1 Phong trao "Binh dan hgc vy" va giao dye pho thong cac cap dugc duy tri
i phat trien. Thang 7 - 1950, Chinh phii de ra chii truong cai each giao dye
po thong nham xoa bo nhiing tan tieh ciia nen giao due thuc dan phong kien,
g giao dye phyc vy nhi?m vy khang chieh kieh quoc va dat nen mong nen giao dye dan tgc, dan chii Vi^t Nam. nen giao dye dan tgc, dan chii Vi^t Nam.
* Tdc dung:
BQ may chinh quyen ciia ta 6 cac cap dirp'c ciing co'va xay d u n g gop phan
to Ion trong viec to chuc, lanh dao khang chien thSng Ip-i va lam pha san h ^
thong chinh quyen bu nhln tay sai cua dich.
Chinh sach kinh te da gop phan cai thi^n doi song nhan dan, bao dam nhu cau cho khang chien lau dai.
Cac chinh sach van hoa, giao due, y te c6 tac d u n g xay d u n g co so van hoa cua che do dan chii nhan dan.
Ta't ca cac thanh tuu do c6 tac dung ciing co va tang cuang hau phuang
khang chien, la nhan to quye't djnh thuang xuyen doi v o i thang Igi ciia cupc
khang chien.
7. Chien dich Bien g i o i thu - dong 1950
a. Hodn cdnh lich su:
Buoc sang nam 1950, cupc khang chien co them nhieu thuan Ipi nhung cung phai doi mat v o i nhirng thach thuc moi:
Ngay 01 - 10 - 1949, each mang Trung Quoc thanh cong, nuoc Cong hoa nhan dan Trung Hoa ra doi. Ngay 18 - 1 - 1950, Chinh p h u nuoc Cpng hoa nhan dan Trung Hoa, ngay 30 - 1 - 1950, Chinh phii Lien X6 va trong vong mot thang sau, cac nuoc trong phe X H C N Ian lupt cong nhan va dat quan h$ va dat quan he ngoai giao v o i nuoc Viet N a m Dan chii Cpng hoa.
Ngay 13 - 5 - 1949, co su dong y ciia M i , Chinh phii Phap de ra ke hoach
Rove. Vai ke hoach Rave, M l tirng buoc can thi^p sau va "dinh liu true tiep" vao
cupc chien tranh Dong Duong.
Ngay 7 - 2 - 1950, M I cong nhan Chinh phii bu nhin Bao Dai; ngay 8 - 5 - 1950, M l dong y vien trp kinh te va quan su cho Phap, nham tirng buoc nSm
quyen dieu khien chien tranh a Dong Duong.
Thirc hi^n ke hoach Rave, t u thang 6 -1949 Phap dua nhieu via khi m a i vao
Vi^t N a m , tap trung quan a N a m Bp, Trung Bp ra Bac, tang cuang h ^ thong phong n g u tren d u a n g so 4, thie't lap "Hanh lanh Dong - Tdy". Tren co so do
Phap chuan bi mpt ke hoach quy mo Ian voi tien cong Vi^t Bac Ian t h i i hai, mong gianh thang Ipi, nhanh chong ket thiic chien tranh.
b. Chien dich Bien gi&i thu - dong nam 1950
De khac phuc kho khan do, dua cupc khang chien phat trien len buac m o i , thang 6-1950, Dang va Chinh phii ta quye't djnh m o chien dich bien gioi nhSm: Tieu di^t mpt bp phan quan trpng sinh luc dich. M o d u o n g lien l^c v o i Trung Quo'c va the'giai dan chii. M o rpng va ciing co'can cii dia Viet Bac, dong thdi tao nhij'ng thuan Ipi m o i thiic day cupc khanh chien tien len.
I to
Ngay 16 - 9 - 1950, cac don v i quan dpi ta no siing m o dau chien dich b5ng tran danh vao v i tri Dong Khe va da gianh thang ipi. Mat Dong Khe, quan djch That Khue lam vao tinh the'bj uy hie'p, Cao B^ng bj co lap. Truac nguy co bj tieu di^t, quan Phap buoc phai rut khoi Cao BSng theo D u o n g so 4. De yem trp
cho cupc riit quan nay, Phap huy dpng quan t u That Khe tien len Dong Khe de (jon canh quan t u Cao Bang riit ve; dong thoi cho quan danh len Thai Nguyen de thu hiit bot chii luc ciia ta. Doan dupe y djnh ciia djch, quan ta chii dpng
jtiai phuc, chan danh dich nhieu noi tren D u a n g so'4, khien cho hai canh quan nay khong gap nhau dupe. Quan Phap hoang loan, phai riit chay, D u o n g so'4 dupe giai phong ngay 22 - 10 - 1950.
Chien djch bien gioi ket thiic, ta da loai khoi vong chien dau han 8000 djch,
thu tren 3000 tan v u k h i va phuong ti^n chien tranh. Giai phong tuye'n bien gioi Vi?t-Trung tir Cao Bang den D i n h Lap dai 750km voi 35 van dan; chpc
thiing "hanh lang Dong - Tm/"eua Phap. Ke'hoach Rave bj pha san.
* y nghta: Vai chien thang Bien giai, con ditang noi nuac ta voi cac nitac XHCN
ditac khai thong; quan doi ta da truang thanh, gianh dugc the chu dong tren tritang chinh (Bac Dong Duang), ma buoc phdt trien mai cua cuoc khang chien.
8. Tir chien thing Vi^t Bac thu - dong 1947 den chien thing Bien giai thu -dong 1950 la mpt buoc phat trien cua cupc khang chien chong Phap dong 1950 la mpt buoc phat trien cua cupc khang chien chong Phap
Truac hel, chien dich Viet Bdc thu - dong 1947 la chien dich ma: '
Djch chii dpng tan cong len Vi^t Bac de tieu di^t co quan dau nao khang
chien ciia ta, tieu di^t bp dpi ehii lire ciia ta nham gianh thang Ipi quye't d j n h ve
quan sir d i den ket thiic nhanh chien tranh. Con ta chii dpng phan cong djch de
"pha tan cupc tan cong vao miia dong ciia giac Phap len Viet Bac".
Trong chien djch nay, ta thuc hi^n kieu chien tranh d u kich ngan ngay, bao
vay C O lap va chan danh cac cupc hanh quan ciia djch.
Qua chien djch Vi^t Bac, ta da danh bai chien lupc "danh nhanh, thang
nhanh" ciia djch, bupc chiing phai ehuyen sang danh lau dai vdi ta. ' ' '
Tiep den, chien dich Bien giai thu - dong 1950, la chien dich: ..|- ti\
Ta chii dpng tan cong djch nham tieu diet sinh lye djch khai thong bien gioi. Cling co va m o rpng can cii dja Viet Bac, tao da thuan Ipi m a i thiic day
khang chien tien len.