1. Hoan canh dat nuoc va the gioi. Npi dung duang loi doi moi ve kinh te va chinh trj cua Dang. chinh trj cua Dang.
a. Hoan earth dat nude:
Trong hon mot thap ki thirc hi^n hai ke hoach Nha nuoc 5 nam (1976 1985), each mang xa hgi chii nghia 6 nuoc ta dat dugc nhirng thanh t y u va uu diem dang ke tren ITnh vyc cua dai song xa hoi. Song each mang ciing gap khong it kho khan, dat nuoc lam vao tinh trang khung hoang, truoc het la khung hoang kinh te - xa hoi. M o t trong nhi>ng nguyen nhan co ban cua kho kh^n, ye'u kem la do mac phai "sai lam nghiem trong va keo dai ve chu truong, chirih sach Ion, sai lam ve chi dao chien luge va to ehue thyc hi^n".
De khac phuc sai lam, khuye't diem dua dat nuoc v u g t quan khung hoang va day manh each mang xa hoi chu nghia tien len. Dang va Nha nuoc ta phai tien hanh doi m o i .
b. Hoan canh the gioi:
D u o i tac dong cua each mang khoa hoc - k l thuat lam cho quan h ^ cua cac nuoc thay doi theo xu the'mai.
Cugc khung hoang toan di^n, tram trgng cua Lien X6 va cac nuoc xa hoi chu nghia khac cijng doi hoi Dang va Nha nuoc ta phai tien hanh doi m o i .
N h u vay, doi moi la van de cap bach, c6 y nghia song con doi voi chii nghia xa hoi 6 nuoc ta dong thai la van de phu hgp voi xu thechung cua thoi dai.
c. Noi dung duang loi doi moi vekinh leva chinh tri cua Dang
D u o n g loi doi m o i cua Dang dugc de ra dau tien tai Dai hoi V I (12 - 1986), dugc dieu chinh, bo sung phat trien Dai hgi VII (6 -1991), Dai hgi VIII (6 - 1996), Dai hoi IX (4-2001).
* Doi moi kinh te:
Phat trien kinh te'hang hoa nhieu thanh phan theo djnh huong xa hgi chu nghia, nham phat huy sue manh cua cac thanh phan kinh t e v a tao sue manh tong hgp eiia nen kinh te nhieu thanh phan.
Cai tao quan he san xuat, cac thanh phan kinh te'lae hau k i m ham su phat trien. Cai tao di doi voi su d y n g va thiet lap quan he san xuat xa hgi ehu nghia. Cai tai phai dugc coi la nhiem vu thuong xuyen, lien tuc trong suot thoi ki qua
dg. Xoa bo co c h e q u a n li kinh te tap trung, bao cap, hinh thanh co che thj
truong CO sy quan l i ciia Nha nuoc.
Thyc hien chinh sach m o cua, m o rgng quan he kinh t e d o i ngoai, mo rgng
su phan eong lao dong va hgp tac kinh te'quoe tc, tich eye khai thae nguon
von, khai thae eong nghe khai thae thi truong. 184
* Doi nuri chinh tri:
Xay d u n g lai Nha nuoc xa hgi chii nghia, Nha nuoc cua nhan dan, do dan
va v i dan lay liem minh giai cap eong nhan, nong dan va tang lap tri thuc lam
nen tang cua Nha nuoc do Dang Cong san lanh dao. Xay d u n g nen dan chu xa hgi chii nghia, bao dam quyen lye thuge ve nhan dan. Thyc hien quyen dan chu cua nhan dan, chuyen chinh doi voi moi hanh dong xam pham igi ich To quoc cua nhan dan. Thyc hi^n chinh sach dai doan ket dan toe, tap hgp mgi lye lugng cua dan tgc, phan dau sy nghiep dan giau, nuoc manh, xa hgi eong bang, dan chu, van minh. Thyc hien chinh sach doi ngoai hoa binh, hOu nghi, hgp tac, "Viet N a m muon la ban ciia tat ca cac nuoc".
2. Nhi^m vu va muc tieu cua timg ke hoach Nha nuoc 5 nam: 1986 - 1990, 1991 - 1995, 1990 - 2000. 1991 - 1995, 1990 - 2000.
Cac ke hoach
Nha nuoc 5 nam Nhif m vu, muc tieu
1986-1990 Can tap trung sue nguoi, sue cua thyc hien bang dugc
nhiem v u , muc tieu cua Ba chiam;^ trinh kinh te'va hmng tituc, thuc pham, hang tieu dimg va han;:; xuat khau
M u o n thuc hi^n nhung muc tieu cua Ba chuong trinh kinh te, thi nong nghiep, ke ca lam nghiep va n g u nghiep phai dugc dat dung vi tri la mat tran hang dau va dugc uu tien nhu eau ve von dau t u , ve nang lye, vat lye, lao dong, k! thuat v.v...
1991 -1995 Day liii va kiem soat dugc lam phat. On djnh phat trien nang cao hieu qua nen san xuat xa hgi. On djnh va tung buoc cai thien nang cao doi song nhan dan. Bat dau
CO tich lijy ngi bg kinh te.
De thyc hien muc tieu tren, phat huy sue manh ciia cac thanh phan kinh te, day manh Ba chuong trinh kinh te voi nhirng ngi dung cao han truoc va tung buoc xay (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
d y n g CO eau kinh tetheo yeu eau eong nghiep hoa.
1996 - 2000 Day manh eong cugc doi moi mot each toan dien va dong bg, tie'p tuc phat trien nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu thanh phan. Phan dau dat va v u g t muc tieu tang truong kinh te'nhanh, hieu qua cao va ben vi>ng di doi voi giai quyet nhi>ng van de buc xuc ve xa hgi; cai thien doi song nhan dan, nang'cao tich luy tu n g i b g den kinh te.
3. Nhmig thanh tmi va yeu kem ve kinh te - xa hpi ciia nuoc ta trong t ^ g ke ho^ch Nha nuoc 5 nam: 1986 - 1990,1991 - 1995,1990 - 2000. ho^ch Nha nuoc 5 nam: 1986 - 1990,1991 - 1995,1990 - 2000.
Cac ke hoach
Nha nuoc 5 nam Thanh t\ru Yeu kem
1986 -1990 Ve luang thuc, thyc
pham, tit cho thieu an
trien mien, chiing ta da v u o n len dap ling nhu cau
trong nuoc, c6 d u tru va
xua't khau, gop phan quan trong on dinh d o i song nhan dan va thay doi can can xua't - nhap khau.
Hang hoa tren thi truong, nhat la hang tieu dung, doi dao, da dang va luu thong tuong doi thuan Igi.
K i n h te doi ngoai phat trien manh, m o rong Hon truoc ve quy mo, hinh thuc... da gop phan quan trong vao vi^c thuc hi^n cac muc tieu kinh te - xa hoi.
Da k i m che dugc m o t buoc da lam phat.
Buoc dau hinh thanh nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu thanh phan, van hanh
theo CO che thi truong c6
su quan h' ciia Nha nuoc. Nhirng thanh t u u , u u diem, tie'n bo dat dugc chung to duong 161 doi moi ciia Dang la dung, buoc d i ciia cong cupc doi m o i ve co ban la phu hgp.
186
Nen kinh te con mat can doi Ion, lam phat van 6 muc cao, lao dong thieu vi^c lam tang, h i ^ u qua kinh te tha'p, nhieu ca so san xua't dinh don keo dai.
Che d p tien l u o n g bat hop li, d o i song ciia nhung nguoi lao dpng chii yeu bang l u o n g hoac trg cap xa hpi va cua mot so bp phan nong dan bi giam sut.
Su nghi^p van hoa c6 nhiing mat tiep tuc xuong cap, tinh trang tham nhung, an hoi 16, mat dan chii, bat cong xa hpi va nhieu hien tupng tieu cue khac nang ne va pho bieh.
"^991 -1995 N h i p d p phat trien kinh te day manh, nhieu muc tieu chu yeu cua ke hoach 5 nam hoan thanh vupt muc.
Kinh te d6'i ngoai phat trien, thj truong xua't nhap khau dupe m o rpng, nguon v o n dau t u ciia nuoc ngoai tang nhanh.
Khoa hoc va cong nghe CO buoc phat trien m o i , van hoa xa hpi c6 nhiing chuyen bien tich cue.
O n d j n h tinh hinh chinh trj - xa hpi dupe g i u vung, qu6'c phong va an ninh dupe Cling c6'.
M o rong quan h$ doi ngoai, pha the bao vay, tham gia tich cue vao cac hoat dpng ciia cpng dong qu6'c te.
N u o c ta v a n con la m p t trong nhirng nuoc ngheo tren the'gioi: luc l u p n g san xua't nho be, co so vat chat - k l thuat lac hau; trinh dp khoa hpc va cong ngh§ chuyen bien cham; nang suat lao dpng, chat lupng san pham, chat lupng cong trinh tha'p.
Tinh trang tham nhung, lang phi, buon lau, lam an phi phap cung n h u hien tupng tieu cue trong bp may N h a nuoc ehua dupe ngan chan triet de.
Su phan hoa giau ngheo gii>a cac vung, giiia thanh thj va nong thon, giira cac tang l o p c u dan tang nhanh. D o i song ciia m p t bp phan nhan dan, nhat la nhung v u n g sau, v i m g xa, con nhieu kho khan. 1996-2000 N e n kinh te van giii
dupe nhjp dp tang truong
kha, CO cau kinh te co su (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
chuyen djch tich cue. Can can doi chii yeu trong nen kinh te da dupe dieu chinh thich hpp
Kinh te doi ngoai phat trien
Khoa hpc va cong n g h ^
CO buoc chuyen bien tich
cue. Giao due va dao tao
CO buoc phat trien m o i ca
Nen kinh te phat trien chua virng chac; nang suat lao dpng hieu qua va sue canh tranh tha'p. - M p t so vah de buc xiic ve van hoa - xa hpi con cham dupe giai quye't.
10 I 1-)t.)) 'Iff i<iyuL inu)
ve q u y mo, chat l u g n g . H i n h t h i i c dao tao va co so vat chat.
Cac ITnh v u c van hoa - xa
h p i CO b u o c phat trien , d a n g ke. 'j [ T i n h h l n h c h i n h trj - xa h o i CO ban o n d j n h ; quoc i i p h o n g - an n i n h d u o c tang ; ' c u o n g ; quan h^ d o i ngoai k h o n g n g u n g d u o c m o I rong. \
4. Y nghia cua n h u n g thanh tuu ve k i n h te - xa hpi nuoc ta trong 15 nam (1986 - 2000) thyc h i ? n duong loi doi moi. N h u n g k h o k h a n yeu k e m (1986 - 2000) thyc h i ? n duong loi doi moi. N h u n g k h o k h a n yeu k e m
a. Nlmri*; thanh tyu vc kinh tc'- xa hoi nuvc ta tron^ 15 nam dot m&i (1986 ~
2000) CO y n^hia v6 cutig^ quan tron^, do la:
Da tang c u o n g siic m a n h t o n g h o p cua dan toe tren tat ca cac ITnh v u c kinh te, c h i n h t r j , xa h o i , v a n hoa, giao due.
C o n g cupc d o i m o i v o i n h u n g thanh t u u dat d u o c t r o n g 15 n a m qua da lam thay d o i bo m a t cua dat n u o c va cuoc song cua nhan d a n .
N h O n g t h a n h t u u cua cong cupc d o i m o i gop phan c u n g co v u n g chac doc
lap dan tpc va c h e d o xa h o i chu nghia, nang cao vj t h e v a u y t i n ciia V i ^ t Nam tren t r u o n g quoc te.
h. NhCmg kho khan va yeu kem vekinh tc- xH hoi cua nude ta sau 15 nam (1986 - 2000)
thifc hien difdn^ loi doi moi.
Mot la, nen k i n h t e p h a t t r i e n chua that s u v u n g c h i c , n a n g sua't lao dong, hi#u qua va sue canh t r a n h tha'p. Chat l u p n g san p h a m chua that s u tot, gia thanh van con cao. Quan he san xuat m o t so mat chua p h u hop. K i n h te'Nha nuoc chua d u p e cung c o t u o n g x u n g v o i vai tro chu dao. K i n h te'tap the chua manh.
Hai la, m o t so v a n de v a n hoa - xa hpi buc xiic va gay gat c h a m d u p e giai quye't. Cac boat d p n g khoa hoc va cong n g h ^ chua d a p u n g tot y e u cau cU'i
cong n g h i f p hoa, hien dai hoa, xay d u n g va bao ve T o quoc. T i le that n g h i ^ p t h a n h thj va thie'u viec l a m 6 n o n g thon con 6 m i i c cao.
Ba la, t i n h t r a n g t h a m n h u n g chua d u p e khac p h u c t r i ^ t de.
1X8
c A u Hdii O N T A P
lU 1. Sau t h a n g i p i k h a n g chien chong MT c i i u nuoc, each m a n g 6 hai m i e n - N a m CO n h u n g t h u a n i p i va k h o k h a n gi? N h i i n g t h a n h t u u dat d u p e 6
lam sau n a m 1975.
Cau 2. D a n g va c h i n h q u y e n each m a n g da c6 n h u n g chu t r u o n g va bien phap g' nhSm giai quye't n h i i n g n h i e m v u cap bach sau k h i cupc k h a n g chien chong MT ke't thiic?
Cau 3. T r o n g viec t h y c hien k e h o a c h N h a n u o c 5 nam 1976 - 1980 va 1981 - j985, nuoc ta dat d u p e n h u n h thanh t u u g i , co n h u n g k h o k h a n va y e u k e m gi? fjguyen nhan cua nhOng k h o khan, yeu kem do. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Cau 4. V i e t N a m t h u c h i ^ n d u o n g loi d o i m o i t r o n g hoan canh d a t n u o c va g i o i n h u the nao? N e u n p i d u n g d u o n g loi d o i m o i ve k i n h te'va c h i n h t n
It
aia D a n g .
Cdu 5. N e u n h i e m v u va m u c tieu ciia t i r n g k e h o a c h N h a n u o c 5 n a m : 1986 - 1990, 1991 - 1 9 9 5 , 1990 - 2000.
Cdu 6. T r i n h bay n h i r n g thanh t u u va yeu k e m Ve k i n h te - xa h p i cua n u o c ta trong t u n g k e h o a c h N h a n u o c 5 nam: 1986 - 1990, 1991 - 1995, 1990 - 2000.
Cdu 7. D o i m o i dat n u o c d i len chii nghia xa h p i t u D a i h p i V I (12 - 1986) ciia D^ng d u p e hieu n h u the nao? N e u y nghTa ciia n h i i n g t h a n h t u u ve k i n h te - xa hpi nuoc ta t r o n g 15 n a m (1986 - 2000) t h u c hien d u o n g 161 d o i m o i .
Cdu 8. So sanh cong cupc cai to cua Lien X6 v o i cong cupc d o i m o i 6 Viet Nam theo yeu cau sau:
T i e u c h i so sanh L i e n X 6 V i ^ t N a m Boi canh Boi canh • D o i m o i ; c h i n h trj • D o i m o i ; c h i n h trj 'i D o i m o i i| j < i n h te 'i D o i m o i i| j < i n h te f C h i n h sach ^ o i ngoai f C h i n h sach ^ o i ngoai
jiCaM 9. N e u n h i r n g thang I p i Ijch s u tieu bieu cita each m a n g V i e t N a m d u o i
I lanh dao cua D a n g t u n a m 1930 den nay. N g u y e n nhan co ban va bai hpc n i ; h i e m ciia thang I p i d o la gi?