No ma dau cho phong trao dau tranh giai phong dan tpc sau khi c6 chii truong ehuyen huong dau tranh eiia Dang. truong ehuyen huong dau tranh eiia Dang.
Khai nghia BSc San giiip Dang ta nit ra nhirng bai hpc quy bau ve khoi nghia vii trang, chpn thai co, quyet tam gianh thSng Ipi. nghia vii trang, chpn thai co, quyet tam gianh thSng Ipi.
* CMOCkhai nghia Nam Ki(23-ll-1940)
- Nguyen nhan:
Thang 11 - 1940, xay ra cupc xung dpt giiia thye dan Phap va Xiem (Thai
Lan). Chinh quyen thye dan Phap bit thanh nien Vi?t Nam va Cao Mien di
lam bia do dan. Nhan dan N a m K i va binh linh dau tranh khong dua linh ra m|t tran
Trong boi canh do, X u uy N a m Ki chuan bj phat dong nhan dan khai nghia
va cu dai bieu ra Bac xin chi thj cua Trung uong. .-,Dien bien:
Cupc khoi nghia no ra vao dem rang sang 23 - 11 - 1940. K h o i nghia biing no t u mien Dong den mien Tay N a m Bp; Bien Hoa, Gia D i n h , Chp Lan, Tan A n , Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Can Tho, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Rach Gia, \ Tho, Vinh Long. Chinh quyen each mang da thanh lap 6 nhieu noi. T u trong khoi nghia, lan dau tien xuat h i ^ n c6 do sao vang.
Do ke hoach bj Ip, thuc dan Phap da kjp thoi doi pho. Chung cho may bay nem bom tan sat nhan dan nhirng vung noi day, bat nhieu ngudi.
Luc lupng nghia quan con lai phai riit ve Dong Thap va U M i n h de cung co lyc lupng.
- y nghia:
Cupc khoi nghia N a m K i chung to tinh than yeu nuoc ciia cac tang lop nhan dan V i ^ t N a m , san sang d u n g len chie'u dau chong quan thu.
* Cmc binh bien Do Luffng (13-1- 941) - Nguyen nhan:
Trong khi thyc dan Phap khiing bo du dpi nhCrng nguoi tham gia khoi
nghia N a m K i , tai mien Trung nhirng binh linh nguoi Viet trong quan dpi Phap da lam binh bien, chong lai vi^c Phap dua binh linh nguoi V i ^ t sang Lao danh nhau v o i quan Thai Lan.
- Dien bien:
Ngay 13 - 1 -1941, binh linh don Chp Rang (Ngh^ A n ) d u o i su chi huy aia D p i Cung (Nguyen Van Cung) da noi day. Toi hom do, hp da danh chiem don Do L u o n g roi len 6 to tien ve Vinh de phoi hpp vdi binh linh 6 day chiem thanh. N h u n g ke hogch khong thuc hi^n dupe. Quan Phap da kjp thoi doi pho. Horn sau, loan bp binh linh tham gia noi day bi bat. Ngay 11 - 2 - 1941, D p i Cung bj sa vao tay giac
Ngay 24 - 4 - 1941, thyc dan Phap x u ban Dpi Cung cung 10 dong chi ciia ong. Nhieu nguoi khac bj ket an kho sai dua di day.
- Y nghia: The hi^n tinh than yeu nuoc va y thuc dan tpc cua binh linh nguoi
Vi^t trong quan dpi Phap.
- Nguyen nhan that bqi:
Cupc khoi nghia Bac Son, N a m K i va cupc binh bien Do L u a n g cuol cung bj that bai, do thuc dan Phap luc do con m^nh, khoi nghia no ra chua chin muoi, chua d u n g thoi co.
68
Cty TNHH MTVP^'H Khang Vift
- Y nghia cua ba su kien tren:
N o i len long yeu nuoc nong nan, the hi§n tinh than dau tranh bat khuat v i (Jpc lap t v do ciia dan tpc ta.
Giang mot don chi t u vao thuc Phap, canh cao nghiem khac phat xit Nhat vua m o i dat chan len dat nuoc ta. "Do la nhCrng tien sung bao hi^u ciia cupc khoi nghia toan quoc".
De Igi cho each mang nhieu bai hpc kinh nghiem qui gia, nhat bai hpc ve
thoi CO khoi nghia. Rieng khoi nghia Bac Son de lai cho each mang dpi du kich
Bac Son, khoi nghia N a m K i de lai cho each mang la co do sao vang nam canh, sau nay tro thanh Quoc ki - mpt bieu tupng thieng lieng ciia dat nuoc.
N h u vay, trong thoi gian 3 thang, 3 cupc noi day noi tie'p no ra a 3 mien dat nuoc, do nhieu tang lop nhan dan va binh linh tham gia da neu cao tinh than bat khuat ciia dan tpc. Cac cupc noi day da that bai v i dieu k i f n chua chin uoi, nhung "Do la nhiing tien siing bao hieu cho cupc khoi nghia toan quoc, la buoc dau dau tranh bang vu luc ciia cac dan tpc Dong Duong".
. T i n h h i n h the g i o i , trong nuoc n h u n g nam 1940 - 1941. H p i n g h i lan t h u 8 an Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g (5 - 1941). Tarn quan trpng ciia H p i n g h i T r u n g
ig Ian t h u 8.
a. Tinh hinh the gioi, trong nuoc * Thegiai:
Chien tranh the gioi lan t h u hai da buoc sang nam t h i i ba, sau khi chiem han Ion chau A u , phat xit Due chuan bj tan cong Lien X6, Nhat m o rpng xam upc Trung Quoc, chuan bj chien tranh Thai Binh Duong.
* Trong nuac:
Nhat nhay vao Dong Duong, Phap dau hang Nhat, Nhat lan tung buoc de ien Dong D u o n g thanh thupc dja va can cii chien tranh ciia chiing. Nhan dan ng D u o n g phai chju hai tang ap biic, boc lot ciia Phap - Nhat, mau thuan lira cac dan tpc Dong D u o n g voi dequoc, phat xit Phap - Nhat phat trien gay
t, van m?nh cac dan tpc Dong Duong nguy vong hon bao gio het.
Nhan dan Dong D u o n g ngay cang each mang hoa, nhieu cupc dau tranh da - ra, tieu bieu la cupc khoi nghia Bac Son (9 -1940) N a m K i (11 -1940) va cupc inh bien Do L u o n g (1 -1941).
Truoc tinh hinh the gioi va trong nuoc ngay cang khan truong, ngay 28 - 1 -1941 guyen A i Quoc ve nuoc va trieu tap H p i nghi Trung uong Dang lan t h u VIII, ipp tir ngay 10 den 19 - 5 - 1941 t^i PSc Bo (Cao Bang) chu truong d?t n h i ^ m
b. Hgi nghi Idn thu 8 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong (5 - 1941)
Ngay 28 - 1 - 1941, Nguyen A i Quo'c ve nuoc true tiep lanh dao each mang. Sau mQt thai gian chuan bj, N g u o i trieu tap va chu tri H o i nghi T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 8 tai Pac Bo (Ha Quang - Cao Bang) t u ngay 10 den 19 - 5 - 1941. Nghj quyet H p i nghi neu ro:
N h i e m v u chu yeu truoc mat ciia each mang la giai phong dan tpc.
Tam gac khau hi^u each mang ruong da't, neu khau hieu giam to, giam tue, chia lai rupng dat cong, tien toi thue hien nguoi cay c6 ruong.
Chu t r u o n g thanh lap Chinh phu nhan dan. Thay ten cac H p i Phan de thanh H p i C u u quoc, thanh lap Vi?t N a m doc lap dong m i n h gpi tat la Viet M i n h thay cho M a t tran thong nhat dan toe phan de'Dong D u o n g va giiip do vi^c lap mat tran 6 cac nude Lao, Campuchia.
Xae d j n h h i n h thai cupe khoi nghla o nuoc ta la d i t u k h o i nghTa t u n g phan tien len tong khoi nghla va ket luan: chuan bj khoi nghla v u trang la nhi^m vu trung tam cua toan Dang, toan dan trong giai doan hi^n tai.
Chinh thuc dupe bau ra Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g m o i , bau T r u o n g Chinh lam Tong Bi t h u .
H p i nghj Ian t h u 8 cua Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g D a n g da hoan chinh chu t r u o n g chuyen h u o n g dau tranh dupe de ra t u hpi nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 6 (11 - 1939), nham giai quyet mue tieu so 1 cua each mang la doe lap dan tpc va de ra nhieu ehti t r u o n g sang tao thue hi|n mue tieu ay.
H p i nghj T r u n g Ian t h u 8 c6 y nghla Ijch su to Ion - da hoan chinh vi^c chuyen h u o n g chi dao chien lupc each mang eiia Dang de ra t u H p i nghj Trung
u o n g Ian t h i i 6 (11 - 1939). Kien quyet giuong cao hon nixa ngpn c6 giai phong
dan tpc, dat nhi^m v u giai phong dan tpc len hang dau va cap thiet hon bao gio het. Giai quyet diing d i n moi quan h f gii>a hai nhi?m v y chien lupc chohg de quo'c va phong kien. De ra phuong phap each mang cu the: tich cue chuain bj lyc l u p n g de khoi nghla v u trang gianh chinh quyen, d i t u khoi nghla t i m g phan tien len Tong khoi nghla.
c. Tam quan trgng cua Hgi nghi Trung uong Idn thii 8
Dpng vien toan Dang, toan dan tich cue chuan bj tien toi Cach mang thang Tam. V o i chu t r u o n g eiia H p i nghj. Mat tran Viet M i n h ra d o i , qua do Dang xay d u n g dupe khoi doan ket toan dan viing chac. Tiep do luc l u p n g v u trang Ian lupt ra d o i , can c u dia each mang thanh lap, phong trao dau tranh phat trien manh me chuan bi tien toi Tong khoi nghla trong toan quoc.
Cty TNHH MTVP'/V' < Kh.ing
6, Chii truong chuyen huong chi dao chien lupc cua Dang tvr Hpi nghi Trung ifong thang 11 - 1939 den Hpi nghi Trung uong 8 (5 - 1941). V a i tro cua Ho ifong thang 11 - 1939 den Hpi nghi Trung uong 8 (5 - 1941). V a i tro cua Ho Chi M i n h trong vi^c hoan chinh chii truong chuyen huong chi dao chien Iif^^c cua Dang va chuan bi tien toi khoi nghia vii trang gianh chinh quyen.
a. Chu truong chuyen huong chi dao chien luge:
Truoc nhijng bien chuyen eiia tinh hinh the gioi va trong nuoc, thang 11 -1939, Dang hpp H p i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 6, de ra ehii truong: t »v'tf
H p i nghj xae d i n h muc tieu chien lupc truoc mat ciia each mang Dong Duong la danh do de quo'c va tay sai, giai phong cac dan tpc D o n g Duong, lam cho Dong D u o n g hoan toan doe lap.
H p i nghi chii t r u o n g tam gac khau hieu each mang ruong da't va de ra khau hi?u tjch thu rupng da't cua de'quoc va dja chu phan bpi quyen Ipi cua dan tpc, cho'ng to cao, lai nang. Khau hieu lap chinh quyen X6 viet cong, nong, binh dupe thay the'bang khau hi^u lap chinh quyen dan chii cong hoa. • '' ''
Ve p h u o n g phap each mang, chuyen t u dau tranh doi dan sinh, dan chii sang da'u tranh danh do chinh quyen ciia de'quoc va tay sai; t u boat dpng hpp phap, niia hpp phap sang hoat dpng bi mat, bat hpp phap.
Dang ehii chuong thanh lap Mat tran thong nhat dan tpc phan de Dong Duong thay cho Mat tran dan chii Dong D u o n g .
Nghi quyei Hoi nghi Trung uong Dang Ian thang 11- 1939 "danh dau buac chuyen hu&ng quan trgng vechi dao chien luge", the hien su nhqy ben ve chinh tri va nang luc sang tqo cua Dang.
Ngay 2 8 - 1 - 1941, Nguyen A i Quoc ve nude tryc tiep lanh dao each m^ng.
Sau mpt thdi gian chuan bj, N g u o i tri^u tap va ehii trj H p i nghi T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 8 tai Pie Bd (Ha Quang - Cao Bang) t u ngay 10 den 19 - 5 -1941. Nghj quyet H p i nghj neu ro:
N h i f m v u chii yeu trude mSt ciia each mang la giai phdng dan tpc.
Tam gac khau hieu each mang rupng da't, neu khau hi^u giam to, giam tiic, chia lai rupng da't cong, tien tdi thuc hien nguoi cay cd rupng.
Chii truong thanh lap Chinh phii nhan dan. Thay ten cac H p i Phan de thanh H p i C i i u quo'c, thanh lap Viet N a m doe lap dong m i n h gpi tat la Vi^t M i n h thay cho M a t tran thong nhat dan tpc phan de'Dong D u o n g va giiip d o vi^c lap mat tran d cac nude Lao, Campuchia.
Xae d j n h hinh thai cupe khdi nghTa d nude ta la d i t u khdi nghla t u n g phan
Hen len tong khdi nghTa va ket luan: chuan bj khdi nghTa v u trang la nhi?m vy
Chinh thuc duoc bau ra Ban Chap hanh T r u n g irang m o i , bau T r u o n g Chinh lam Tong Bi t h u .
Hoi nghi Ian thu 8 cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uvng Dang da hocin chinh chu truang chuyen hif&ng dau tranh dugc dim tit hoi nghi Trung imng Ian thie 6 - 11 . 1939, nhhm gidi quyei muc tieu sol cua each mqng la doc lap dan toe va dera nhieu chu trucmg sang tqo thuc hien muc tieu ay.
b. Vai trd cua Ho Chi Minh:
Sau 30 nam bon ba 6 hai ngoai, den ngay 28 - 1 - 1941 N g u y e n Ai Quoc ve nuoc true tiep lanh dao each mang. N g u o i da to chuc va chii tri H p i nghi T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 8 tai P5c P6 (Cao B^ng) t u ngay 10 den 1 9 - 5 - 1 9 4 1 .
Tai H o i nghj nay, N g u y e n A i Quoc da chu t r u o n g hoan chinh chuyen h u o n g chi dao chien luge dugc de ra trong H g i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 6 (11- 1939). H g i nghi dat van de giai phong dan tgc len hang dau va cap thiet hon bao gio he't.
Quyet d i n h thanh lap M a t tran Viet M i n h de chuan bj tien tdi Tong khoi nghia gianh chinh quyen trong toan quoc.
Quyet d j n h xiic tien cong tac chuan bi khoi nghia v u trang. Coi do la n h i f m v u trung tam ciia Dang trong giai doan hi^n tai.
N h u vay, den H g i nghi T r u n g uong Dang Ian t h u 8 da chuan b j xong vc d u o n g loi de tien toi Tong khoi nghia gianh chinh quyen trong Cach mang thang Tam 1945. N g u y e n A i Quoc - H o Chi M i n h la n g u o i true tiep chii t r i va quyet d j n h nhOng van de co ban cua hgi nghj.
Sau H g i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 8 (5 - 1941), N g u e n A i Quoc - H o Chi M i n h tiep tuc chuan bj de tien tdi Tong khoi nghia thang Tam 1945.
Ra chi thj thanh lap Dgi Vi^t N a m tuyen truyen giai phong quan (22 - 12 - 1944). To chuc xay d u n g can c u dja each mang, ban dau la can c u Cao BSng, den thang 6 - 1945, thanh lap Khu giai phong Vi?t B3c. N a m 1942, N g u o i d i T r u n g Quoc lien tiep tranh thii s u ung hg cua cac luc l u g n g d o n g m i n h .
7, Cong cupc chuan b i k h o i nghia aia Dang t u sau H g i nghi Trung uong 8 (5 -1941)
* Xay dung luc lugng chinh tri:
M g t trong nhi>ng nhi^m v y cap bach cua Dang la van dgng quan chiing
tham gia Vi^t M i n h . Cao Bang la noi thi diem cugc van dgng xay d u n g cac Hoi ci'fu quoc trong mat tran Vi^t M i n h . Den nam 1942, khap cac chau a Cao B5ng
deu CO hgi cuu quoc, trong do c6 ba chau "hoan toan". Tiep do, U y ban Vi?t M i n h tinh Cao Bang va U y ban V i f t M i n h lam thoi lien tinh Cao - Bac - L?ng dugc thanh lap.
Cty TNHHMn-PVV'i Kh.in.^i ViSt_
O nhieu tinh mien Bac, mgt so tinh mien Trung, 6 Ha N g i , H a i Phong hau he't cac Hoi phdn ^e'chuyen thanh Hoi Cuu quoc dong thoi nhieu hgi cuu quoc
oidi dugc thanh lap.
Trong k h i chu trgng tdi cong nhan va nong dan. Dang con tranh thu tap hgp rgng rai cac tang Idp khac n h u sinh vien, hgc sinh, t r i thuc, t u san dan tgc vao
mat tran cuu nude. N a m 1943, Dang dua ra ban Decimng Van hod Viet Nam , v$n dgng thanh lap Hoi van hod citu quoc Viet Nam va Dang dan chu Viet Nam
d u n g trong M a t tran Viet M i n h . Dang cung tang cudng cong tac van dgng binh linh n g u d i Viet trong quan dgi Phap, n h i i n g ngoai kieu d D o n g D u o n g chdng phat xit.
* Xay dung luc lugng vu trang:
Cling v d i viec xay d u n g luc l u g n g chinh t r j , cong tac xay d u n g luc l u g n g v u trang each mang dugc Dang dac biet coi trgng.
Sau cugc khoi nghia Bac Son that bai, mgt bg phan luc l u g n g khdi nghia v u trang chuyen sang xay d u n g thanh nhirng dgi d u kich hoat d g n g d n h i i n g c u dja BMc Son - V i i N h a i .
Budc sang nam 1941, nhirng dgi d u kich Bac Son Idn manh len va thong
nhat lai thanh Trung dgi cuu quoc quan / (14 - 2 - 1941). C u u quoc quan phat
dgng chien tranh d u kich trong 8 thang (tir thang 7 - 1941 den thang 2 - 1942) de doi p h d v d i s u vay quet ciia dich, sau do phan tan thanh nhieu b g phan de chan chinh luc l u g n g , gay d u n g co so chinh trj trong quan chiing tai cac tinh
Thai N g u y e n , Tuyen Quang, Lang Son. Ngay 15 - 9 -1941, Trung doi citu quoc II
ra d o i
* Xay dieng can cu dja:
Cong tac xay d u n g can c u dja each mang cung dugc Dang quan tam. V i i n g
B5c Son - V i i N h a i dugc xay d u n g thanh can cu dia each mang.
N a m 1941, sau k h i ve nude, N g u y e n A i Quoc chgn Cao Bang de xay d y n g can c u dja dua tren co sd luc lugng chinh trj dugc to chuc va phat trien. D o la hai trung tam can c u dja dua tren co sd luc l u g n g chinh t r i dugc to chuc va phat trien. D o la hai trung tam can cu dia dau tien cua each mang nude ta. .« ' T u dau n a m 1943, cugc chien tranh the gidi chuyen bien cd Igi cho each
mang. H o n g quan Lien X6 chuyen sang phan cong quan Due, s u that bai cua chii nghia phat xit da rd rang. T i n h hinh do doi hoi Dang ta day manh h o n nira cong tac chuan b i cho cugc khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen.
T u ngay 25 den 28 - 2 -1943, Ban T h u d n g v u T r u n g u o n g Dang hgp d Vong (Dong A n h - Phiic Yen). H g i nghj da vach ra mgt keho^ch cy the ve cong