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TICH Gin; HOAVAITRilBANflOCHOC SINH DANTOC IT NGIiTJiYNGIIYflJ TRONG Glil HOC TAG PHAM VAN GHlMNG fl TRUNG HOG PHO THONG '''' TilKIEN THUG NEN GJiANGUifl HOG ThS LETH! THAO'''' Ngay nhgn biiv 14/04/2016; ng[.]
TICH Gin; HOAVAITRilBANflOCHOC SINH DANTOC IT NGIiTJiYNGIIYflJ TRONG Glil HOC TAG PHAM VAN GHlMNGflTRUNG HOG PHO THONG ' TilKIEN THUG NEN GJiANGUifl HOG ThS LETH! THAO' Ngay nhgn biiv 14/04/2016; sua chua: 20/04/2016; ngdy duy?t dang: 20/04/2016 g Abstract: Positive of the reader's role based on their background in leaming literature is necessary in consistent with the scientihc basis, characteristics and practical disciplines of education, especially for ethnic minority students in Highland where learning conditions are poor In the article, the author emphasizes measures to raise students' background knowledge in the process of receiving literary worlis •, Keywords: Enhancing, student readers, background knowledge I.Oatvande Tich cue hda vai trd cua ngudi hpc ludn la dinh hudngvacunglamuctieu cua mgi cdng cupc dd'imdi giaoducnhatlakhi'hudngden hinh thanh,phat trien nang luc cua ngudi hpc, Ooi vdi day hgc NgO'van, dae biet la tac pham van chuong (TPVC), tich cue hda ngudi hpc ehinh la viec tich cue hda vai trd ban dgc hpc sinh (HS) qua trinh tiep nhan (TN) van chuffng Trong qua trinh nay, viec HS dua tren kien thdc nen cung vert su hudng d i n cua giao vien (G V) de tu kie'n tao y nghia cho van ban, bien van ban tac pham (TP) la dudng ben vung, phu hgp vo^ nhieu cff sd khoa hpe va thuc tien cung nhU cd gia trj nhan van cao dep, Td do, HS hinh thanh, phattrien nangjuc ban than nhu nang lue cam thu, hgp tacgiao tiep ;tuythde, tuphat trien vahieu hon vethegidixung quanh mptcach chu dpng, tich cue Ngoai ra, huy dpng kie'n thdc nen deTN TPVC khdng chigiLtpHStoJ'tin,chudpng hon hpc tapmacdn tgo cho eac em niem yeu thich mdn Ngtlvan, ket ndi van chuong vdi cuoc ddi 2.Npidunq Kien thdc nen dugc cac nha nghien cdu tren the gidi su dung vdi nhieu thuat ngu khac (nhu: Schema^, prbrknowledge background knowledge) duoc hieu la loan bp hieu biet, la tat ca nhdng gi ma mgtpanhan dachiem linh, dupc luu gidtrong nao bp, la ketqua cua nang luc bam sinh va kinh nghiem tich luy dugc (Kant 1781, cited in Sowa 1984; Chomsky 1986; Piaget 1951 Cited in Clark 1975); kie'n thdc nen (Prior knowledge) la nhung cai ma mdt ngudi nao ddbietvethegiaxung quanh (Marzano, 2014; Stevens, 1980; Biemans va Simons,1996) la toan bp kien thuc mangudihpocddUffctrong mdltrudnghoc tap deTN nhdng kien thdc mdi; Dochy vaAlexander (i 995) cho ring kie'n thdc nen (prior knowledge) la toan bg kien Wide cua mpt ngudi, bao gom ca ki^n thuc dupc^the hien ra/kien thdc tudng minh va kisn thdc tiem an (tacit knowledge), sieu nhanfliucvakier thdc quan niem (conceptual knowledge) HS dan tdc j t ngudi (DTIN) Tay Nguyen c6 nhdng han che nhat dinh, nhung cae em cung sd hdu nhdng thuan Id rat d i e dung trongTN TPVC ma khdng phai d l dang cd dupc Nd'u GV cd bien phap phu hpp se phat huy duoc cac kha nang cua HS viec T N T P 2.1 Huy dgng kien thtic nen cua HS DTIN Tay Nguyen de khoi dgng gid hoc 2.1.1 Khoi dong gid hgc tCtn'dm yeu thich vaij ;]g/?e Ci/atfS Vdi themanh cua HSDTIN,cac em fjl yeu thich van nghe, bUdc vao gid hgc TPVC HS dang dtrang thai tan man, de dua cac em trove mot mpi quan tam chung dong thcri tao khdng khisoinoi bit dau cho gid hpc, GV edthe khuyd'n khich motsfi em tham gia tietmuc van nghe, cdthllahat,docdan ca cua dan tpc minh, hoac ndi mpt cau ndihay.bong bay ma em thudng the hien cac buoi sinh hoat van hda van nghe d dia phUffng, d cSu lac bg oua tardng cd ndi dung lien quan den bai hpcMacdii'ti/ti va ngai giao tiep, nhung neu G V biet khuyen khich, phat huy sd trudng van nghecua cac em thi'HSseral tunhien.nhiettinh Cach lam ratphilhopvcdtap ii HS dan tpc cung nhu dac diem ddi song van hba cua cac em bdi vi du d nha hay dtrudng ngi tru, buoi * Sd Giao dgc - €ao t^o tiiA Dak Uk 461 Tap chi Giao due so 382 (ki2-5/2016) toi cac em thudng duoc tao dieu kien sinh hoat van hda tap trung Chang han, day bai "Aidadatten cho dong sdng^ cua Hoang Phu Ngpc Tudng GV khdi ddng n h u s a u : T c h u c c h o H S tham gia mgt trd chffi nhd bang each: chia day ban dpi; GV yeu cau HS: Trong vdng phut hay ke t6n nhdng bai hatve Tay Nguyen cd ten ddng sdng; sau ggi dgi dien tdng nhdm d e k e ( v i d u HS se kebai SonpDikrdng mua xuan veco sonqQakrong, Anh muon saig ben em trgn ddi co sdng Xe xan, Co gai vdt chong cd sonp Ba ); G V khoi goi them de HS mieu ta vai net vean tuong ddng sdng que huong minh, t d d d b i t y dediyaobai mdi 'Aidadatten cho dong song" Bing suho trffcua edng nghethong tin, GVcung cd the sddung eac trich doan bai hat, ten cac nhac pham, goi nhac ve kien thdc nen cua HS degiup lip huy ddng nhflng gi da cd cho viec TN bai hgc mdi 2.1.2 Kh& dgng gid hoc ft> von hieu biit cua HS vecac nhan vatanh hiing oTayNguyen.BonQbao DTIN Tay Nguyen cd net dac trung dang luu y dd la su kinh trpng tuyet dd'i danh cho nhdng ngudi anh hungcdcdngvdibotpcban lang,dat nudc(dieu bit nguon td sutham nhuan su thi Tay NguySn, vdi nhung ban anh ca ndi tiaig) Chinh vi vay, dong bao DTIN thudng n h i c nhd em minh ludn nhd vahpo tap tam guong nhiSig vj anh dan tgc Tdvon hieu bietva niem t i n n a i ; c u a H S , G V c d t h e huy dong, sddung, tao tam the'TN de giup cac em tim hieu, t i ^ can ve nhung nhan vat anh hay cac sang tac dam chat anh ca, so cac TPVC d n h a tnidng Vldu.khdiddn^baihgc rd/on^rcuaPham Ngu Lao.GV b i t dau bang viec yeu cau HS keten nhung ngudi anh vung dat Tay Nguyen ma cac em biet (HS se ke ve No Trang Long, Dinh Nup, Y Ng6ng, )GVgffiytiepdeHS CO thephathiai nhflng cau nra,hanh ddng an tuong nhatcua eac em ve mgt so nhung ngucri anh dd Td day, ngudi day ket noi gifla niem tu hao, an tupnp sau s i c ve nliung anh hi>ig lam rang danh manh dat Tay Nguyen ftai ^m H S vdi biet bao nhflng ngudi vTdai, nhung khatvpng manh liet khac Cung nhu NoTrang Lcmgvdichienthuat'llketminh gia", ngudi trai Pham Ngu Lao da cd ndi tiien tdbao nhieu nam trudc khien chung ta phai nghieng m inh kinh phuc 2.1.3 Khdi dgng gid hgc bang viec sddtjng cac phuang ^n day htx hien daide phat huy die diem tu duytrtJC quan cua HS D TIN TayNguyen.Bonq bao DT!N Tay Nguyen hay di len nuffng, lam ray, chan de, hai cui, Viec phac hpa dudng net don gian de ghi (ki2-5/2016) nhddudngdihoacvedudngnettrendatmdikhican suy nghT van de gi dd da trd thdi quen h l n g Tdthuc te nay, G V cd the van dung de ket hop vdi cac phuong tien kTthuat day hoc hien dai nhim khffi gpi hdng thu, phat huy tri tudng ft/png cua HS budc vao TN TPVC Trong dieu kien kinh te khd khan cua vung nui, d a i trudng, cac em HS dan tpc mdi cdcohpidupc tiep xuc vdi cdng nghethong tin, duoc G V cung e ^ nhflng hinh anh, nhflng ttiudcphim vethien nhien, cuoc song vacon ngudi cae em cam thay het sue hdng thu, phan khdi Bing nhflng hinh anh, am thanh, mau sic tnJ2 quan sinh ddng, cac phuong tien kTthuat hien da cd the tac dgng cung mdt luc vao nhieu giac quan cua HS, khien cac em tap taingchuy, tam gatnhflng mdi quan tam ca nhan de budc vao bai hgc Vi du: Khi day bai "Tay Tien "cua Quang Durig, vdi s u h d tro eua cdng nghe thdng tin, GV suu tam va cung cap cho HS qua man hinh chieu nhflng hinh anh nhu: Ban dja danh, hinh anh vung nui diep tmng cua Tay B i c , hinh anh ddng sdng Ma, hinh anh eac chien sThanh quan, doan phim tulieu vdi bai hat "Doan ve qud'c quan" cua nhac sT Phan Huynh Dieu Tuy nhien, khdng phai vao gid hpc G V da dua nhflng gi da chuan bj len man hinh vatrinh chieu cho HS,maphathuy vai trd chu ddng tich cue cua cac em, G V khdi ddng bat dau td chinh HS Cu the, G V yeu cau HS lua chgn, tudng tuong va phac giay hinh anh nui trung diep, hinh anh sdng, hinh anhbg ddi hanh quan (HS cd the ve mpt song bang hai net ve, ve nui diep tnJng b i n g netve, hinh anh doan quan bing nhieu net ve ); tiep den GV yeu cau cae em cam bde tranh va md ta theo tri tudng tupng cua minh, tren CO sd do, GV eung cap them nhflng chat lieu true quan sd'ng ddng tren man hinh de'HS cung cam nhan, dua HS vao khdng van chUffng cua bai 'Tay Tien" 2.1.4 Kh^'dong gid hoc td vdn hieu bietcua HS vevan hoa dan gian Tay Nguyen Van hda dan gian Tay Nguyen ludn cdmdtsdc he^ din,dpc dao rieng, khien nhflng len vdi vung dat cao nguyen deu yeu men va say me Dd la nhflng nguon kien thdc quy bau, la vdn sdng hanh trang cua mdi HS The manh se phat huyhieu qua neu GVvan dyng de khdi ddng, tao tam the'TN choHSkhihgcTPVC.Doi vdi HS DTIN cac trudng phd'thdng dan tdc npi tru lai cang cddieu kien thuan Igi de thuc hien hinh thdc nay, vi dtrudng cac em duffc trang bj cac loai nhac cy: chieng niirn, chieng bang, dan tre, dan ong, dan da ; cac Ioai trang phuc cua dan tde Day chinh la Tap chi Giao due so 382 47 nhtmg cong eu tn/e quan h6 trcf tieh cue cho hoat dongkhoidong ' Vi du: Khi hoc "Chien thang va Mtao Mxay" (Inch SiithiBam San), GV hi/ong dan HS chuan bj mgt vai cai chieng, mot vai bg trang phuc, vathem mgt it dung eu l(hae Khil