1. T i n h h i n h k i n h te - xa h p i a V i | t N a m trong n h u n g n a m 1936 - 1 9 3 9
* Tinh hinh kinh te:
Sau cupc k h i i n g hoan k i n h te the giai 1929 - 1933, chinh quyen thyc dan Phap a D o n g D u o n g tap t r u n g dau t u , khai thac thupc dja de b u dap sy thieu hyt cho k i n h te " c h i n h quoc".
Ve nong nghiep, c h i n h sach ciia Nha nuoc thyc dan tao m p i dieu k i ^ n cho t u ban Phap chiem doat r u p n g dat ciia nong dan, l a m cho 2/3 n o n g dan k h o n g
c6 rupng hoac chi co it rupng. ' ' " Ve cong nghi?p, nganh khai thac m o dupe day m a n h . Tong san l u p n g khai
no n a m 1939 la 29,5 trieu dong. ' > Ve t h u o n g nghi?p, nha nuoc thyc dan doc quyen ban thuoe phi?n, r u p u , nuoi, t h u dupe l p i n h u a n rat cao. Hang xuat khau chii yeu la khoang san,
6ng san. N h a p cang may moc thie't bj va hang cong n g h i f p tieu d u n g .
N h i n chung, n h u n g n a m 1936 - 1939 la thoi k i phyc hoi va phat trien nen rth te 6 Vi?t N a m , n h u n g chi tap trung vao m p t so nganh dap l i n g co n h u cau llie'n tranh. N e n k i n h te Vi^t N a m van lac hau va 1? thupc k i n h te Phap. •< I
'Tinh hinhxdhoi: • ^ ^ ' t - ' '
D a i song cac tang lop nhan dan van gap nhieu kho khan do chinh sach tSng hue ciia nha nuoc thyc dan, phong kien.
So' cong nhan tha't nghiep con nhieu. Ngay ca n h i h i g n g u o i co viec lam,
nuc l u o n g van k h o n g hang thoi k i k h i i n g hoang.
N o n g dan k h o n g d i i rupng cay. H p con chiu m i i c dja to cao va nhieu t h u
ko^n hoc Ipt khac ciia dja chii cuong hao, n h u n g h u tyc c u o i cheo, d i n h dam...
T u san dan tpc c6 it von nen chi lap dupe nhOng cong ti nho, phai chiu thue cao, bj tu ban Phap chen ep.
Nhieu nguai trong gioi tieu tu san tri thiic that nghiep. Cong chuc nhan dupe muc luong tha'p. Cac tang Idp lao dpng khac phai chju thue khoa nang ne, sinh boat dat do.
Doi song da so nhan dan kho khan, cue kho. Chfnh vi the hp hang hai tham gia phong trao dau tranh doi tu do, com ao duoi su lanh dao ciia Dang Cpng san Dong Duong.
2. Hpi nghi Trung uong Dang thang 7 -1936
a) Hodn earth: * The gioi:
Cupc khiing hoang kinh te the gioi 1929 - 1933 da gay nen hau qua nghiem trpng, nhat la cac nuoc tu ban chu nghla phat trien. Tai cac nuoc tu ban chii nghla, kinh te suy syp, mau thuan xa hpi gay gat. Mot so' nuoc da giai quyet khung hoang bang con duong phat xit hoa che dp. C h u nghla phat xit Due, Italia, Nhat Ban da tro thanh nguy co de dpa nen hoa binh va an ninh the gioi.
Truoc tinh hinh do, Dai hpi Quoc te Cpng san Ian thu VII hpp 6 Matxcova (7 - 1935) da xac dinh ke thu nguy hiem, truoc mat ciia nhan dan the gioi la chu nghla phat xit. D ? i hpi chvi truong thanh lap Mat tran nhan dan chong chu
nghla phat xit. ' Thue hi?n chu truong cua Quoc te Cpng san, nhieu nuoc thanh lap Mat tran
nhan dan. O Phap, dau nam 1936, Mat tran nhan dan Phap gianh thang Ipi trong cupc tuyen cu va len nSm chinh quyen. Chinh phii ciia Mat tran nhan dan Phap da ban hanh chinh sach tien bp doi voi cac nuoc thupc dja nhu tha ty do til chinh trj, thanh lap liy ban dieu tra tinh hinh thupc dja, thi hanh mpt so cai each xa hpi cho nhan dan lao dpng.
* Trong nuoc:
Do chinh sach ve tu do dan chu cua Chinh phii Mat tran nhan dan Phap ma 6 Viet Nam mpt so tu chinh tri dupe tha tu do va hp tim each boat dpng tro lai. Do cupc khiing hoang kinh te^ thue dan Phap lai tiep tyc chinh sach boc lot, khiing bo va dan ap nhan dan Viet Nam lam cho nhan dan Viet Nam bj ban cung kho'n kho.
Liic nay. Dang ta va lye lupng each mang da phue hoi, each mang c6 them dieu ki^n dechuyen sang thoi ki dau tranh moi.
Truoc nhOng bien doi ciia tinh hinh the gioi va trong nuoc, thang 7 - 1936, Hpi nghj Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Cpng san Dong Duong do Le Hong Phong chii tri hpp 6 Thupng Hai (Trung Quoc). Hpi nghj dua theo Nghj
quyet dai hpi Ian thu VII ciia Quoc teCpng san, can cii vao tinh hinh cu the o Vi?t Nam de dinh ra duong 161 va phuong phap dau tranh. Hpi nghi xac dinh:
b) Ngi dung Hoi nghi:
Hpi nghi xac djnh nhi?m vu chien lupc ciia each mang tu san dan quyen Dong Duong la eho'ng de'quo'c va phong kien; nhi^m vy true tiep, truoc mat la dau tranh chong che dp phan dpng thupc dia, chong phat xit, chong nguy co chien tranh, doi tu do, dan sinh, dan chii, com ao va hoa binh.
Phuong phap dau tranh la ket hpp cac hinh thue cong khai va bi mat, hpp phap va bat hpp phap. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Hpi nghi chii truong thanh lap Mat tran thong nhat nhan dan phan de Dong Duong.
Dang Cpng san Dong Duong keu gpi cac dang phai chinh trj, cac to chuc quan chiing va nhan dan Dong Duong hanh dpng, dau tranh cho dan chii.
Phong dau tranh quan chiing Ian rpng trong ca nuoc. :, Tiep do, Hpi nghj Trung uong cac nam 1937 va 1938 bo sung va phat trien
npi dung co ban ciia Nghj quyet hpi nghj Trung uong thang 7 - 1936. Tai Hpi nghj Ban Chap hanh Trung uong thang 3 -1938, Mat tran thong nhat nhan dan
phan de'Dong Duong doi thanh Mat tran thong nhat dan chu Dong Duong, gpi tit la Mat tran dan chu Dong Duong
3. Nhtrng phong trao dau tranh tieu bleu
a) Phong trao Dong Duong dai hoi ,i v .
Dupe tin Quoc hpi Phap cir phai doan sang dieu tra tinh hinh Dong Duong, Dang chii truong phat dpng va to chuc cac tang lop nhan dan hpp hpi thao, ra ban nguyen vpng de giii toi phai doan. Dang cung keu gpi cac dang phai chinh trj, cac to chuc quan chiing cung tham gia.
Truoc su Ian rpng ciia phong trao, bpn phan dpng thupc dja dan ap va chia re quan chiing. Ngay 15-9-1936, chiing ra l^nh giai tan Uy ban hanh dpng, cam hpi hpp, tjch thu cac bao co dpng cho Dong Duong Dai hpi.
Phong trao Dong Duong Dai hpi nhanh chong bj dan ap nhung cung dgt dupe myc dieh ciia minh. Dong dao quan chiing giae mp, doan ket dau tranh doi quyen song. Dang Cpng san Dong Duong thu dupe mpt so'kinh nghiem ve phat dpng va lanh dao phong trao dau tranh cong khai, hpp phap.
b) Phong trao dau tranh doi tu do, dan sinh, dan chu
Sdu thang ciwi nam 1936 co 361 cupe dau tranh, trong do co 236 cupc dau
tranh eiia cong nhan. Tieu bieu la cupc bai cong ngay 23-11 ciia cong nhan Hon Gai, Cam Pha, Mong Duong... doi tang luong 25%. Ngay nay tro thanh ngay hpi truyen thong ciia cong nhan mo.
Nam 1937 c6 400 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan. Tieu bieu la C U Q C dau tranh ciia cong nhan xe lua Nam Dong Duong ngay 9-7-1937 va mo than Vang Danh ciia cong nhan xe lua Nam Dong Duong ngay 9-7-1937 va mo than Vang Danh ngay 28-9-1937. 15 cupc dau tranh ciia nong dan doi giam to, giam tuc... Tieu thuong 6 Ha Npi, Hai Phong, cac thanh pho va thj xa khac bai thi, doi giam thue chp, thue hang.
Trong thang 1 va 2-1937 con c6 nhirng cupc mft tinh va bieu tinh Ion cua nhan dan ca nuac nham bieu duong luc lupng khi Goda - phai vien ciia Chinh nhan dan ca nuac nham bieu duong luc lupng khi Goda - phai vien ciia Chinh phu Phap sang dieu tra tinh hinh Dong Duong va Brevie sang nhan chuc toan quyen Dong Duong.
Trong thang 3 va thang 7, Trung uong Dang Cong san Dong Duong hpp de ban ve cong tac quan chiing. Dang quyet djnh lap Cong hpi thay Cong hpi do, ban ve cong tac quan chiing. Dang quyet djnh lap Cong hpi thay Cong hpi do, Doan thanh nien phan de thay Doan thanh nien cpng san, Hpi cuu te binh dan thay Hpi ciiu te do v.v... 6 nong thon, lap Hpi cay, Hpi cay, Hpi hieu hi v.v... Nhung hinh thiic to chuc linh hoat, hoat dpng cong khai, nua cong khai da tap hpp rpng rai cac tang lop nhan dan tham gia.
Nam 1938, c6 131 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan. Tuy so lupng cupc dau tranh
giam so voi nam truoc, nhung chat lupng cao hon bieu hi^n a trinh dp giac
ngp ciia quan chiing, khau hi^u dau tranh, su phan pho'i dau tranh giiia cac dia phuong. phuong.
Cuol nam 1938 d Nam Ki xay ra nan doi. Nong dan nhieu nai bieu tinh. Dien hinh la cupc bieu tinh ciia hon 1000 nong dan Ca Mau thang 10-1938. Dien hinh la cupc bieu tinh ciia hon 1000 nong dan Ca Mau thang 10-1938. Phong trao dau tranh ciia tieu thuong, hpc sinh dang cao.
Dac bift la cupc dau tranh ngay 1-5-1938. Lan dau tien, trong ngay Quoc te Lao dpng, nhieu cupc to chuc mit tinh dupe cong khai 6 Ha Npi, Sai Gon va Lao dpng, nhieu cupc to chuc mit tinh dupe cong khai 6 Ha Npi, Sai Gon va nhieu noi khac, da thu hiit dong dao quan chiing tham gia.
Nam 1939, phong trao dau tranh trong 3 thang dau nam bj giam siit. Tu
thang tu phong trao len dan va dat toi dinh cao vao thang 6. Phong trao tap trung 6 nhiing trung tam cong nghi^p Ion nhu Ha Npi, Hai Phong, Sai Gon, trung 6 nhiing trung tam cong nghi^p Ion nhu Ha Npi, Hai Phong, Sai Gon, Chp Lon...
c) Dau tranh nghj trudng
Dau tranh 6 nghj truong la mot ITnh vyc dau tranh mdi me ciia Dang Cpng san Dong Duong. san Dong Duong.
Trong cupc bau cu vao Vi?n Dan bieu Trung Ki thang 8-1937, Dang van dpng nhiing nguoi Hen bp trong hang ngii tri thiic ra ling cii. Dang sii dung dpng nhiing nguoi Hen bp trong hang ngii tri thiic ra ling cii. Dang sii dung bao chi de tuyen truyen va van dpng cu tri bo phieu cho nhii'ng nguoi nay. Ke't qua la ha'u het cac ling cii vien do Dang van dpng ra ling cii da triing cir.
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vlft
Trong ki hpp ciia Vien Dan bieu thang 9-1938, cac nghj vien dan bieu da bac
j,5 dupe du an thue than va thue dien tho ciia chinh phii thupc dia.
jsjam 1938, trong cupc tranh cii vao Vi^n Dan bieu Bac Ki, 15 ling cu vien (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
cia M^t tr?" 'i^n chii da triing cu. Mat tran dan chii con gianh thang Ipi trong jipi dong kinh te li tai Dong Duong - co quan "dan cii" cao nhat 6 Dong Duong. jipi dong kinh te li tai Dong Duong - co quan "dan cii" cao nhat 6 Dong Duong.
jsjam 1939, dien ra cupc tuyen cii vao Hpi dong Quan hat Nam Ki. Trong cUpc tuyen cu nay. Mat tran dan chii bj that bai do nh&ng thii doan tham dpc cUpc tuyen cu nay. Mat tran dan chii bj that bai do nh&ng thii doan tham dpc dia bpn phan dpng thupc dia, do npi bp mat tran dan chii y kien thong nhat.
Bang Cong san Dong Duong quyei dinh tham gia dau tranh cong khai a nghj irticfng nham muc dich ma rang luc lugng cua Mat tran dan chii va vqch tran chinh irticfng nham muc dich ma rang luc lugng cua Mat tran dan chii va vqch tran chinh sdch phan dong cua bon thue dan va tay sai, henh vuc quyen Igi cua nhan dan.
d) Dau tranh tren linh vuc bdo chi
Day Cling la ITnh vuc dau tranh moi me ciia Dang. Nhi>ng nguoi Cpng san rim mpi each xuat ban bao. Tu nam 1937, bao chi cong khai ciia Dang phat rim mpi each xuat ban bao. Tu nam 1937, bao chi cong khai ciia Dang phat
trien nhanh chong.
Cac bao ciia Dang tuyen truyen, gioi thi^u ve chii nghla Mac - Lenin, Dang Cpng
san E>6ng Duong, Lien X6, Quoc te'Cpng san. Mat tran nhan dan Phap v.v...
Bao chi each mang tro thanh miii xung kich trong nhi>ng phong trao lon ciia cupc van dong dan chii, dan sinh ki 1936 - 1939 nhu Dong Duong Dai Hpi, cupc van dong dan chii, dan sinh ki 1936 - 1939 nhu Dong Duong Dai Hpi, "don" Go-da va Bre-vi-e, nhijng cupc bau cii va dau tranh nghj truong v.v...
Trong thoi gian nay, nhieu sach chinh tri - li luan dupe xuat ban cong khai
ho^c dua tu Phap ve. Nhieu tac pham hi?n thue phe phan ra doi nhu Buac
duong Cling ciia Nguyen Cong Hoan; Tdt den. Leu chong ciia Ngo Tat To; Giong
to, So do ciia Vii Trpng Phung; tha each mang ciia To Huu; kich c6 tac pham Kim tien ciia vj Huyen Dae, Dai co Luu ciia Tran HCru Trang. Kim tien ciia vj Huyen Dae, Dai co Luu ciia Tran HCru Trang.
Cuoi nam 1937, Dang phat dpng phon trao truyen ba chu Quoc ngu nham giup quan chiing lao dpng dpc sach bao, nang cao sy hieu biet ve chinh trj va giup quan chiing lao dpng dpc sach bao, nang cao sy hieu biet ve chinh trj va each mang.
Cuoc dau tranh cua Dang tren linh vuc bdo chi trong nhimg nam 1936-1939 da ^hu dugc kel qua to lan, truac hel vevan hoa - tu tuang. Dong dao cac tang lap nhan ^hu dugc kel qua to lan, truac hel vevan hoa - tu tuang. Dong dao cac tang lap nhan '^n dugc giac mg vecon duong each mang cua Dang. " ' ''•
e. Daii tranh chong bgn tcrroikit
Trong nhung nam 1936 -1939, Dang Cpng san Dong Duong khong chi dau
tranh chong bpn phan dpng Phap ma con chong bpn tay sai ciia chiing, cac
<*ing phai chinh trj, nhu Dang Lap hien (ciia dja chii va tu san). Dang Dong
t>Uorng dan chii (ciia tri thiic than Phap) Phuc quoc Dong minh hpi (ciia Cuong