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ffl N G H I E N C D U U U I A N B O N CAP BO TUDNG TAG GlffA NGU0I HOC NGlTfill HOC TRONG TO CHllfC DAY HOC 6 DAI HOC TA QUANG TUlM Truang Biio tao, Btfl dUSm eta I f , c6ng chflc B| N(l q Email tuanr[.]
ffl NGHIENCDUUUIAN BON CAP BO TUDNG TAG GlffA NGU0I HOC - NGlTfill HOC TRONG TO CHllfC DAY HOC DAI HOC TA QUANG TUlM Truang Biio tao, Btfl dUSm eta If, c6ng chflc - B| N(l q Email: tuanr*$eiRlM*ieralioe.nm.n Tdm tit Xu hudng phdt trien eua xd hdi hifn dai ddi hdi ddi ngu hgc viin dgi hge sau tdt nghifp khdng chl ti ndng luc nghi nghifp md cdn phdi ed ndng Itfc ttiiehtfng.Viic td chdc dgy hgc dtfa vdo tUdng tde ngUdi hgc • ngudi hg dgi hgc giup ngUdi hge ehu ddng,tichctfc, chia si trao dSi, hge tdp Idn vd tuang tde nhiiu vai trd khdc nh Bdi viit ndy di cdp vi bdn chdt eua dgy hoc dtfa vdo tuang tde ngui^ hgc - ngUdi hgc; phdn tieh tdng thi bdn cdp df tutmg tdc gitfa ngUdi hgc vdi tiong hoc tdp ddgi hoc ldm cO sd di hlnh thdnh cdc cdp di nhdn thdc khdc eung rim cde kindng vd thdi dd tuang dng tiong hgc tip Trong xu hudng ddo tgo theo tfn chiphS biin ddgi hge hlfn vifc dp dung b6n edp dg tuang tde giup ngUdi dgy thiit kiduge cdc muc tiiu hge tdp theo tin chl, ddng thiri thiit fclcdchog; ding hoc tfp cua ngudr hpc nhdm kiim sodt vd ddnh gid ndng Itfc hge tdp ddc ldp vd phdl hgp cda ngUdI hge md truimg hge tdp khdc Tdkhia: Td ehtfc day hoc dgi hgc qud tiinh tuang tdc (Nhdnbdingdy01/ll/2016:Nhdnkitqudphdnbifnvdchtnhstfangdy20/12/2016;Duyftddng ngdy 25/02/2017) 1.0ft v i n d l Xu hudng phit triln eiia x i hdi hifn dgi ddi hdi sinh vi^n dgi hpc (OH) sau tdt nghifp v i bude v i o thj trudng lao dfng khdng chi cd ning lyc (NL) nghf nghifp m l edn phii ed NL thich flng trudc sy phit triln cCia x i hfi nhu NL xfl II thdng tin, td chflc v i quin If, giao tilp v i difu phdi eic mdi quan hf cua ngudi, xfl II khflng hoing, huln luyfn d f i ngu td ehfle, hpc t | p (HT) sudt ddi Diy I I d e NL x i h f i quan trong, d n thilt ddi vdt bit kl hpc vl^n nio Nft dung dgy hpc (DH) dDH ed nhiing n^t khic bift so vdi Ijic hpc khic, bao gdm hf thdng tri thfle co b i n , CO sd, chuyfn nginh v i tri thfle edng cu phyc vu cho vifc linh hdi tri thfle Bfn egnh dd, diy l i hf thdng nhflng kT ning (KN), kl xio v l nghi nghifp tucmg lai cung nhU KN ty hpc ty nghifn cflu cfla ngudi hpc; I I hf thdng nhflng kinh nghifm hogt dfng (HD) sing tgo; hf thdng nhflng quy phgm v l thii dd xiic cim ddi vdi tU nhifn, x i hfi, ddi vdi ngudl khic v i bin thin Qui trinh DH dOH l i q u i trinh tuong tic (TT) gifla HD cua ngudi dgy v i ngudi hpe; i i q u i tilnh td chflc nhin thfle cd tinh chit nghifn cflu v i cd nhflng nft dfc dio efla ngudi hpe Oilu niy cd nghTa l i tiln hlnh HO HT, sinh vi^n khdng chi cd NL nhln thfle thdng thudng m i edn tiln hinh HO mang tinh chit nghiin cUu Sinh vien phii tilp thu mdt eich sing tao, ed p h i phin dtrinh dd cao nhflng hilu bilt v l nhflng KN CO b i n cfla nghi nghifp tuong lai Vi t h i , HD nghifn cflu khoa hpc l i bf phin hflu co vdi q u i trinh niy Thyc tifn td chflc DH d DH tgi Vift Nam cho thiy, vifc hlnh thinh NL cho sinh vi§n ehu ylu dya vio q u i trinh tmyln dgt mft chtlu, tryc tilp tfl ngudi day d i n ngudi hpe m i chua tnj trpng dfn HDTT cua ngudi hpc Thyc ufn niy bj Inh hudng bdi DH tmyfn thdng, dd t i p tmng vio mdi quan hf thdy - trd nhln manh vat trO Clia ngudi thiy Mdi quan hf trd - trd chua ducje chfl 78 •KHU HOC GlAo l^tC y nghifn cflu siu v i v f n dyng v i o thyc tifn DH dya vio tuong t i c ngudi hpc - ngUdi hpc (DHDVTT NH-NH) dDH giflp ngudi hpe cd t h i chfl ddng, tich cyc, ehia sl, trao ddi, HT l l n v i TT nhilu vai trd khie Do dd, eic NL nghi nghifp v l d e NL x l hdi quan trpng, cin t h i l t khie dupe phit triln DH DVTT NH-NH dUpe t i f p cfn co b i n dya trin xl hdi hpc Vi viy,TT nguiA hpc - ngudi hpc chju sy ehi phfii cfla eic dfc trflng m i TT x i hdi dUa d i n qui trlnh HT v i phit triln NL Trong b i i v i l t niy, chflng tdl muf n gidi thifu v l b i n chit efla DHDVTT NH-NH; phin tkh tdng t h i bdn d p ddTT giiia ngudi hpc - ngfldi hpc HT d DH, i i m co sd d l hlnh thinh d c d p dd nh^n thi^c khic cung nhu cie KN v i t h i i dd tuong flng H\ Diy l i nhfltig co sd quan trpng d l tgo nhOtig djnh hudng td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH dOH B i n c h i t cCia day hpc dya v i o tUcfng t i c ngilM hpc - ngudi hpc dai hoc DHDVTT NH-NIH l i " q u i trinh thye hifn d c T T c i chflc ning DH nhim kfch thfch, niy sinh v i dilu chlnh cie tuong t i c cd chflc ning MT giiia ngudi hpe vdi theo myc tifu DH d l DHOVR NH-NH l i eleh tilp eln td chflc DH, t f p trung v i o vife phit huy d c TT glfft ngudi hpc vdi nhim dat dupc myc tifu DH d l Trong eich t i l p cin niy, ngUdi dgy phii td chflc cic HD DH nhim l i m niy sinh TT giOa ngudi hpe, phit triln, trt v i k i t thuc ed k i t q u i theo y dd DH d l Trong DHDVTT NH-NH, ngudi dgy khdng chl t i c dOng tiflc tilp d i n el nhin ngudi hpc m i edn t i c ddng v i o mdl tiUdng TT (MTTT) gifla ngudi hpc - ngfldi hpc nhim niy sinhTT gifla hp, ddng thdi tilp tue t i c ddng v i difu khiln dcTT dd nhim dgt dupe myc tifu DH di DHDVTT NH-NH cd eic die trung eo b i n sau: - Li DH t i p trung v i o q u i trinh kich thich v l dHu chlnh d e tie ddng qua lgi gifla d e chfl t h i ngfldi hpc NGHIEN COU Li LUAN Q iA - Li DH t i p trung v i o q u i trinh iS chflc chia sf v l t h i o luin gifla d c hu t h i nguiA hpe vdi - Li DH TT phat trien, dd )H tao d c tinh hudng l i m niy inh va dieu chinh TT, tao nfn sy ihu hop vdi mflc dd nhin thfle d ndi chfl t h i nguM hoc dua ngudi ygc din viA "vung p h i t triln gan" nhin thfle va tao n^n ddng l\K cua q u i trinh p h i t triln nhin Ihflc - Li DH phit huy tdi da d c TT cd chflc ning HT v i hudng d i n d c TT cd tinh ddng d i n g giu:a d c chu t h i ngudi hpc vdi - Li DH hudng d i n phit trien NLtoin difn cho ngUdi hpc d l budc vio lao ddng nghf nghifp, l i DH thda d c muc tilu cd tinh chit tieh hpp phit triln NL cfla ngflW hpc - Li DH phit ^ I n v i khdng TTtruc tiep vj /f thupc gidi hgn cie myc tifu HT sing tgo TT tr\K liep »ii phv ihupc lan nhau: N^ dung, phucmg phip hinh thfle, TTgian tiep: ^ phuang t i f n DH l i da dang v l TT tinmg thupc ^ khuyin khfch sy chu ddng, tfeh cUc td chflc HD HT v i t y nghiin cflu cua Hinh 1: Md hlnh dinh hudng td ehde DHDVTT NH-NH dDH ngudi hpc - Li DH cd mye tilu HT md, linh t h i k h i c X^t d gde dd nhin thde ngudi hpc ehua du k h i hogt v i phil hpp vdi vifc c i t h i hda q u i tiinh HT cfla ning tU nhin thfle ehua t h i nhln thfle dung, du eic n f i ngudi hpc dOH dung HT m i phii dua vio tri thfle thdng tin tfl t l i lifu v i Bdn c i p dd ttfcmg t i c gi&a ngudi hpc - ngfldi phUOTig t i l n HT ngudi hoc khic v i tfl ngudi dgy cung hpc hpc t f p fr dai hpc dp Trong mflc ddTT niy, ngudi hpc khdng dfl vdn kifn Trfn CO sd t i m li hpc x i hdi hpe cua DHOVTT NH- thfle d i ty nhfn thfle v i d i p Igi (phin hdi lai) cic phflong NH; CO sd ii iufn DH DH; phin tfch vf MTTT v i die bift tifn thdng tin v i d c ehu the khie HT Ndi d c h xem xft TT ngUdi hpc - ngUdi hpe quan h i vdi kiiie, nguiri hpc cd mfle dp ehii ddng I I thip nhft ngudi dgy DH, chflng tdi d l xuit bdn d p dd TT nhin thfle eung nhu d c h thUc td chflc q u i trinh nhln cOa ngudi hpc - ngudi hpc td chflc DH (Hlnh 1) Md thdc cua b i n thin Wnh niy phin i n h xu hudng v i n ddng logic efla d c TT Trong Hinh 1, tam giie (Al, B1,C1) mifu t l mfledd DH, tflTT cd tfnh chflc ning day d i n TT ed chflc TT If thupe tich cflc vdi mdi quan hf tucmg flng eua chfl ning hpc phti hop vdi quan hf lifn ei nhin gifla ngfldi t h i nguiri hpc vdi d c chfl t h i khic v i mdi trudng hpc vdi v i vdi ngudi day Oiy l i md hlnh tdng t h i HT MUc dd TT If thudc nhim giup cho ngUdi hpc nhan djnh hudng v i chi dao td chflc OHDVTT NH-NH d DH bilt, nhd tn thfle va thdng tin ndi dung HT eung Theo dd, td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH phii hudng v i o phit nhu phucmg phap tilp d n tuong flng triln cac mflc dd nhin thfle eua ngudi hpe theo hUdng O l td chflc tdt DHDVTT NH-NH d mUc dd niy, ngfldi ting d i n tif mflc dd Lf thudc - Phy thufc l i n - Ope dgy khdng chi t i c ddng d i n d nhln ngudi hpe m i cdn l|p - Tuong thudc Od l i sy vfn ddng ed tinh ddng t i m t i c dpng vio mdi quan hf v i MTTT lifn c i nhin nhim tii ngoii, t i n g d i n theo mflc dd chfl ddng TT l i m niy sinh TT cd ti'nh if thupe tich cue giiia ngudi hpc ngudi hpc - ngudi hpe DH Ngupe lat, ngUfri day se vdi v i vdi n g u ^ dgy Ngoii d c chfl thf ngudi giim d i n mflc dd can thifp td chflc nhln thfle cua hpc edn If thude vio mdi trudng chfla thdng tin (die ngudi hpc Oiy l i bdn c i p d f T T gifla ngudi hpc vdi bift l i t i i lifu v i phucmg tifn HT vdi miy tinh, mgng DH Chflng tdi xin md t l sfl v i n ddng dd theo cic Internet phin mfn cdng nghf HT) Cin vin dung mflc mfledd nhu sau: ddTT niy td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH ngudi hoc 3.1 Mdt M tuang tdc li thuic b i t d l u nhln thfle mdt dem vj tri thfle mdi ed b i i Mfle dd TT if thupc cua ngudi hpc l i mflc dd TT hpc thip nhit v i cd cudng dd y l u nhit cua chfl t h i ngudi Trong thue t i l n td chflc DH, tinh da dgng eua hpc td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH, dd ngudi hpc chfl t h i v i NL nhln thfle cfla ngUdi hpe nhdm HT, bi chi phdi bdi d c tic ddng mdt chilu tfl phfa d e ciifl Idp hpc l i khic Vi vgy, tnidc b i i hpc b i t Sdl37-THAW2/2017>71 NBHitNCOniULU^ •^J dlu, ngudi dgy d n nhan difn v i phin ioai NL nhin thfle nhln difn, nhd, d i l n dgt kiln thfle dfldi d c hlnh thifc vf ridi dung HT d mdi el till ngudi hoc Trfn CO sd dd, thdng tin cfla mdi d n h i n ngudi hpc nhf ntiiiklt ngudi dgy td chflc TT If thudc eua ngudi hpc theo cie khic Vl viy, ngudi dgy c i n cd vai trd l i trpng tildj d p dd t i n g d i n theo dd khd cfla nhin thfle; tfl sfl I I thdng nhit bilu dgt kiln thflc cfla ngfldi hpc mft dch thudc tich eye vio t l i lifu v i phucmg tifn thdng tin d i n don nghia, khich quan di p h i n I n h b i n chit cua tri thdc d e thinh vifn khic nhdm HT v i d i n ngudi dgy b l i hpc Cic chu t h f ngudi hpc cd vai trd cua "Ngudi h ^ Vifc td chflc OH dya vio TT If thudc tieh cyc theo quy t i e " (Co-operator), hpp tie d l hai b f n cflng dgt din miJt trinh gdm bude: (1) Ngudi hpc If thudc vio t i i lifu v i dd nhln difn v i nhd dung b i n chit, khich quan ciia tii phucmg tifn thdng tin; (2) Ngudi hpc If thudc vio cie thfle cd ndi dung b i i hpc Qui trinh phy thufc Un thinh vien khic nhdm HT; (3) Ci nhin ngUdi hpc giua d c chu t h i nguiA hpc l i q u i trinh tich liiy din If thupc vio ngudi day Vi vgy, ngUdi dgy d n thift k l ndi (nhd) cie thdng tin v l tri thfle d l l i m cd sd giup nguM dung HT thdng qua eie nhifm vy v i tinh hudng HT ed hpc t y nh|n thfle, tgo tri thfle cho b i n thin Qui tilnh tfnh vtfa sfle ddi vdi nguifi hpc va theo d c d p dd d i xic niy chuin bj dfla hp dat d i n mdt trgng t h i i ehu dfng hoin toin giii quylt nhifm vy HT, chflng tdl ggi djnh Kit thuc mflc dd TT If thude mdi d nhin ngUfri trgng t h i i niy l i "TT ddc l$p" hpc d f u nhln thfle d mflc d f thip (chu y l u l i nhin bift 3.3 Mde M tuang tic a^l^ip v i nhdi d e tri thfle v i thdng tin ndi dung b l l hpc Mflc ddTT ddc Ifp l i mflt dd chfl t h i ngUdi hQc chtj theo d c h chfl quan eua mlnh Vifc bilu dgt kiln thfle ddng hoin t o i n TT, nhim t h y t hifn cic nhifm niy d mdi c l nhin ngUdI hpc dudi eie hlnh thfle thdng vy HT m i khdng d n cd b i t ki sy hd tn? nio tfl phia ck tin v i bilu tupng tif nhd l i khic Vi viy, Iflc chfl t h i khic v i mdi trudng b f n ngoii Qui trlnh TT niy s l xuit hifn nhu d u khich quan v i ehfnh xle hda niy cdn dype xem nhu q u i trinh "Giao t i l p bfn trong* kiln thfle m i hp thu dupe so vdi tri thfle tfl ndi dung b i i (Intrapersonal Communication) hoic "Ndi tuong tic* hpc; ddng thdi xuit hifn nhu d u trao ddi thdng tin l i n (Intrapersonal Interaction); l i q u i trinh "Sifu giao tifp" gifla nguiri hpc v i cic chu t h i khic HT Lfle hay "Giao t i l p vdi chfnh mlnh" Trgng t h i i (hay mflc dO) niy, TT phy thufc lln bit d l u xuit hifn TT dfc Ifp l i hf q u i t i t y l u m i mflc dd 'phy thufc lln nhau" dua din, mdi c i nhin ngudl hpe d i nhfn dl^n 3.2 Mdc df> tuang tic phg thu^c lin Nlu nhu mflc dd TT If thude phin Inh quan hf If v i nhd diy dfl tri thfle ed ndi dung b i i hpe (hay II thudc tfch eye ctia ngudi hpe vdi d c chii t h i khic v i thdng tin v l til thfle) d l t i f p tye glii quylt nhifm vi^ HT vdi t i i lifu, phuong tifn HT thi mfle dd TT phy thufc l l n d i t NhCmg thdng tin niy d i dupc thdng nhit dufl phin i n h quan hf phy thudc tich eye lln d c bilu dgt (hay hlnh thfle thdng tin) miic df TT gifla d c chfl t h i ngudi hpc v i vdi ngudi day Trong trgng phy thudc l i n v i dupe luu gid (nhd) tri nhd thii TT niy, eic chfl t h i ngudi hpc d l u d n nhln bift v i cfla ngudl hpc bing d e bilu tupng mdi TT mi^c nhd mft d c h trpn v?n, chfnh xic d e tii thfle cd d f niy cd tfnh ehit khic bift so vdi cAc mflc df khic n f i dung bll hpc Oilu niy thfle diy sy chia s l d c kiln I I nd dupe diln "MTTT giin tilp qua d c bilu thfle d i nhfn thfle dflpc (hay tri thfle d i nhln bift, nhd tupng" Oiy l i mdi tnidng b f n chfl t h i chfla dyng duoc tfl n f i dung bii hpc) v l d c ngudn thdng tin khic cic TT gifla hai hf thdng cic b i l u tupng d i cd trf eho gifla ngudi hpc Qui tilnh niy nhim giup nhd (bilu tupng efl) v i cie bilu tflpng mdi hlnh thinh ngudi hpc nhjn bilt v i nhd tri thfle b i i hpc trpn v^n, mflc dd TT trudc dd M$c du q u i trinh niy c6 hlrtfj chinh xic v i thdng nhit bilu dat v l thdng tin ciia thfle HO cfla e l nhin nhung dd v i n diln dcTT liln d nhin mdt d e h dfc bift TT niy ed tlnh giin tilp tri thfle niy Trong Hlnh 1, tam giic (A2, B2, C2) mifu t i mflc d f qua eic bilu tupng cfla tri nhd Chfnh suTT ciia hai h$ TT phy thude lln vdi mdi quan hf tutmg Ung eua thdng bilu tupng niy sf tgo bilu tUpng mdi (thfl 3) chfl t h i ngudi hpc vdi d e chu till khic HT Myc l i kiln thfle l i sin phim nhfn thfle cfla d nhin ngu« dfch cfla d p dd TT niy td chflc OHDVTT NH - NH hpc v i phin i n h tri thfle cfla b i i hpc theo d c h chfl quaa nhim giflp moi c l nhin ngudi hpc nhln biet v i nhd Nhu viy, 'nguyin lifu d i u v i o " cua q u i trinh TT dfc Ijp chfnh x i c khieh quan, tipn v?n v l tri thfle thfle ed l i thdng tin cd tfnh tn?n vpn, phin i n h tri thfle bii hgc ndi dung bii hpc Tuy nhifn, b i n thin nguiri hpe khdng Kit thfle q u i trinh TT niy, mdi c i nhin ngUdI hpc hlnh t h i ty dgt dupe dilu niy m i d n cd sugiup dd, hd trp l i n thinh NL''hilu, i p dyng, phin tfch, dinh gti, sing t?o' t d d e bgn hpe khic v i ngudi day Oly l i qui trtnh v l tri thfle b l i hpc t h e o ' l i n g kfnh nhin thfle chii quan" chta sf kiln thfle v i eie ngudn thdng tin lin di eua mlnh Ngudi hpc cd t h f dupc nhln nhfn hlnh giup ngudi hpc t i p hpp thdng tin diy du, nhln bilt nhd thfle HD HT c l nhin nhung ndi dung HO b i n 1^ mang tfnh TT x i hdL chfnh xle tri thfle cd bli hpc Di td chflc tdt DHDVn NH-NH vdi mflc dd niy Trong Hlnh 1, mdi quan hf gifla d c chfl t h i ngudi dgy d n tic dfng vio mdi quan hf lifn d nhlii' mflc dd TT dde Ifp dflpc t h i hifn tam giic thfl vio mdi tn/dng lifn c l nhln gifla ngudi hoc vdi (A3, B3, C3) Myc dieh cfla d p dd TT niy td chiJK nhim tgo d e tie ddng ehia sf kiln thfle v i ngudn DHDVTT NH-NH nhim giflp mpi thinh viln nhdm, thdng tin qua Igi Ngudi dgy d n thilt k l cic nhifm vu ldp nhfn thfle mdt d c h ddc Ifp v i Wnh thinh tri HT cd tfnh vfla sfle cho ngudi hoc d n phii hop tie thfle b i i hpc theo ling kfnh chfl quan cfla b i n thin vdt thi mdi ed t h i giii quyft dupe d c nhifm vu td chflc tdt DHDVTT NH-NH vdi mflc df niy, nhln difn v i nhd tn thfle b i i hpc Mit khie cd sy ngudi dgy d n t i c ddng v i o mdl trudng HT d l tgo S KHOA HQC GlAo DMC ^rm NGI«£N Ctiu U LUAN C Q cic dilu kifn tuong flng hudng cho d c chu t h i ngudi hpc l i m viec trang t h i i nhin thfle ddc l i p (dudi hinh thfle KT c i nhin) Ngudi dgy d n t h i l t k i cie nhifm vy HT cd tinh vfla sflt vdi tflng trinh dd v l NL cua tflng nhdm HT khae Phin cdng nhiem vu vfla sfle di d nhln nguiri hpc ed t h i ty nhln thfle (TT ddc lip) v i tgo kiln thflt cho neng minh Ngudi day ed vai trd la nguiri kiln tao nniH trudng l l m vifc ddc lap ddi vdi nguiri hpc Kit thfle mflt n i y nguiri hoc dgt dupe NL ddc lip giii quylt cic nhifm vy HT theo quan dilm c i nhan cua minh VI viy, ket thfle TT dpe lip, cac d nhin ngfldi hpe v i nhdm HT n i y sinh nhu d u l i m khich quan hoa kiln thfle cfla minh; tflc l i tim den ti'nh chuan mflc ti'nh chfnh x i c tipn ven efla kiln thfle efla minh Trgng t h i i niy lam eosd cho d p ddTT mdi diln ra, chung tdi gpi la mflc dd TT tuongthudc 3A Mdi M tuang tie tdong thuic Tuong thudc (Interdependence) i l ddng lyc cua su chju tiich nhiem va phy thudc l i n gifla ngudi niy v l nguiri Idiic Tucmg thudc l i mflc dp (hay trang thii) TT sifu ddc lap v l lifn phu thudc (Inter - dependerKe), dd dilu kifn d n l i mdi chu t h i phli cd la ning ddc l|p hlnh ddng nhln thfle v i giii quyet nhifm vy HT Vupt trin trang t h i i ddc lip, chu t h i trgng t h i i tuang thudc phli ed dfl ning truyin dat v i chuyin giao nhCmg kiln thfle mdi efla d nhin da dgt dupe eho nhau, l i m chuin hda v i khich quan hda kiln thfle dya trfn myc tifu tri thfle d f t Tucmg l>iudc hudng d f n gili phip thfl3 tdi Uu so vdi cic giii phip nhgn thfle gifla d e d nhin ngUdi hpc; hUdng d i n sysing tao tri thfle mang tinh t$p t h i Trong Hlnh 1, mdi quan h f giiia d e chfl t h i mflc dd TT tucmg thude dupc t h i hi^n tiong tam giic thfl (A4,84, C4) Trong md hlnh niy, ngfldi hpc khdng cdn phy thudc l l n niia m l ed vj tri TT blnh ding gifla cie chfl till ngudi hpc v i vdi ngudi day Nguiri hpe d i d>fl dfng, ddc lip nhan thfle tgo kien thfle mdi cfla rifng mlnh cung nhu d e quan dilm riing v l giii quylt nhifm vy HT Ngudi day trd thinh tic nhln tiong TT tuong thudc cfla ngudi hpe l i ngUiA cdng tie vdi ngUdi hpcTrong trgng t h i i niy thudng dien d c T T dilu hoi, TT ty tnj TT cdng tic v i dupc t h i hifn dudi phuang thfle HT tucmg flng TT dilu h o i l i d p dd TT d i u tien eua mfle dd TT tuong thudc Myc dfch efla TT dilu hda tgo n i n su chia sf, bd sung kiln thfle gifla ngudi hpe vdi d l mpi thinh viln nhdm HT cd dupe kiln thfle v l b i i hpc tumig duong Vi viy, TT niy dupe t i l n hinh phd biln thdng qua phucmg thfle DH ddng ding DH ddng ding l i phuang thfle HT bing d c h day ngUiri k h i c dd d c d nhan ngudi hpe cd NL nhln thfle eao hon trd thinh ngucri day tiln liinh DH cho cic ban khic nhim chia sf va bd sung kiln thfle eho HT Kit thuc TT dilu hoi, mdi c i nhln nguiri hpe cd t h i nhin thfle siu, rfng v i trpn ven tri thfle bai hpc so viA mfle dd TT ddc Ifp trudc Oiy I I co s d d i d nhln nguiri hpc so sinh, dinh g i i kiln thfle eua mlnh vdi kifn thfle cua cie thinh vifn khac v i nhdm HT khie ddng thdi niy sinh nhu d u dUa kifn thUc mdi, phin i n h nhflng gili phip tdi uu hon d l giii quylt nhifm vu HT Trong trang t h i i niy, TT t y tri xuit hien TT t u tri (Autonomous interaction) l i TT ddc l i p (independent Interacticm) nhung d mflc cao, mang tfnh ty g i i c t u ifinh hudng, md rdng cic myc tieu nhin thfle tii phin tich, dinh gia v i sing tao tri thfle mdi hem so vdi y f u d u muc tifu nhin thfle efla b i i hpc Di cd t h i TT ty tn, b i n t h i n nguiri hoc phli cd NL ddc lap nhgn thfle v i tgo tri thfle d nhin Tri thfle cung vdi ngudn tri thfle khac tfl qua trinh DH ddng d i n g dua den trd "nguyen lieu d l u vao" eua q u i trinh TT ty trj Kit thfle q u i trinh niy, mdi ei nhln nguiri hpc ed t h i tgo nhiing tri thfle md^, phin I n h giii phip thfl tdi uu d l giii quy«t nhifm vy HT Khi k i t thuc TT t y tri, ngUdi hpc sf sdhiiu hai ioai'tri thfle" dudi ling kinh chfl quan: Tri thfle chung d i dupc chia sf va dupe chap nhin cfla t o i n nhdm HT;Tri thfle sing tao cua d nhin ngUdi hoc Trong trang t h i i niy, nguiri hpc xuat hifn nhu d u t h i m dinh tinh ehfnh xic cfla tri thfle cfla mdi d nhin nguiri hpc v i nhdm dang sd hflu Khi dd, TT cdng t i c nhdm, giiia d c nhdm v i irong toin Idp se xuit hifn TT edng t i e la TT gifla d c chfl t h i nguiri hpc v i vdi nguiri dgy dya tr^n eo sd cung phin tfch, dinh g i i , cdng nhgn tinh chinh xic cfla tii thfle d nhln, efla nhdm v i cung tim tri thfle sing tgo cd tinh t i p the trfn Idp TT cdng tic dya tren NL ty tri v i sy phu thudc l i n mdt d e h tfch cue gifla d e chu t h i Trong DH, TT cfng tie difn trcmg nhdm v i gifla eic nhdm (lien nhdm) TT lifn nhdm cung vdi vai trd cdng tic v i trpng t i i cfla ngudi dgy se giflp mpi thinh vifn tiong Idp hpe nhln thfle diy dfl d c myc tifu HT dat ra; ddng thiri tgo tri thfle sing tao cd tinh t i p t h i trfn d c muc tifu HT dd Di td chflt tdt DHDVn NH-NH d cip dd TT tUOng thudc ngudi dgy nen djnh hudng d c mye t i l u sing tgo cho ngudi hpc v l tao dyng mdi truimg d l tao nfn sy tucmg thufc gifla nguiri hpc vdi Mudn vgy, ngUdI day c i n phli t h i l t k l bli hpc thinh ele nhilm vu HT nhu y l u d u nguiri hpc tao d c h thfle vfn dyng sing tgo kifn thflq tgo d c dinh g i i , nhln xit mdi; tgo dflng v l d l xuit mdi d e dfl lieu, khii nifm, quy trinh v i cic l i p luin, phucmg phip tu mdi.~ Bfn cgnh dd, d c nhifm vy niy phii tao mdi truimg lim vifc nhdm, g i n kit d c thinh vifn tiong nhdm, gifla d c nhdm Idp cho gifla d c yeu td niy ed sfl phu thude l i n mdt elch tich eye g i n chit trich nhifm cua c i nhin v i nhdm, ti'eh cfla d nhin i i thinh tich cfla nhdm Nguiri day trgng t h i i niy cd vai trd nhU l i tic nhin, trd thinh "ngudi ban tri thdc"; 'nguiri edng t i c ' v i t i i ve tri thfle ddi vdi ngudi hpc v i nhdm HT NgUdi hpc l i nguiri cdng tie tri thfle d l vfla dupc cdng nhin tri thfle sing tao cfla d nhln vtfa cdng nliin trt thfle sing tgo eua t i p t h i , cfla nhdm Trfn diy l i bdn d p dd TT DHDVTT NH-NH Xuyfn sudt d c d p dd HT, ngoii HD dinh g i i cua ngucri dgy ddi v& nguiri hpc cdn dien HD dinh g i i ddng ding (Peer Assessement) Diy l i HD dinh g i i lln giua nguiri hpc vdi nhdm; gifla d e nhdm vdi ticmg toin idp_ Dinh g i i niy gdp phin lim tfch eye v i d i n chu hda mdi trudng HT Vi viy, nd d n dupc tri td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH Bdn d p dd niy l i CO sd v i djnh hudng d c HO DHOVTT Sil37-THiNezm7^73 Q NGHlSNClKUliUlAN NH-NH dDH K i t l u i n Bdn d p TT giiia nguiri hoc DH i i cd sd quan tiong d l td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH dDH.Tnidc h i t bdn d p dd niy l i cO sd de phat triln cic NL nhln thfle cd tinh chat If thude den phy thudc l i n den ddc lap v i tucmg thudc Bdn mflc dp TT niy cung la co sd d l hlnh thinh nfn i