LLfA CHON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC NHAM TiCH CUC HOA HOAT OONG N H A N THU''''C CUA NGUOI HOC I Mpt so van dl ly luain Trudc hdt ndi ve phuang phip dgy hpc theo hudng tich cue (dupe diing vdi nghia chii dgng,[.]
LLfA CHON PHUONG P H A P DAY HOC NHAM TiCH CUC HOA HOAT OONG N H A N THU'C CUA NGUOI HOC I Mpt so van dl ly luain Trudc hdt ndi ve phuang phip dgy hpc theo hudng tich cue (dupe diing vdi nghia chii dgng, bogt dgng, trii vdi nghia thu dgng, khdng diing theo nghia trai vdi tidu cyc) la mdt nhdm phuang phap dgy hpc (PPDH) theo budng phit huy tinh tich eye, chu dgng sang tgo ciia ngudi hgc Tinh tieh cue bieu hifn hoat dpng, nhung dd phii Ii nhiing boat dpng chii dpng ciia chil thd Vi viy PPDH tich cyc, thuc chit li cich day hudng tdi vide hgc tip chu df ng, chdng lai thdi quen hpc tip thu ddng Moi phuang phip ddu cd chirc nang didu hinh toin bp qui trinh hogt ddng ciia thiy va tid, nd se quy djnh cich thuc ngudi hpc ehidm ITnh kien thue vi kinh nghifm boat ddng Cd hai cich tinic ehidm linh kien thiic khic nhau: Tai hien ki^n thuc: dinh hudng ddn hogt dpng tai tgo, dugc xay dyng trdn ca sd ngudi hpc ITnh hpi cic tieu chuin, hinh miu cd sin Tim kiim kien thiJc: djnh hudng ddn boat ddng sing tao, din ddn vide "phit minh" kidn thirc vi kinh nghidm hogt ddng Ndu cich mgt chiem uu thdti-ongmpt PPDH cy did nao thi PPDH dd ed thd xem la ittichcue, vi cic kidn thirc cho sin CO thih ip dgt ddi vdi qui tiinh hpc tgp ndn it cd nang kich thich ngudi hpc hogt dpng tu rapt cich thyc sy (chi ghi nhd, tii hifn), ngudi hpe tich cue bat chudc, tii hifn tri thiic p cich thii hai, kidn thiie xuit hien trudc ngudi hpc Ii nhirng dy doan No cd tic dyng gpi y, khuydn khich ngudi hpc ty minh bang cac cich thiic khic (lip luin mpt cich logic, thio luin theo nhdm, lam thi nghidm, sir dyng tai lieu, ) kiem tra dy doan Qui trinh hpc tip didn theo kidu tim kiem, phit hifn, khai thic, bien ddi Ngudi hpc trd thinh chii the hogt dpng tich cue ban (tich cue tim tdi, tich cyc sing tao) Ndu cich hai ehidm uu the mdt PPDH cu thd nao thi PPDH dd cd thd xem li tieh eye Vife su dyng tidi ban cich day hpc nio cdn phy thupe vao sy san sing hpc tap eua ngudi hgc, ndi dung tri thiic cin chiem ITnh vi ci nghd thugt su phgm eiia ngudi dgy niia Tdm lai, ed thd ndi PPDH nio dim bio phdi hgp nhuin nhuydn hai cich day tii hifn vi tim kidm kidn thiic, dd each thir hai ehidm uu the thi vd ea bin PPDH dd cd kha ning tieh cue hda hogt dpng nhan thiic ciia ngudi hpc il Vi du ve lira chon PPDH theo huoTig tich cue hoa ho^t d$ng nhan thirc TS Ngd Thj Bich Thio Hgc vifn Qudn ly gido due cua ngirM hpc: day hgc d^t va giii quyet v^n dl ^ Day hoc dit vi giii quydt vin dd la PPDH, ti-gng dd giio vidn tgo tinh hudng cd vin de, didu khien ngudi hpe phit hidn vin dd, de xuit gii thuydt/ du doan, tu giic, tich cue boat ddng giii quyet van dd, thdng qua dd ITiih hdi tri thiie, phit tridn ky nang vi dgt duac eic mue dich day hgc khic ,[2] Cau tnic mdt bii hgc (hoac mdt phin bii hgc) theo day hpc dat vi giai quydt vin dd thudng nhu sau: l.Datvinde (DVD), xiy durng bai toan nhin thirc a/ Tao tjnh hudng cd van de (cd thd xem bang ghi hinh, video; diing thi nghifm md diu; ke cau chuydn chira dung tinh hudng; dirng tranh inh, bin ve, ) b/ Phit hifn vi nhin dgng vin dd niy sinh c/ Phat bieu^ viri dd can giai quydt hay de xuit cic gii thuydt/du doan Giai quyet van de (GQVD) dat a/ Lap kd hogch giii quyet van dd b/ Thuc bien kd hoach giai Ket luan (KL) a/ Thao luin kdt qui vi danh gii b/ Khang dinh hay bic bd gii thuyet da neu c/ Phit bieu kdt luin d/ Dd xuat vin de mdi Trong dgy hpc ddt vd gidi ^gay nhdn bai 29/02/2013 Ngay duy?l dang 25/04/2013 TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 93 - 05/2013 • i quyet vdn de co the phdn bift muc (tir thdp din cao) tuang irng v&i cdc hogt dgng cua nguai dgy vd ngu&i hgc: - Muc dg I: _+ DVD: Giao vidn dat vin dd + GQVD: Giio vidn neu cich giii quyet vin dd; hpc sinh thuc hiin each giii quyet vin de theo hu&ng ddn ciia giio vidn + KL: Giio vien dinh gii kdt qui lam vifc eiia hpc sinh - Mire 2: + DVD: Giio vidn ndu vin dd ^ + GQVD: Giao vien ggi y de hpc sinh tim cdch gidi quyit vin dd; hpc sinh thiic hiin each giai quydt vin dd vol su giup da cua gido vien (khi cdn) + KL: Giao vidn vi hgc sinh cimg dinh gii - Mire 3: + DVD: Giio vien cung eip thdng tin, tao tinh hudng; hoe sinh phdt hiin vi xdc dinh vin de sinh, tu luc di xudt cic gia thuydt/du doin + GQVD Hgc sinh lua chgn giii phap, thi^c hiin each giii quydt vin dd + KL: Giio vien va hpc sinh ciing dinh gia, khing dmh hay bac bd gii thuydt/dy doin - Muc dp 4: + ^\li: Hgc sinh tu luc phdt hien vdn di niy sinh hoin cinh cua minh hoic cua cgng ddng, lua chpn vdn de phii giii quyet +, GpVD: Hpc sinh gidi quyit van dd + KL: Hpc sinh tu ddnh gid chit lupng vi hieu qui Cd the neu tdm tat vi du minh hga dp dung PPDH dgt vd gidi quyet vdn de (dugc 44 thif-c hipn & muc dp 3) ket hgp sir d^ng phuang tipn true quan doi v&igi&hgc bdi m&i nhu sau: Chii de bii hpc: o nhiem nude / Tgo tinh huong: - Giio vidn eho bpc sinh xem mgt doan bing video: «cii chdt ciia mpt ddng^ sdng» - Trang thii ban diu cua dong sdng: ddng sdng dm dem, ngu din dinh ci nhpn nhip, din ehiing hai bdn bd tam giat ddng vui; - Sau mpt thdi gian bi d nhidm: ving bdng thuydn be, hai bd ben tam ving Cinh dap yio mat la ca chdt ndi ldnh bdnh, khdng them vdt - Giio vidn yeu eau hpc sinh nhin xet sy bien ddi ciia ddng sdng qua dogn bang da xem - Giao vidn yeu ciu hpc sinh ndu vin dd tidn co sd quan sit dogn bing trdn: vi ca chet hing logt? Hpc sinh ndu eae gii thuyet/dy doin ve nguyen nhan ca chdt hing logt Giio vien ghi cic gia thuyet mi hpc sinh neu len bang: + Do danh dd bat ci? + Do ric thii bai bdn bd dd xudng sdng? + Do nude thii sinh boat cua din cu hai bdn bg? + Do nude trdn ddng chiy xudng sdng cd lin phin bdn? Gidi quyet vdn de: - Trdn cd sd cic gia thuydt da ndu, giio vidn ggri y, hudng din hpc sinh thio luin, mdi hpc sinh, nhdm hpc sinh ndu cac ly le dd bio ve gii thuyet ciia minh, bic bd eic gii thuydt khic - Giao vidn cho hpc sinh • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 xem tidp doan bang videp: d phia thupng luu ed mot nhi miy ldn, hing ngiy xi xuong sdng m0t khoi lugng nude thai chua qua xir Iy Diy cd the li nguyen nhan chinh (da sd hgc sinh ddng tinh) lim ca chet nhidu nhu vay vi nhan din khdng dim diing nude sdng niia - Cudc tranh luin ket thiic Ket lupn: Hgc sinh khang dinh nguyen nhin chinh, giio vien cimg hgc sinh kdt luin: + Trong trudng hgp niy nude thai edng nghifp tii nha miy chua qua xu ly da Iam nude sdng bj d nhiem ning + Cin xir Iy nude thii cong nghifp trudc xi xudng sdng hpac dan ddn nai an toin - De cung cd giio vien cd the din them mdt sd sd lieu ve d nhiem nude sdng cic nha miy cdng nghifp ddng hai ben bd; mdt vii vi du vd cic nhi miy da xii Iy nude thai, tdn tigng bio vf moi trudng O vi dy tidn hpe sinh ddc lip, chii dpng giii quyet nhifm vu hpc tip, duge lim vife nhieu han, tim tdi, suy nghT vi thao lugn nhidu ban, giio vidn ddng vai trd ngudi td chiic, didu khien boat ddng nhan thirc cua hpc sinh Noi torn lai, day hpc dat vi giii quyet van de giao vidn dua hoc sinh vio tinh hudng cd vin de rdi ^iiip hoc sinh tu lire giii quyet van de dat Bang cich dd hgc smh vira nam dugc tri thirc mdi, vira nam dugc phuang phip di tdi tri thiic dd, lai viia phat tridn tu tich cyc sing tao vi cd tidm ning van dung tri thiic vio tinh hudng mdi Dgy hgc dgt vi giii quydt (Xem liep trang 47 ) DOANH NGHIEP - SAN PHAM - IHUDNG HIEU nhit sd cie Cdng ty thidt giio dye mim non tip huan chuydn de i m nhge bi giio dye dugc n h i n "Ky Cic cdng trinh nghidn - hf thdng giio trinh da tgo nifm chuang vi sy nghifp ciiu khoa hge dd phuc vy eho dugc net dae thii ridng giio due" ciia Bd Giio dye chuang trinh tip huan ehuyen ciu tnie ngi dung, phuang Dao tgo nhan Ky nidm 60 dd am nhgc cho GVMN nhu nam thinh lap Nginh Giio "Xdy dung ngi dung chuang phip day hge va da khing d^e Mam non- Quydt dinh trinh boi duang kien thuc djnh dupe uy tin thuang hifu so 7049/QD/BGDDT Bd dm nhgc cho GVMN theo qua vifc dugc cic GVMN sir Trudng Nguydn Thidn Nhan tiep can mo-dun", "Xdy dgng dung rpng rii hifn ky 24/11/2006." Cdng ty thidt bj giio dye phuang phdp dgy-hgc dm Phuang chim "Giiip nhgc theo quan diim cong Vin Dire- Hpi vien cd trach ban cdng l i minh thinh nghi gido due", "Sir dung nhiem ciia Hifp hdi Thidt bj cdng" kinh doanh da phuang tien dgy hgc hiin giio dye Viet Nam, da tham dugc chiing minh vdi thyc dgi vdo quy trinh dgy-hgc gia tieh eye, cd uy tin va tidn eiia mdt edng ty kinh dm nhge" da dugc trinh bay hidu qua qui trinh thyc doanh nhac cu tai thj trudng eae hgi thio khoa hgc hien Chucmg trinh "Tap huin giao dye Viet Nam Khi cie eiia cic Trudng Cao dang su chuang trinh tip huin cua phgm Trung LTong 1, 2, v i chuyen de am nhac cho GV V.C.M.S da tao dupe uy tin tai Vifn Khoa Hge Giio due MN" sudt hai muai nam qua; va dupe cie eo sd giio due Vift Nam da la ca sd khoa gdp phan dang ke thinh ling hd thi ddng thdi nhgc hge de V.C.M.S bidn soan tuu ma Chuong trinh da mang cy Casio ciin^ da ehidm ITnh thinh hf thdng giio trinh lai cho nganh GDMN qude dugc thj phin nginh dinh cho cic chuong trinh gia LUA CHON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC , (•• D theo trang 45) van de khdng chi gidi ban d nginh v i cie giao vidn khac sa theo chuang trinh CDSP phgm trii PPDH Vide i p dyiig van dung v i o bii day rapt m&i, Dy an dio tao giio vidn d^y hpc dit va giii quydt van each linh boat, phii hpp vdi Trung hpc co sd, Bd Giio dye de ddi hdi cii tao c i ngi dung, ddi tugng day v i D i o tgo (2007) ddi mdi cich td chiic q u i Summary: Tai lifu tham khao trinh day hpc mdi lidn Based on System of a quan thdng nhit vdi PPDH Luu Xuin Mdi, Ly ludn number of methodological active Thyc tien day hpc cho day hoe dai hge, NXB Giio problemstheory teaching, this article provides ihiy khdng cd PPDH n i o tdi due H i Npi (2000) uu hay cd k h i nang tieh cue Phan Trpng Ngp, Dgy an example ofthe selectionof hoa boat dpng nhan thirc cua hpc vd phuang phdp dgy hgc teaching methods order of ngudi hpc mpt cich tuydt ddi nhd tru&ng^ NXB Dgi activating learners' cognitive MSi phuang p h i p ddu cd k h i hpc su phara Ha Ndi (2005), activities: teaching methods nang tich cyc hda hoat ddng Trin Thi Tuydt Oanh leamingand problem solving nhin thiic cua ngudi hpc d (chil bidn), tgp the tic gii, support of the visual media; khia c^nh hay khia cgnh Gido trinh Gido due hpe, Tip raised structure of a lesson khie ndu ngudi day van dung I, NXB Dai hoc su phgra H i (orpart of a lesson) apply teacbingand problem solving, chil dpng, sing tgo theo Ndi (2007) ' nf i dung hpc t i p eu the Vdi Tap the tic gii: Trin B i the different levels when each tiep can nhu trdn, chimg Hoinh, Nguydn Ba Kim, L i m usingthat method, in orderto tdi hy vpng bii vidt se la til Quang Thifp Doi m&i npi improve the efficiency of lifu tham k h i o tdt cho giao dung vd phuang phdp ddo the use of active teaching vien thupc ITnh vuc chuyen tgo gido viin Trung hgc ca methods TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC • SO 93 - 05/2013 • 47