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s i DUNG PHitU HDC TAP TRDNG TO CHffC OAY HOC SEMINAR HDC PHAN / / / M e M i TRIfilNG CAD OANG SIT PHAM NHAM PHAT HOY NANG LUl; TO HOC CHD SINH VIEN L iluan van hgc {LLVH) la mdn hpc vdn ehua dung nhi[.]
s i DUNG PHitU HDC TAP TRDNG TO CHffC OAY HOC SEMINAR HDC PHAN / / / M e M i TRIfilNG CAD OANG SIT PHAM NHAM PHAT HOY NANG LUl; TO HOC CHD SINH VIEN ThS L iluan van hgc {LLVH) la mdn hpc vdn ehua dung nhieu van de de tranh cai, dao sau, giup sinh vien (SV) nganh Nguvan van dung vao ttiuc te hpc tap vagiang day, phan tich tac pham van hpc (TPVH) sau SV se dupc tranh luan ve hoc ttiuai khai sau, md rpng v w i tri tiii/c, tim tdi, phat hien ehan Ii hoac chiing minh vatim each van dung nhdng kien ttiiic li luan vaottiuctetac pham van hpc ; dupc ren ttiem eac ki nang (KN) nhu: nghien ciiu, phat hi&ivagiaiquyetvande^ttiuyettrinh, phan bien ; cd su chu dpng can ttiiet de n^m viing va dao sau klen ttidc LLVH, tiido nang cao ban ^nh,tt'nhdpc iap vasu sang tao, tir tin lam chiJ khoi luong kien thuc LLVH cuaehinhminh Bd'i vdiSV Ngii van dtn/dng cao d§ng supham (CDSP), LLVH la mpt mon hpc khd bdl su phong phu, tinh "da chieu" tiep nhan, tlnh logic tniu tuong ciia khai niem, hpe thuat Thue teday hpe bp mdn a CDSP cho ttiay boat dpng tu hpc cua SV chua ttie hien dung vai trd, vj tri va y nghTa ciia nd Cu the: - Vephia giang vien (GV): chua thuc suchu dpng, khoa hpc viec len ke hoach vagiao nhiem vu, djnh hudng cho SV each khai ttiac va sii dung kien thtic de dat duoc mue tieu bai day Viee sudung phieu hpc tap (PHT) day hpc LLVH66\ hoi phai danh nhi^u thcn^ gian va s u kl cong, cdng phu qua trinh chuan bi, vi the PHT it dupe si) dung thudng xuyen; - Vephia SV: Da so SV chua biet each chu dpng tuhpc, edn thtj dpng viec tiep ttiu, linh hdi kien ttidc, chua biet phat huy tlnh dpc lap, sang tao frong viec van dung kien thdc vao thuc te; eoi vipc glai quyet cae nhiem vy hpc tap la nhipm vy "bdt bupc" va nhieu giai quyet nd mot each "dd'i phd" Hidn nay, mau ttiuin kin nhat la lupng ttidng tin, bi thuc, Iden ttitic LLVH hien dai, khoa hpc mS mpt tang len, frong dd ttidi gian danh cho viec day hpc hau nhu khdng tiiay doi, tham chi cdn giam bdt VI vay, GV khdng the truy^i ttiu het toan bp klen thdc (ki - 7/2015) H O A N G THj M I N H T H A O ' LLVH cho SV va SV khdng cdn thdi gian nhieu cho viec tt; hpc 1, Nang lire t u h o c Nang lyc tu hpc cua ngucri hpc bao gom: - Nhom nang luc nhin biet, tim tdi vaphathien van deddi hdi ngudi hpc phal nhan biet, phan tieh, toig hpp, so sanh suvat hien tt/ong duoc tiep xue, suy xet tti nhieu p6c dp, cdhettidng tren cosanhdng II luan vahieu bidtda cdcua minh, phat hien cae khd khan, mau thuan, xung dot, cac diem chua hoan chinh debosung, cac be tac, nghjeh li can khc^ tiidng, lam sang to ; - Nhdm nang b/c giaiquyet van deddi hoi ngudi hpc phai ed kha nang ttinh bay gia ttiuyet, xac djnh each ttiiic glal quyel va lap kehoach giai quyetvan de, khao sat cac khia eanh, tiep nhan va xu 11 thdng tin, de xuat gial phap.kiennghjcac kel luan.KTttiuatgiaiquyetvande viia la edng cu nhan ttiiic dong thdi cung la mue tieu ciia viec day cho ngudi hpc phuong phap ti/ hpc; - Nhdm nang kic xac dinh nhung ket luin dung tiJrqua &m/?5rja/t7i/ye?vand'eyeu cau ngudi hpc phai cdkha nang khang dinh hay bac bo gla thuyet, hlnh ttianh ketqua vadexuat van demdi Cac tri thlic can linhhpi sau khlglai quyetvan de se co duoc ngudi hpc cd dupc nang luc nay; - Nhdm nang luc van dung kiin tiiuc vio tiiuc tiin: ketqua cuoi ciing ciia viec hpc tap phai dupe ttie hien chlnhtiongttiucti"5ncupc soig, d l nhan ttidc va cai tao tiiuc tien; - Nhom nang luc danh gii va ti/dinhgiaqiup ngudi hpc xac djnh chinh xac diem manh, i^em yeu, eai dung, eai sai cua minh, tti CO ttie chu dpng phat huy mat manh, kh5c phue diem yeu eiia ban ttian Cac nhdm nang luc dan xen,tiepnoi tao nen nang luc tu hpc eiia ngudl hpc.Dedat ketqua ti/ hpc tot, ngudi hpc can ed kT nang ti/ hpc S I I dung PHT tien hanh seminar hpc phan LL VHbirumq CDSP nham phathuy nang luc t u h o c ChoSV ' Tnmg Cao dang sir pham Ha Uy Tqp chi Gido due so 3611 29 PHT la phuang tien GV tu thiet ke, dd neu rdyeu eau, nhiem vu cho S V duoi dang cac cau hoi, bai tap, hien tiij npidung kien tiiiic bang hettidng cau hdi, so dd, bang, bleu hoae mptde tai nghien Cliu kem tiieo nhdng g d y , hudng d i n hoac ttiong tin bosung eho baihpc Khisudyng PHT, SV phaiti/ nghien ciiu giao ti-inli, tai lieu ttiam khao, thu tiiap va xd li ttiong tin Tu nhiing thdng tin ttiu dupc, S V se hlnh tiianh md'i lien he giiia "cai da bief v d "cai chua bief, ttidd giaiquyetdupc yeu cau dat Trong qua trlnh tiiao luan de hoan ttianh PHT, SV dupc trlnh bay quan 6\em cua m Inh trudc tap the, gdp phan han che thdi quen y lai, dua d i m vao cac ban tich cue va ren KN trinh bay, phan bien khoa hpc Viec tranh luan, trao doi se giiip SV dupc nang tam hieu biet ve kien thlic va phat huy day dii hon tinh nang dpng, chu quan cua ngud hoc Trong ehuong trinh dao tao giao vien Ngiivan d trudng CDSP, LL VHduac ptian bdlam hpc phan: - Hgc phan la nhi/ng van de ve ban chat va dac ttung cua van hpc; Hgcphan2\a nhung van devetac pham vattiebaLVddac bung bdmdn,chung toi xac djnh cd kieu to ehiic seminar LLVH: I) Toehuc seminartiieo chude(ng\ dung seminar dupc nit tren cosdtrong qua trinh giang day, G V thay thuc su can thiet phai dao sau, md rpng khoi iupng kien thdc velithuyetmaSVdatiepttiutren Idp) hiinh thlic ddihoi SV phal co kha nan^ khai quat cao, phai dpc nghien ciiu nhieu tai lieu deed nhdng nhan djnh hop li; 2) Seminaryeu cau SV phai si) dung nhung kien tilde ti tiiuyet da tim hieu detiiuc hanh phan tich, mo xe tic pham van hge eg tiie VI du: SV tu nghien cdu, tim hieu npi dung littiuyet ve nhan vatvan hpc va phan tich nhung dac ttung co ban cua nhan vat van hpc,cae loainhanvattrongTPVH, cac phuang thlic phuong tien mieu ta nhan vat, quan niem nghe thuat ciia nha van ve nhan vat , cac nhan vat van hoc ti^ng cac tac pham cu tile GV ddng vai tro liudng dan va dua nhdng ket luan cuoi cung Npi dung seminar ddi hoi S V kha nang cam tiiu va_phan tich TPVH-mptkhanangratcanttiietddivd moi giao vien Ngii van can thao luan (su dung d kieu seminar 1,2); - Phieu yiucauglalguy^tti'nhhuaig.naduTiqghmneuimh hud'ng va van dettiao luan hoac nghien citu yeu cau SV phai glalquyet{sudung dkieu seminar 1); - Phieu thuc hanh: npidung lanhung nhiem vuttiuc hanh, ren luyen KN van dung li ttiuyet vao thuc ti§n TPVH cu thefsiidung dkieu seminar2): 2J Can cu vao tieu ehiphit trien KN eho SV cdttiesiidyng cac loai phieu sau: 2.2.1 PHT nham phat tiien eic KN: quan sat phin tich, so sanh, van dung ti tiiuyet vao thuc tiin eho SV Npi dung cau hdi cua phieu yeu cau SV phai van dyng, phd'ikethpptatcacacKN dexem xetsuvat mpt each co y thiic mye dich thu nhan thong tin lien quan den van de dang ttiao luan Vidu 1: Khi thiet ke PHT d kieu seminar 1, GV ed the dua nhieu quan diem, y klen trai ehieu ve ciing mptvan de, hoac neu len nhdng van de md ve mpt hien tuong hay van de LLVH nao dd , hoac cho SV quan sat mpt doan video, thiet lap eac slide ed chiia cac thong tin ve tai lieu tham khao, nhdng cau hoi thao luan va phan bien ve npi dung dang thao luan Cu the: dseminar veva'n de "tiep nhan va thudng thiic TPVH", GV co the xay dung npi dung cau hoi dua vao PHT nhusau: "Hidn cd mgt soy kien phu nhan val trd tu tddngcua tacglatrong TPVH Theo ykien mgtso hgc gla, ngudldgc chi phat hien tutudng cua mtnh tic phim mi thoi Ykien dodung sai nhu the nao" De hoan PHT nay, S V phai van dung kien thde li thuyet LLVH s5n cd ket hpp vdl kha nang tuduy dpe lap eao de nhan xet, so sanh cac van de, dua duoc cac y klen tranh luan trai chieu lleri quan den chu de seminar, tii k§'t lu^n va khang djnh y kien va quan diem cua chinh minh ve van de, npi dung can thao luan Vidu 2: Khi thiet ke PHT d kieu seminar 2, G V yeu cau SV chpn mpt valTPVH cuthe (tuy theo dac trung cua npi dung thao luan seminar), cho SV nghien cdu kT tac pham ciing vdi nhtfng van d^ li thuyet giao trlnh va cac tai lieu tham khao GV cung cap cho SV he thdng cau hoiso^n PHT De giup SV ttiuc hien tot cae hinh ttidc seminar de SV chuan bj tn/dc, nhu: T//7/7 chat hai matcua LLVH nhuttienay,ttieochiingtdi cdthesudung eac van hgc vua la hien ti/gng tiiih mT, vOa la hien ti/gng hinh ihiiy thdc bieu hien nhutiienio tiong tmyen dang PHT nhu sau: 2.1 Can cuvao ndidungc6ii]esudmQ eae loai ngin "Ben que''cua nlia van NguySn {\/ilnh Chiu" phieu sau: - Phieu bai ^p yeu cau SV lam bai tap, hoac: Y e dep va die tn/ng cua ngon ngdthddUdc ti"en phieu cd npi dung bai tap ma SV can giai quyet; tiie hien nhuthenao tiong baltiid Von eo'cua Che van dung linh hoat cae kien thiic dahpc detim cac Lan Vien" De hoan PHT nay, SV phal vSn chung eii va kiem tra chiing cd ve npi dung chu de dung kien thlic littiuyet LLVH s i n cd ket hop v d K N 30 Tqp chi Gido due so 361 (ki - 7/2015) cam thu, phan tieh tac pham van hpc de giai quyet duoc npi dung van de va gpi duac nhung cam xue tham mT.niem yeu say.suhung thu cam ttiu tac pham van ehuong n ^ dupc ttiai dp, y ttiiic tu hpc eiia SV tranh tinh frang y lai G V han che nhi/ng hoat dpng, Id ndi lam phan tan sutap toing chii y cua S V, luan phien ttiam gia vao eac boat dpng ciia cac nhdm, dieu khien cac 2.2.2 PHT nham phittrien KN quy nap, khai quit nhom de c6 tien trien hieu qua cdng viec dong deu hda^ cho SV Vi du: ve npi dung "Ban chat cua tac gida cac nhom va xoay quanh trpng tam can tluan pham van hpc", G V cdthexay diflig PHT vdi yeu cau Dieu se giiip SV khdng chech hudng thao sau: "Van hgc la huea'u, udc IS lai luon van dgng vi luan dong ttid bao dam t h d gian hoan PHT phat trien vdl cac tn/dng phil khie Vaycd tiie dung quy djnh; 4) G1/ toehuc cho SV trinh bay ket dat van detinh chin thuc khong? Nen hieu iinh chin qua: SV cdca hpi neu y kien v d ban be, tddd cdttie thudnghetiiuitcuavan hgc nhuthe nao?".Behoar\ hpc hoi Iln hoan thien ve npi dung va viec tiep PHT nay, SV phai n i m bk dugc nhung su nhan ketthiic cdhieu quacaohon.Dong thd ren cho klen rieng biet cua cac hien tt/png, trao luu, trudng SV KN frinh bay y kien va ti/tin phat bleu y kien phal van hpc td dd nit ket luan, khai quat hda kien Tiep do, cho 2-3 nhdm trinh bay, cac nhdm phan bien thlic Hay ndi each khac, logic hinh npi dung va ti-anh luan de hoan nhiem vu dupc giao nghienciiulaSVphaiditiicalriengbietden cai chung, PHT Luu y: SV chl dupc trinh bay nhiing ykien khac v d y kien da trinh bay trudc, khong trinh bay y tong the kien tning nhau; 5) GVsua chua, bosung, neu dip 2.2.3 Xay dgng PtiT nham phat trien KN suy in PHT luan, de xuit gia thuyet cho SV VI du: ve npl dung "Tiep nhan va thudng thuc TPVH" GV xay dung PHT vdi yeu cau: 'Co phai mpi each dpc, mpi each De tang hieu qua va chat lupng cua gidseminar giai thich ve van ban tac pham deu dong nhat vdi thi viec Sli dung PHT chinh la mpt nhiJng dd TPVH? Nen hieu nhu thenao vetinh tich cue, sang diing day hpc dupc GV chuan bj san cho phan taocuangudidpctrongtiep nhan van hpc?".De hoan thietkebaigiang cua minh PHT the hien susang PHT nay, SV phai tuduy desuy luan de xuat tao ciia GV eung nhu tai nang cua mpt nha thiet ke nhiing ytudng mdi, nhinig each phathienmd mang cac hoat dpng cua G V len Idp Nhin vao PHT tlnh sang tao se danh gia dupc G V c d dau t u c h o tiet day 2.3.Quytrinh strdgng PHTtrong gidseminar hay khong, npi dung bai day co phii hop vdl doi LLVH PHT gid seminar LLVH can phai su tupng SV, loai hlnh gid hpc hay khong va nhat la dung dung muc dich, dung ddi tupng v d sd lupng tlnh logic, tlnh he thdng ciia bai day cd "xoay" vao PHT viia du, cd ket hpp vdi tai lieu hpc tap va eac trpng tam khong; ddng thdi cilng danh gia dupc phuong tien day hpc khac Sau SV hoan mdc hieu bai eua SV, qua dd nang cao dupc PHT, GV can cdng bddap an ciia phieu phan chat luang tu hpc cua cac em G tich, tong hpp va ket luan van de Cu ttie gom cac budc: 1) G l/fir/ao PWTc/JO S K thupc vao chu de seminar ma GV giao PHT cho phu hpp v d ca nhan, tiingnhom khacnhau;2) GV hudng dan SV sddung PHT, gom: G V yeu cau SV dpc kTnpi dung cua PHT; GV yeu eau SV xac djnh nguon tai lieu cung cap kien tiiiic sudung cho PHT; GV yeu cau SV xac dinh nhiing van decan hoan PHT; G V dua nhihig gdi y, hudng dan de SV tu khaithac kien thdc va tulam viec vol PHT; 3) SViim viee dgc lap/lam viec hdp tac tiieo nhdm dehoin PHT.G V yeu cau S V tap taing cao lam viec v d cac nguon tai lipu khae dekhaithackienthucvahoan phie'u Trong SV lam viee v d PHT, GV can quan sat, hudng d i n SV nh§m phathien nhting bleu hien thieu tap tmng, dpc va phan tich dQ kien mpt each dpnq^ vien, hudng d i n SV kjp ttidi Dong t h d quan sat de Tai H£u t h a m khao TranDinh S& Gi^o trinh L i l u a n van hoc(t^p 1,2) NXB Dgi hgc Slf phgm H.2005 Nguyen Canh Toan QuS trinh day - tir hoc NXB Gido due VietNam, H 2011 v a van Tao M0t s5 vSfn dfe gjdo due dSu th^ld 21 Vien Nghiin ciiu phdt triSn gido d^c, 2011, Thai Duy TuySn "Bdi dirffng nSng li;c tii hoc cho sinh vien " Tap chi Gido due, s6 IAI 2003 Vien ngOn ngO' hoc Tirdi^n Tieng Vigt NXB Khoa hocxah6i,H 1994 SUMMARY Students' self-study skills play a decisive role in quality and teaching process of undergraduate (Xem tiep trang 28) (ki 1' 7/2015) Tqp chi Gido due so 3611 31 ... ehiic seminar LLVH: I) Toehuc seminartiieo chude(ng\ dung seminar dupc nit tren cosdtrong qua trinh giang day, G V thay thuc su can thiet phai dao sau, md rpng khoi iupng kien thdc velithuyetmaSVdatiepttiutren... thiet ke PHT d kieu seminar 2, G V yeu cau SV chpn mpt valTPVH cuthe (tuy theo dac trung cua npi dung thao luan seminar) , cho SV nghien cdu kT tac pham ciing vdi nhtfng van d^ li thuyet giao trlnh... dupc G V c d dau t u c h o tiet day 2.3.Quytrinh strdgng PHTtrong gidseminar hay khong, npi dung bai day co phii hop vdl doi LLVH PHT gid seminar LLVH can phai su tupng SV, loai hlnh gid hpc hay