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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - LÊ TUẤN ANH STUDY ON PARAMETRIZATION OF PHOTOFISSION CROSS-SECTION OF 238 U AND OPTIMIZATION SIMULATION USING GEANT4 FOR DESIGN OF THE IGISOL FACILITY AT ELI-NP PROJECT PhD THESIS IN ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS Hanoi – 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - LÊ TUẤN ANH STUDY ON PARAMETRIZATION OF PHOTOFISSION CROSS-SECTION OF 238 U AND OPTIMIZATION SIMULATION USING GEANT4 FOR DESIGN OF THE IGISOL FACILITY AT ELI-NP PROJECT Major: Atomic and Nuclear physics Code: 9440106 PhD THESIS IN ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SUPERVISORS: Dr, PHAN VIET CUONG Prof, DIMITER L BALABANSKI Hanoi – 2021 L˝I CAM OAN Tæi xin cam oan Ơy l cổng trnh nghiản cứu m phn ch y‚u tỉi trüc ti‚p thüc hi»n, phƒn cỈn l⁄i cõ sỹ tham gia hỉ trổ ca cĂc ỗng nghiằp t⁄i nhâm RA4, thuºc dü ¡n ELI-NP t⁄i Romania C¡c kt quÊ nghiản cứu l trung thỹc v chữa tng ữổc sò dửng bĐt ký cổng trnh n o kh¡c Lu“n ¡n cơng sß dưng mºt sŁ thỉng tin, s liằu thỹc nghiằm t nhiãu nguỗn s liằu khĂc v chúng ãu ữổc trch dÔn rê nguỗn gc TĂc giÊ NCS Lả TuĐn Anh i Acknowledgements First and foremost, I gratefully express my best thanks to my supervisors, Dr Phan Viet Cuong at Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology and Prof Dimiter L Balabanski at ELI-NP Romania for giving me an opportunity to join ELI-NP project, to work in an international researching environments, and for their limitless support and help me when I was in need I would like to thank Dr Paul Constantin in RA4-ELI-NP group, who was alway ready to spend his treasure time to help me through when I got problem not in this work but also daily life in Romania And I am also grateful to Dr Bo Mei, Dr Deepika Choudhury, and all the members of RA4, as well as ELI-NP, who help me a lot when I was at Romania I would like to thank the Board of Directors and all members of Graduate University of Science and Technology for helping me during the process of doing my thesis I also would like to thank my colleagues and friends in the VNU University of Science, in Centre of Nuclear Physics, Institute of Physics, and in Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute for their friendships and encouragements I would like to express my special thank to all my colleagues at Research and Development Center for always giving me convenience to nish my work I would like to thank to all my colleagues at Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology for their unlimited supports I would like to give my deep gratitude to my parents, my grandma, brother and other members in my big family for their encouragements at all time And aftermost, I would like to express the most special thank to my wife who has been always beside me, taken care of my two angel babies, to my beloved children who are the motivation of my working ii This work was supported by Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) Phase II, a project co- nanced by the Romanian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund -the Competitiveness Oper-ational Program (1/07.07.2016, COP, ID 1334) iii Acknowledgements Abbreviations List of tables List of gures Abstract Introduction OVERVIEW 1.1 The Extreme Light Infrastructure Nucle 1.1.1 1.2 Methods for production of RIB 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 The future ELI-NP IGISOL 1.4 Introduction of Geant4 toolkit 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 Photo ssion process 1.6 Purposes of the Thesis STUDY ON PARAMETRIZATION OF PHOTOFISSION CROSSSECTION OF 238 U 2.1 Empirical parametrization for total cros charge distribution of 238 U photo ssion 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 Validation of the empirical parametriza 2.3 Prediction of neutron-rich nuclei yield 2.4 Chapter conclusion OPTIMIZING THE DESIGN OF CRYOGENIC STOPPING CELL FOR IGISOL FACILITY AT ELI-NP 3.1 The structure of the implemented Gea 3.2 Implementation of photo ssion process 3.3 Ionic e ective charge 3.4 Target geometry optimization 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.5 The stopping length of photo ssion fragments in Helium gas Guidance for choosing the width of CSC 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.6 The extraction of photo ssion fragmen 3.7 Chapter conclusion Conclusion Bibliography Publications Appendix vi Abbreviations ELI Extreme Light Infrastructure ELI-NP Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics RIB Radioactive Ion Beam ISOL Isotope Separation On-line IGISOL Ion Guide Isotope Separation On-line CSC Cryogenic Stopping Cell LIP Low energy Interaction Point HIP High energy Interaction Point DC Direct Current RF Radio Frequency HPLS High-Power Laser System PW Peta-Watt CBS Compton Backscattering GBS Gamma Beam System NRF Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence SM Symmetric Mode ASM Asymmetric Mode KE Kinetic energy PS Potential Energy Surface GDR Giant Dipole Resonance GSI The GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research vii List of Tables 2.1 The values of constants used in the empirical parametrizatio photo ssion total cross-section 2.2 The values of constants used in the empirical parametrizatio photo ssion mass yield 2.3 The values of constants used in the empirical parametrizatio photo ssion isobaric charge 3.1 Results for target geometry 3.2 Gas density dependence of various parameters viii 95 col_slit_rot[col_iter]->rotateZ( col_set_angle_span/col_set_slit_nb*(col_iter-1)); col_slit_pos_z[col_iter] = -col_set_mother_z/2 + col_min_dist + (col_iter-1)*col_slit_dist + (col_iter-1./2.)*col_slit_mother_z; new G4PVPlacement(col_slit_rot[col_iter], G4ThreeVector(0.,0.,col_slit_pos_z[col_iter]), col_slit_mother_log, "col_slit_mother", col_set_mother_log, false, 0, checkOverlaps);} G4RotationMatrix* col_set_rot[col_set_nb+1]; for(G4int col_iter = 1; col_iter rotateZ(col_set_phi_zero[col_iter]); new G4PVPlacement(col_set_rot[col_iter], G4ThreeVector(0.,0., ELIColl_z+(col_iter-1./2.)*col_set_mother_z+ (col_iter-1)*col_set_dist),col_set_mother_log, "col_set_mother", expHall_log, false, 0, checkOverlaps);}} // BUILDS THE ENTIRE CSC TARGET SYSTEM: void DetectorConstruction::BuildTargetSystem( G4LogicalVolume* logicCell, G4bool checkOverlaps) { G4double foilThick = runInput->GetFoilThick(); G4double backThick = runInput>GetBackThick(); // DEFINITION OF THE MATERIALS: G4NistManager* nist = G4NistManager::Instance(); // G4Material* m_targ = nist->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_U"); G4Material* m_targ = nist->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_URANIUM_DICARBIDE"); G4Material* m_back = nist->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_GRAPHITE"); G4Material* m_fram = nist->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Al"); G4Material* m_rod = nist>FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Fe"); // DEFINITION OF THE BASIC SHAPES: G4Box* TA_shape = new G4Box("TargetBox", 0.5*foilSize, 0.5*foilLength, 0.5*foilThick); 96 G4Box* BK_shape = new G4Box("BackingBox", 0.5*foilSize, 0.5*foilLength, 0.5*backThick); // THE 2D SHAPE OF THE FRAME FOR THE TARGET FOILS: G4double frameThick = foilThick + 2*backThick + 2*frameWidth; if(frameDepth>=frameLength) { G4cout