldi, GV cd thg true tigp bigu diln mau KN vdi mdt npi dung cy thi hoic GV td chirc cho SV quan sit miu mgt sd doan pMm ve cich trinh biy bing ldi mdt ndi dung bai hgc cua hoac giao vien phd thdng khac Tii td chiic thao luan dl nhan xet dinh gia, nit kinh n ^ i e m Giai dogn 3: Thirc hdnh luyen tap K\ \l SP KN dugc hinh din din nhd sy tii Men, lap di lap lgi nMeu lin cic hoat ddng luyen tip ket hgp vdi \"iec phin tich, ty dinh gia va dieu chinh Trong giai doan niy GV cin td chirc thuc hanh luyen tip cho SV Dg qua trinh luyen tip cd Meu qui cin cho S\" Mgu rd muc dich, cich thuc tien hinh mdi boat ddng, tao hirng thii de SV biln nMem vu nhu cau va ty giic tip luyen G\' tang cudng cdng tic Idem tra, trao ddi udn nan thudng xuyen S\' tu Idem tra, dieu chinh dg KN hoan tMen din Sy hinh KN la mdt qui trinh phuc tap, mdt qua trinh ehuyen hda Uen tuc, bien chung Tren thyc te cic giai doan tren khdng thg tach bach, phan cMa cd ranh gidi rd rang Trong kM giai doan bieu Men rd tM da cd mim mdng ciia giai dogn sau ^'i van cdn cic dau in cua giai doan trade Tuy viy, GV can nam mdt each tuang ddi cac giai dogn dg tie dgng PPDH phii hgp vio tiing giai dogn ttong qui trinh hinh KN NVSP eho SV 2.5 \i du minh hpa ve lua chgn PPDH de hinh KN xu K tinh budng su pham chugng trinh hoc phan Ren luyen NVSP thudng xuyen Giai dogn Hinh thdnh kiin thirc ly thuyet ve KN xu ly tinh hudng suphgm Nhihig ndi dung kien thiie ea ban \ e KN xu ly tmh hudng su pham bao gdm: khai niem va ban chit tinh hudng - tinh hudng su pham; nguygn tic chung, yeu ciu vi cac budc cu the xii 1) tinh hudng su pham; cac mdi quan he ttong ling xii su phgm nhu bgc sinh - hpc sinh, hpc sinh - giio vien, giao vien - giao vign, giio \ien - phy huynh; die diem tim ly lira tudi hpc sinh \'di nhung ndi dung ly thuyet niy, ttong khoang thdi gian Ign lop gidi hgn GV cd thi su dung PPDH dimg Idi nhu thuyet trinh, giing giai ngu van de van d ^ hoac lam viec ddc lap vai tai lieu hgc tap va kgt hgp vdi thao luan Giai dogn Nghien cihi dnh huong mau KM thyc Men budc GV cd the xen ke vdi timg ndi dung d giai doan hoac tien hanh sau kM hoan tiiinh cac ndi dung cua giai doan I GV td chuc S\' ngMen ciru mdt vai tinh hudng su pham theo cac kenh Ihdng tin khac (phim hinh ddng, tranh anh md ti tinh hudng, tai lieu kenh chii-, GV md ta tinh hudng qua ldi ndi) Cin luu y la cac tinh hudng miu dugc lya chgn phai dap ung diing nguyen tic v i yeu ciu co bin ciia LUA CHpN PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DE REN LUYEN CAC KY NANG CO BAN 143 mpt tinh hudng su phgm Tilp den GV kit hgp vdi td chuc thao luan dl SV tip phin tich, danh gii, nit Idnh ngMem vi bit chudc each xii ly cac theo tinh hudng miu Giai dogn Thuc hdnh luyen t&p irng xu tinh hudng suphgm GV van dung phuang phip thuc hanh luyen tap eho SV ling xir cac tinh hudng su phgm theo nMlu hinh thiic khic nhim tang cudng hieu qui v i tgo hiing thii cho SV, Mdt sd hinh thiic td chiic thuc hanh: Tap phin tich, nhgn xet, danh gii cic phuang in khic cua mdt tinh hudng Tip xd ly tinh hudng theo nhdm, ci nhin Thi xu ly tiiih hudng giiia cac nhdm KET LUAN Trong thyc tl, cic PPDH dugc sir dyng dg ren luyen KN NVSP ludn quyen vao vd ciing linh boat, da dang, tiiy thupc vio ning lyc mdi GV Khi ren luygn KN NVSP cho SV, GV cin phii ty lya chpn v i thigt kl he thdng PPDH rigng cho timg KN cy the Vin dg la GV cin phai biet lya chpn, phdi hgp nhuin nhuyin cic PPDH ttgn ca sd tinh din cic ygu td inh hudng dg hudng tdi myc tieu cudi cimg la hoan tdt cac nMgm vu hpc tip di dat TAX LitU THAM KHAO [1] [2] [3] Nguyin Van Khdi (2011) Giii phip nang cao nang lyc NVSP cho giio sinh Tgp chi Giflo f/i/c, so 253, tt 2-4 va 12 Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuang (2002) Mpt sd biin phdp hinh thdnh kp ndng day hpc KTTT idp II THPT cho sinh vien khoa Sinh-KTNN DHSP Luin van Thgc sy, Tradng DHSP Ha Noi Thai Duy Tuygn (2008) Phuang phdp dgy hoc truyin thdng vd ddi mdi NXB Giao due Title: SELECTION OF TEACHING METHOD FOR TRAINING BASIC SKILLS TO STUDENTS IN THE COURSE OF "REGULAR TRAINING OF PEDAGOGICAL PROFESSIONAL SKILLS" Abstract: In order to improve the quality of basic skill ttaming for pedagogical students, it needs many synchronous factors One of the important concems is to identify and select appropnate and effective teaching method A lecturer who directly participates in this task should implement the task based on the following bases: Analyzing sttengths and weaknesses of the teaching methods for choosing one suitable to each pedagogical professional skillAnalyzing capability of teaching methods following the teaching task, rate and result; Knowing the factors that directly influence the selection of appropriate teaching methods; Analyzing the path of skill development as an important basis for determination of the teaching methods for effectively ttaining pedagogical professional skill ThS NGUYEN THI DlEU PHUONG Khoa Su pham Ky thuat, Tmdng Dai hpc Su pham - Dai hoc Hui ...LUA CHON PHL''ONG PHAP DAY HOC DE REN LUYEN CAC KY NANG CO BAN LUA CHON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DE REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU'' PHAM CHO SINH VIEN Trong thuc te dgy hpc ndi chung... nang lyc NVSP cho giio sinh Tgp chi Giflo f/i/c, so 253, tt 2-4 va 12 Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuang (2002) Mpt sd biin phdp hinh thdnh kp ndng day hpc KTTT idp II THPT cho sinh vien khoa Sinh- KTNN DHSP... quan he ttong ling xii su phgm nhu bgc sinh - hpc sinh, hpc sinh - giio vien, giao vien - giao vign, giio \ien - phy huynh; die diem tim ly lira tudi hpc sinh ''di nhung ndi dung ly thuyet niy,