Do san xua't ao at, chay dua theo Ipi nhuan, hang hoa e thua, l i dpng. N h u cau va sue mua ciia ngudi d a n khong gia tang tuong ling. C u n g v u p t qua xa cau, s u mat can b3ng ve kinh te trong npi bp t u n g nude va su phat trien khong dong deu gii>a cac nude t u ban chii nghla. T u nhiimg l i d o d o da dan den cupc khiing hoang kinh te'1929 - 1933.
Qua trinh k h i i n g hoang: Thang 10 - 1929, khiing hoang no ra d M i , sau d o Ian ra toan bp the gidi t u ban. Day la cupc khiing hoang thua, khiing hoang tram trpng nhat, keo dai nhat trong Ijch s u cac nude t u ban chii nghla.
Cupc k h i i n g hoang da tan pha kinh te^ gay ra hau qua nghiem trpng ve chinh trj - xa hpi.
H H a n g chuc van cong nhan that nghi^p, nong dan mat rupng dat, song trong canh ngheo d o i , tiing quan. Nhieu cupc da'u tranh ciia n h i j n g ngudi that nghiep dien ra d khap cac nude. De doa s u ton tai ciia chii nghla t u ban.
K h i bj khiing hoang, cac nude t u ban chii nghla giai quyet khiing hoang jfreo cac bien phap khac nhau.
! D o i v d i A n h , Phap, M i tien hanh cai each kinh te - xa hpi, doi m d i qua trinh quan li, to chiic san xua't.
D61 v d i Due, I-ta-li-a, Nhat Ban t i m kiem 16'i thoat bSng hinh thuc thong trj mdi. D d la thie't lap cac che d p dpc tai phat xit - nen chuyen chinh k h i i n g bo irCong khai ciia n h u n g the luc phan dpng nhat, hieu chien nhat.
% K h i i n g hoang k i n h te va qua t r i n h D a n g Quoc xa len cam q u y e n b D u e I Cupc k h i i n g hoang kinh te'the'gidi cudl nam 1929 da giang don nang ne vao
nen k i n h te'Diic. M a u thuan xa hpi va cupc dau tranh ciia quan chiing lao dpng <la dan tdi cupc khiing hoang chinh trj tram trpng. Giai cap t u san cam quyen 'k^ong d i i sue manh de d u y tri che dp cpng hoa t u san, dua dat nude v u p t qua ^ U p c k h i i n g hoang dd.
SSi direing /1 5 0 Ljoh OCr 12 - Ths. Trvcmg Ngpc Thai
Trong boi canh ay, cac the luc phan dpng, hie'u chien, tap h ^ p trong Dang Cong nhan quoc gia xa hpi (gpi tat la Dang Quoc xa), ngay cang m o rpng arih huong trong quan chiing. D u n g dau la Hit-le, ra sue tuyen truyen kich dorig chu nghia phyc thii, chu nghla chong cpng va phan biet chiing toe. Chii truorig phat xit hoa bp may nha nuoc, thiet lap che dp dp dpc tai khiing bo cong khai,
Ngay 30 - 1 - 1933, Tong thong Hin-den-bua chi dinh Hi't-le lam Thii tu6n.> va thanh lap chinh phii m o i , m o ra mpt thoi ki den toi trong lich sii nude D i i c
Tir nam 1933, Chinh phii Hit-le rao riet thiet lap nen chuyen chinh dpc tai, cong khai khiing bo cac dang phai dan chii tieh bp, truoc het la Dang Cpng san Due.
Thang 2 -1933, chinh quyen phat xit v u cao nhung n g u o i cpng san dot chay nha Quoc hpi, dat Dang Cpng san ra ngoai phap luat va bat giam 10 van dang vien cpng san.
N a m 1934, Hin-den-bua qua doi, Hit-le tuyen bo hiiy bo H i e n phap Vai-ma, t u x i m g la Quoc truong suot doi. Nen Cpng hoa Vai-ma hoan toan sup do.
Ve kinh te, chinh quyen phat xit tien hanh to chuc nen kinh te theo huong t^p trung, m#nh l^nh, phuc v u nhu cau quan su. Cac nganh cong nghiep dan dan dupe phuc hoi va hoat dpng het sue khan truong, dac bi^t la cong nghiep quan su. Cac nganh giao thong van tai, xay d u n g d u a n g sa dupe tang cuong de giai quyet nan that nghiep va phuc v u nhu cau quan su. Nen kinh te'Diic da thoat khoi khiing hoang.
Ve doi ngoai, chinh quyen Hit-le tang cuong cac hoat dpng chuan bi chien tranh. Thang 10 - 1933, nuoc Due tuyen bo' n i t khoi H p i Quoc lien de dupe t u do hanh dpng.
N a m 1935, Hit-le ban hanh lenh tong dpng vien quan dich, tuyen bo thanh lap dpi quan thuong true va bSt dau trien khai cac hoat dpng quan su a chau A u .
Den nam 1938, v o i dpi quan 1,5 tri^u nguoi cung 30000 xe tang va khoang
4000 may bay, nuoc Due da tro thanh mpt trai linh khong 16, d i i sue tieh hanh
cac ke hoach gay chien tranh xam lupc.
3. Cupc khiing hoang kinh te nam 1929 -1933 b M i
Trong khi giai cap t u san M I he't loi ca ngpi su phon v i n h ciia nen kinh te th' cupc khiing hoang kinh te chua tung thay bat ngd bung no vao thang 10 -1929, cham d i i t thoi k i hoang k i m ciia kinh te M I .
Cupc khiing hoang bat dau trong linh vuc ngan hang. Ngay 29 -10 -1929 1^
ngay hoang loan chua t u n g c6 trong lich sii thi truong chung khoan N i u Oo<^'
Khiing hoang pha huy nghiem trpng san xuat cong nghiep, nong nghiep thuong nghiep ciia nuoc M I .
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De dua nude M I thoat ra khoi cupc khiing hoang, Tong thong Ph. Ru-do-ven da thuc hi^n chinh sach m o i . Chinh sach m o i da giai quyet dupe mpt so'van de CO ban ciia nuac M I trong con khiing hoang nguy kich. Nha nude t u san da tang cuong vai tro ciia m i n h trong viec eiiu trp ngudi that nghiep, tao them nhieu viec lam m d i , khoi phuc san xuat, xoa dju mau thuan giai cap va gdp phan l a m cho nude M I d u y t r i dupe che d p dan chii t u san. C h i n h v i the. Ph. Ru-do-ven la Tong thong duy nha't trong lich sii nude M I suot bon nhi^m k i .
Ve doi ngoai, Chinh phii Ru-do-ven de ra Chinh sach lang gieng than thi$n nham cai thien quan he v d i cac nude M I Latinh, von dupe M I eoi la "san sau" d i a minh, va thiet lap ngoai giao v d i Lien x6.
Doi v d i cac van de quoc te^ trudc nguy co ciia chii nghla phat xit va chien tranh bao t r i i m toan the'gidi, quoc hpi M I da thong qua hang loat dao luat de igiu vai tro trung lap trong cac cupc xung dpt quan su ben ngoai nude M I .
Chinh sach do da gdp phan khuye'n khich chii nghla phat xit t y do hanh dpng, gay ra cupc Chien tranh the'gidi t h i i hai.
4. Khiing hoang kinh te rtam 1929 -1933 d Nhat ) * ; i
Cupc khiing hoang kinh te the'gidi (1929 - 1933) da giang mpt don nang ne vao kinh te'Nhat: San xuat cong nghiep giam siit. Khiing hoang xay ra nghiem trpng nha't la trong nong nghiep. Thi truong trong va ngoai nude bi thu h?p. Khiing hoang kinh te day manh qua trinh tap trung san xuat, tang cudng quyen lyc ciia cac tap doan t u ban Idn.
i N h a m khac phuc n h u n g hau qua ciia cupc khiing hoang va giai quyet khd
khan do thie'u nguon nguyen li#u va thi truong tieu thu hang hda, gidi cam quyen Nhat chii truong quan phiet hda bp may nha nude, gay chien tranh xam lupc, banh t r u d n g ra ben ngoai.
Cung vdi v i ^ quan phi^t hda bp may nha nude, tang cudng chay dua v i i trang, gidi cam quyen Nhat Ban day manh cupc chien tranh xam lupc Trung Quoc.